|
Aghdznik
Arzanene () or Aghdznik () was a historical region in the southwest of the ancient kingdom of Armenia. It was ruled by one of the four (''bidakhsh'', ) of Armenia, the highest ranking nobles below the king who ruled over the kingdom's border regions. Its probable capital was the fortress-city of Arzen. The region briefly became home to the capital of Armenia during the reign of Tigranes the Great, who built his namesake city Tigranocerta there. Arzanene was placed under the direct suzerainty of the Roman Empire after the Peace of Nisibis in 298. It was briefly brought back under Armenian control c. 371 but was soon lost again following the partition of Armenia in 387. Name It is generally agreed the Greco-Roman name of Arzanene is derived from the city of Arzan ( or in Armenian), which was probably the capital of the province. The name is identified with the ''Alzi'' or ''Alše'' mentioned in Neo-Assyrian and Urartian inscriptions and is of non-Armenian origin. Geogra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sasun (historical Region)
Sasun or Sassoun (), also known as Sanasun or Sanasunkʻ (), was a region of historical Armenia. The region is now divided among the modern Turkey, Turkish provinces of Muş Province, Muş, Bingöl Province, Bingöl, Bitlis Province, Bitlis, Siirt Province, Siirt, Batman Province, Batman, and Diyarbakır Province, Diyarbakır, with the modern-day district of Sason District, Sason in Batman Province encompassing only one part of historical Sasun. In antiquity, Sasun was one of the ten districts () of the province of Arzanene, Aghdznikʻ (Arzanene) of the Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Kingdom of Armenia. Over time, Sasun came to denote a larger region than the original '. In the 10th century, an independent Armenian principality based in Sasun and ruled by a branch of the Mamikonian dynasty emerged and existed until the 12th century. The region was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, and the district (''kaza'') of Sasun was made a part of different administrative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Armenia (antiquity)
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major ( '; ), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire under Tigranes the Great, Tigranes II, was an Armenians, Armenian kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD. Its history is divided into the successive reigns of three Royal family, royal dynasties: Orontid dynasty, Orontid (331–200 BC), Artaxiad dynasty, Artaxiad (189 BC12 AD), and Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacid (52–428). The root of the kingdom lies in the Satrapy of Armenia of the Achaemenid Empire of Iran, which was formed from the territory of Urartu (860–590 BC) after it was conquered by the Medes in 590 BC. The satrapy became a kingdom in 321 BC during the reign of the Orontid dynasty after the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great, which was then incorporated as one of the Hellenistic period, Hellenistic kingdoms of the Seleucid Empire. Under the Seleucid Empire ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bidaxsh
Bidaxsh (''bidakhsh'', also spelled Pitiakhsh; in Roman sources ''Vitaxa'') was a title of Iranian origin attested in various languages from the 1st to the 8th-century. It has no identical word in English, but it is similar to a margrave, toparch and marcher lord. The etymology of the term is disputed, and it has been interpreted as literally meaning "the eye of the king," "second ruler" or "vice king." The word was borrowed into Armenian as ''Bdeašx'' (բդեաշխ), and into Georgian as ''Pitiaxshi'' (პიტიახში) and ''Patiaxshi'' (პატიახში). The title was prominent in Armenia and Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ..., being used by the military governor of a province, and being the hereditary title of the dynasts of Gugark. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tigranocerta
__NOTOC__ Tigranocerta (, ''Tigranόkerta''; Tigranakert; ), also called Cholimma or Chlomaron in antiquity, was a city and the capital of the Armenian Kingdom between 77 and 69 BCE. It bore the name of Tigranes the Great, who founded the city in the first century BC. There is so far no common agreement on the precise location of Tigranakert; it was either near present-day Silvan, Arzan (Arzn, in the Armenian province of Arzanene or Aghdznik), east of Diyarbakır, Turkey, or in the valley of the Garzan river mentioned by T. A. Sinclair. It was one of four cities in historic Armenia named Tigranakert. The others were in Nakhichevan, Artsakh and Utik, the 4 cities being in the old Armenian provinces Aldznik, Goghtn, Utik, Artsakh. Its population has been estimated at up to 100,000, "over a quarter of a million", possibly 300,000, or even 500,000. These are partly or entirely based on Appian, who in Mithridatic War §67' attests that Tigranes carried 300,000 people from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viceroyalty
A viceroyalty was an entity headed by a viceroy. It dates back to the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the sixteenth century. British Empire India * British Raj, India was governed by the Governor-General of India, Governor-General and Viceroy of India from 1858 to 1947, commonly shortened to "Viceroy of India". Ireland * Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland was governed by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who was the representative of the British Monarchy in Ireland from the Williamite period until independence, was also called the Viceroy of Ireland. France * Viceroyalty of New France Portuguese Empire In the scope of the Portuguese Empire, the term "Viceroyalty of Brazil" is also occasionally used to designate the colonial State of Brazil, in the historic period while its governors had the title of "Viceroy". Some of the governors of Portuguese India were also called "Viceroy". * Viceroyalty of Brazil * List of governors of Portuguese India, Governors of Portuguese India Russ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suren Yeremian
Suren Tigrani Yeremian (; ; – 17 December 1992) was a Soviet historian and cartographer who specialized in the study of the early history and geography of Armenia and the Caucasus. He devoted nearly thirty years of his scholarly efforts in reconstructing the ''Ashkharhatsuyts'', a seventh-century atlas commonly attributed to Anania Shirakatsi.See the "Preface" and "Introduction" in Robert Hewsen's ''The Geography of Ananias of Širak: Asxarhacoyc, the Long and the Short Recensions''. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, 1992, . Biography Early life and education Yeremian was born into a family of laborers in Tiflis, in 1908 and attended a local Russian school. Presidency of the Armenian Academy of the Sciences, Institute of History. "S. T. Yeremian," '' Patma-Banasirakan Handes'' 135-136 (1992): pp. 255-256. Mahé, Jean-Pierre. "In Memoriam: Souren Eremyan, 1908-1993," ''Revue des Études Arméniennes'' 14 (1993): pp. 339-40. He was an avid reader of history books and his inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyril Toumanoff
Cyril Leo Toumanoff ( ka, კირილ თუმანოვი; ; 10 October 1913 – 4 February 1997) was a Georgian-American historian, and academic genealogist who mostly specialized in the history and genealogies of medieval Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and the Byzantine Empire. Born in the Russian Empire into a princely family, Toumanoff escaped to the United States after the Russian Revolution. His works have significantly influenced the Western scholarship of the medieval Caucasus. Robert H. Hewsen. "In Memoriam: Cyril Toumanoff." ''Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies''. Vol. 8, 1995, 5–7. Family Cyril Toumanoff was born on 10 October 1913 in Saint Petersburg, the son of Prince Leo Tumanov, a military officer of the Russian Imperial army. His father, who was born in Yerevan, was descended from the Armeno-Georgian princely family of Tumanishvili (Russified to Tumanov)Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), ''Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts and Eurasian Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert H
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' () "fame, glory, honour, praise, renown, godlike" and ''berht'' "bright, light, shining"). It is the second most frequently used given name of ancient Germanic origin.Reaney & Wilson, 1997. ''Dictionary of English Surnames''. Oxford University Press. It is also in use Robert (surname), as a surname. Another commonly used form of the name is Rupert (name), Rupert. After becoming widely used in Continental Europe, the name entered England in its Old French form ''Robert'', where an Old English cognate form (''Hrēodbēorht'', ''Hrodberht'', ''Hrēodbēorð'', ''Hrœdbœrð'', ''Hrœdberð'', ''Hrōðberχtŕ'') had existed before the Norman Conquest. The feminine version is Roberta (given name), Roberta. The Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish form is Roberto (given name), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophene
Sophene ( or , ; ) was a province of the ancient kingdom of Armenia, located in the south-west of the kingdom, and of the Roman Empire. The region lies in what is now southeastern Turkey. History The region that was to become Sophene was part of the kingdom of Ararat (Urartu) in the 8th and 7th centuries BC. After unifying the region with his kingdom in the early 8th century BC, king Argishtis I of Urartu resettled many of its inhabitants in his newly built city of Erebuni (modern day Armenian capital Yerevan). Around 600 BC, Sophene became part of the newly emerged ancient Armenian Kingdom of the Orontids. This dynasty acted as satraps of Persia first under the Median Empire, later under the Achaemenid Empire. After Alexander the Great's campaigns in the 330s BC and the subsequent collapse of the Achaemenid Empire, Sophene remained part of the newly independent kingdom of Greater Armenia. In the early 3rd century BC, at the instigation of the Seleucid Empire, which was t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arshakuni Armenia 150-en
The Arsacid dynasty, called the Arshakuni () in Armenian, ruled the Kingdom of Armenia (with some interruptions) from 12 to 428 AD. The dynasty was a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Arsacid kings reigned intermittently throughout the chaotic years following the fall of the Artaxiad dynasty until 62, when Tiridates I, brother of Parthian King Vologases I, secured Arsacid rule in Armenia as a client king of Rome. However, he did not succeed in establishing his line on the throne, and various princes of different Arsacid lineages ruled until the accession of Vologases II, who succeeded in establishing his own line on the Armenian throne, which ruled the kingdom until its abolishment by the Sasanian Empire in 428. Two of the most notable events under Arsacid rule in Armenian history were the conversion of Armenia to Christianity by Gregory the Illuminator and Tiridates III in the early 4th century and the creation of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots in . In con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March (territory)
In Middle Ages, medieval Europe, a march or mark was, in broad terms, any kind of borderland, as opposed to a state's "heartland". More specifically, a march was a border between realms or a neutral buffer zone under joint control of two states in which different laws might apply. In both of these senses, marches served a political purpose, such as providing warning of Invasion, military incursions or regulating cross-border trade. Marches gave rise to the titles marquess (masculine) or marchioness (feminine). Etymology The word "march" derives ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root *''merg-'', meaning "edge, boundary". The root *''merg-'' produced Latin ''margo'' ("margin"), Old Irish ''mruig'' ("borderland"), Welsh language, Welsh ''bro'' ("region, border, valley") and Persian language, Persian and Armenian language, Armenian ''Marz (country subdivision), marz'' ("borderland"). The Proto-Germanic ''*marko'' gave rise to the Old English language, Old English word ''mearc'' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Markwart
Josef Markwart (originally spelled Josef Marquart: December 9, 1864 in Reichenbach am Heuberg – February 4, 1930 in Berlin) was a German historian and orientalist. He specialized in Turkish and Iranian Studies and the history of the Middle East. The ''Encyclopædia Iranica'' wrote that "His books are full of profound and nearly inexhaustible erudition, revealing that their author was a learned historian, philologist, geographer, and ethnologist." The encyclopedia cited his 1901 book ''Ērānšahr'' as "still an authoritative work and probably his most important." Biography He attended Tübingen University in Germany, where he studied Catholic theology, and then later switched his studies to classical philology and history. In 1889 he worked as an assistant to Eugen Prym, an orientalist author. His doctoral thesis ''Assyriaka des Ktesias'' was accepted and he graduated in 1892. In 1897 he began as a lecturer in ancient history. In 1900 he moved to Leiden, The Netherland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
