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Agnes Adelaide Donaldson
Agnes Adelaide Donaldson (; 1866–1948) was an Australian botanical collector, governess, and sheep station owner. Part of the expansive network of collectors established by Ferdinand von Mueller to botanically describe and categorise the flora of Australia, she was the earliest recorded woman, and one of the earliest recorded people, to collect plant material around Alpha. Life Donaldson was born to pastoralists Hastings Alfred Elms (1832–1910), and Janet Beveridge Elms (1838–1899) in Smeaton, Victoria. In the late 1880s, Agnes travelled to Lansdowne, Queensland to work as a governess at Lansdowne station. She met the station overseer Robert Donaldson, and they married in 1890 and they ultimately had three daughters and three sons. After the wedding in Victoria, the Donaldsons travelled to Alpha pastoral station in Alpha, Queensland where Robert was the manager. At this time it is claimed that he employed Breaker Morant. In 1898, leaseholders with large landholdings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smeaton, Victoria
Smeaton is a rural town in the state of Victoria, Australia, near the town of Creswick. At the , Smeaton had a population of 231. The found that of the 231 population, 117 were male, and 115 were female. Their median age was 53, compared to the national median of 38. A breakdown of resident heritage showed that 21.3% claimed Australian heritage, 31.5% English heritage, 12.7% Scottish, 9.3% Irish and 4.6% Italian. However, 79.7% of residents were born in Australia; the only other responses for country of birth were England 2.6%, New Zealand 1.8% and Croatia 1.8%. The most common response for religion was "No Religion" (26.6%). The town was founded by Scottish settler Captain John Hepburn who was a colonial squatter in the 1840s. Hepburn held under Government licence about 20,000 acres (80 km²) for his sheep and cattle run which he drove overland from Sydney. He built Smeaton House in 1849 with the assistance of British colonial migrants. Smeaton House itself, remain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rockhampton
Rockhampton is a city in the Rockhampton Region of Central Queensland, Australia. The population of Rockhampton in June 2021 was 79,967, Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018. making it the fourth-largest city in the state outside of the cities of South East Queensland, and the 22nd-largest city in Australia. Today, Rockhampton is an industrial and agricultural centre of the north, and is the regional centre of Central Queensland. Rockhampton is one of the oldest cities in Queensland and in Northern Australia. In 1853, Charles and William Archer came across the Toonooba river, which is now also known as the Fitzroy River, which they claimed in honour of Sir Charles FitzRoy. The Archer brothers took up a run near Gracemere in 1855, and more settlers arrived soon after, enticed by the fertile valleys. The town of Rockhampton was proclaimed in 1858, and surveyed by William Henry Standish, Arthur F Wood and Francis Clarke, the chosen street design closely resembled t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Australian Botanists
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British Railways. * January 4 – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic, named the ''Union of Burma'', with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President, and U Nu its first Prime Minister. * January 5 ** Warner Brothers shows the first color newsreel (''Tournament of Roses Parade'' and the ''Rose Bowl Game''). ** The first Kinsey Reports, Kinsey Report, ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'', is published in the United States. * January 7 – Mantell UFO incident: Kentucky Air National Guard pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of an unidentified flying object. * January 12 – Mahatma Gandhi begins his fast-unto-death in Delhi, to stop communal violence during the Partition of India. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Women
Women in Australia refers to women's demographic and cultural presence in Australia. Australian women have contributed greatly to the country's development, in many areas. Historically, a masculine bias has dominated Australian culture. Since 1984, the '' Sex Discrimination Act 1984'' (Cth) has prohibited sex discrimination throughout Australia in a range of areas of public life, including work, accommodation, education, the provision of goods, facilities and services, the activities of clubs and the administration of Commonwealth laws and programs, though some residual inequalities still persist. In 2017, Australia was ranked the world's safest country for women by the New World Wealth research group. History Colonial New South Wales Australia was established in 1788 as a penal colony. The population was predominantly male, with between 1788 and 1792, around 3546 male and 766 female convicts being landed at Sydney. This severe gender imbalance created a lot of socia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1866 Births
Events January–March * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine ''The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman troops clash with supporters of Maronite leader Youssef Bey Karam, at St. Doumit in Lebanon; the Ottomans are defeated. * January 12 ** The '' Royal Aeronautical Society'' is formed as ''The Aeronautical Society of Great Britain'' in London, the world's oldest such society. ** British auxiliary steamer sinks in a storm in the Bay of Biscay, on passage from the Thames to Australia, with the loss of 244 people, and only 19 survivors. * January 18 – Wesley College, Melbourne, is established. * January 26 – Volcanic eruption in the Santorini caldera begins. * February 7 – Battle of Abtao: A Spanish naval squadron fights a combined Peruvian- Chilean fleet, at the island of Abtao, in the Chiloé Archipelago of southern Chile. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria are botanic gardens across two sites–Melbourne and Cranbourne. Melbourne Gardens was founded in 1846 when land was reserved on the south side of the Yarra River for a new botanic garden. It extends across that slope to the river with trees, garden beds, lakes and lawns. It displays almost 50,000 individual plants representing 8,500 different species. These are displayed in 30 living plant collections. Cranbourne Gardens was established in 1970 when land was acquired by the Gardens on Melbourne's south-eastern urban fringe for the purpose of establishing a garden dedicated to Australian plants. A generally wild site that is significant for biodiversity conservation, it opened to the public in 1989. On the site, visitors can explore native bushland, heathlands, wetlands and woodlands. One of the features of Cranbourne is the Australian Garden, which celebrates Australian landscapes and flora through the display of approximately 170,000 plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Herbarium Of Victoria
The National Herbarium of Victoria (Index Herbariorum code: MEL) is one of Australia's earliest herbaria and the oldest scientific institution in Victoria. Its 1.5 million specimens of preserved plants, fungi and algae—collectively known as the State Botanical Collection of VictoriaRoyal Botanic Gardens VictoriaState Botanical Collection at the National Herbarium(accessed 20 August 2020)—comprise the largest herbarium collection in Australia and Oceania.Thiers, B. (2020 - continuously updated). National Herbarium of Victoria Collections Summary. ''Index Herbariorum. A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium.'' Available fromMEL Collections Summary(accessed 21 August 2020) The collection includes scientifically and historically significant collections gathered by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander during the voyage of in 1770, as well as 2,000 specimens collected by Robert Brown during Flinders' circumnav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogantungan
Bogantungan is a rural town in the locality of Willows in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia. Geography The town is north west of the state capital Brisbane and west of the regional city of Rockhampton. The Central Western railway line passes through the town which was once served by the Bogantungan railway station. The small number of houses in the town are located around the railway station. The Capricorn Highway once passed through the town but now bypasses it to the north. History The name ''Bogantungan'' derives from Aboriginal words "''bogan''" meaning "''grass''" and "''tungan''" meaning "''tree''". The Central Western railway was built in sections, beginning at Rockhampton and then heading west. Each section involved establishing a temporary settlement to accommodate the workers while they were building the railway. After that section was complete, the workers moved further west were a new settlement was established. Although intended as temporary, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rockhampton, Queensland
Rockhampton is a city in the Rockhampton Region of Central Queensland, Australia. The population of Rockhampton in June 2021 was 79,967, Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018. making it the fourth-largest city in the state outside of the cities of South East Queensland, and the 22nd-largest city in Australia. Today, Rockhampton is an industrial and agricultural centre of the north, and is the regional centre of Central Queensland. Rockhampton is one of the oldest cities in Queensland and in Northern Australia. In 1853, Charles and William Archer came across the Toonooba river, which is now also known as the Fitzroy River, which they claimed in honour of Sir Charles FitzRoy. The Archer brothers took up a run near Gracemere in 1855, and more settlers arrived soon after, enticed by the fertile valleys. The town of Rockhampton was proclaimed in 1858, and surveyed by William Henry Standish, Arthur F Wood and Francis Clarke, the chosen street design closely resembled the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breaker Morant
Harry "The Breaker" Harbord Morant (born Edwin Henry Murrant, 9 December 1864 – 27 February 1902), more popularly known as Breaker Morant, was an Anglo-Australian drover, horseman, bush poet, military officer, and war criminal who was convicted and executed for murdering six prisoners-of-war (POWs) and three captured civilians in two separate incidents during the Second Anglo-Boer War. While serving as a lieutenant with the Bushveldt Carbineers, Morant was arrested and court-martialled for committing murder on active serviceone of the first such prosecutions in British military history. According to military prosecutors, Morant retaliated for the death in combat of his commanding officer with a series of revenge killings against both Boer POWs and many civilian residents of the Northern Transvaal. Morant's defence attorney, Major James Francis Thomas, demanded the acquittal of his clients under what is now called the Nuremberg Defence, alleging that his clients coul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha, Queensland
Alpha is a rural town and a locality in the Barcaldine Region, Queensland, Australia. At the , the locality had a population of 559 people. Geography Alpha is in Central West Queensland. It lies on Alpha Creek. The Capricorn Highway runs through from east to west, and the Clermont-Alpha Road enters from the north-east. The Central Western railway line passes through the town, which is served by Alpha railway station. The town is a service centre for the surrounding pastoral properties and travellers on the highway. History The town of Alpha is situated approximately 400 kilometres to the west of Rockhampton, with the name being derived from Alpha Pastoral Station, established in 1863. This was a very large station, dominating the area and growing to more than 1,600 square kilometres by the 1890s. The area was originally visited and partly explored by the New South Wales Surveyor-General, Thomas Mitchell in 1846 and it was his reports that were to encourage settlement, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
