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Agha Baji
Asiye Khanum Ezzeddin Qajar (; 19th-century) was the mother of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (). She functioned as the administrator of the Qajar harem and the treasurer of her son, the Shah. When she died, her son married her trusted slave servant Khazen ol-Dowleh, who succeeded Asiye Khanum as harem administrator and treasurer. Biography Asiye Khanom, the daughter of Mohammad Khan Ezzeddinlou (Ozdadlou) Qajar from the Ashaqa-Bash tribe, was married to Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar, the brother of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar and the governor of Damghan, in 1182 AH. A year later, their first child, Fath-Ali, was born in Damghan. After the assassination of Hossein Qoli Khan by the order of Karim Khan Zand, Asiye Khanom and her two sons were returned to the Qajar tribe by Agha Mohammad Khan. After Agha Mohammad Khan escaped from Shiraz, Asiye Khanom joined him, and they married. Following the conquest of Tehran, Agha Mohammad Khan brought her and her sons to the city. Asiye, along with Mirza Moha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (; 5 August 1772 – 24 October 1834) was the second Shah of Qajar Iran. He reigned from 17 June 1797 until his death on 24 October 1834. His reign saw the irrevocable ceding of Iran's northern territories in the Caucasus, comprising what is nowadays Georgia (country), Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Persian Wars of Russo-Persian War (1804–1813), 1804–1813 and Russo-Persian War (1826–1828), 1826–1828 and the resulting treaties of Treaty of Gulistan, Gulistan and Treaty of Turkmenchay, Turkmenchay., page 728 These two treaties are closely tied to Fath-Ali Shah's legacy amongst Iranians, who often view him as a weak ruler. Fath-Ali Shah successfully reconstituted his realm from a mostly Turkic tribal khanship into a centralized and stable monarchy based on the old imperial design. At the end of his reign, his difficult economic problems and military and technological liabilities took Iran to the verge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 is about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq. It is the Imam Ali Shrine, burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza Najaf, Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf. Etymology According to Ibn Manzur, the word, "najaf" (), literally means a high and rectangular place around which water is accumulated, although the water does not go above its level. Al-Shaykh al-Saduq appeals to a hadith from Ja'far al-Sadiq, claiming that "Najaf" comes from the phrase, "nay jaff" which means "the nay sea has dried". "Naj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Iranian Women
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was Abolitionism, abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naser Al-Din Shah Qajar
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (; ; 17 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated. During his rule there was internal pressure from the people of Iran, as well as external pressure from the British empire and the Russian empire. He granted many concessions, most importantly the Reuter concession and the Tobacco concession. He allowed the establishment of newspapers in the country and made use of modern forms of technology such as telegraph, photography and also planned concessions for railways and irrigation works. Despite his modernizing reforms on education, his tax reforms were abused by people in power, and the government was viewed as corrupt and unable to protect commoners from abuse by the upper classes which led to increasing anti-governmental sentiments. He was assassinated when visiting a shrine in Rayy near Tehran. He was the first modern Iranian monarch who formally visited Europe and wrote of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naneh Khanom Barforoush
Naneh Khanom Barforoush (Persian: ننهخانم بارفروش; born in Sari) also known as Mahd-i Ulya, was the sixtieth wife of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, and she held a high status with him to the extent that she was granted the title of Mahd-i Ulya by him.Soltani, Karim (1379). ''Titles of Qajar Era Men''. Tehran: Ney. p. 184. ISBN 964-312-484-3 Biography She was the daughter of Mohammad Khan Mazandarani Pazvari and the sister of Molla Abdullah. She did not have close relationships with the other women of the court and spent most of her time with her husband. She had four children with Fath-Ali Shah. Although she was not the mother of the crown prince, she held the title of Mahd-i Ulya because Asiya Khanom Devellu, the mother of Abbas Mirza, died early and did not have the opportunity to hold the title. After Naneh Khanom, Ghalin Khanom, the wife of Abbas Mirza, inherited the title. Children Naneh Khanom had four children with Fath-Ali Shah Qajar Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (; 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahd-i Ulya
Mahd-i Ulyā or Mahd-e Olyā ( 'sublime cradle'Browne, E. G. (2004). A Traveller's Narrative Written to Illustrate the Episode of the Báb. USA: Kalimát Press. p. 361 or 'highest-ranked cradle') was a common title for empress mother, mothers of Shahs, or crown princes, in Iran during the Safavid dynasty, Safavid and Qajar dynasty, Qajar eras, and title of mothers of Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Sultan, Sultans like Valide sultan, Valide Sultan. It is also occasionally used in a similar context for the wife or the mother of a local ruler or a religious leader: * Asiye Khanum Ezzeddin Qajar, mother of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar * Naneh Khanom Barforoush, wife of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar * Galin Khanum (mother of Mohammad Shah Qajar), Galin Khanom Devellu, mother of Mohammad Shah Qajar * Malek Jahan Khanom, mother of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar * Gawhar Shad, wife of Shah Rukh * Khayr al-Nisa Begum, wife of Mohammad Khodabanda, Shah Muhammad Khodabanda and mother of Abbas the Great, Shah Abbas I * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qajar Dynasty
The Qajar family (; 1789–1925) was an Iranian royal family founded by Mohammad Khan (), a member of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman-descended Qajar tribe. The dynasty's effective rule in Iran ended in 1925 when Iran's '' Majlis'', convening as a constituent assembly on 12 December 1925, declared Reza Shah, a former brigadier-general of the Persian Cossack Brigade, as the new ''shah'' of what became known as Pahlavi Iran. List of Qajar monarchs Qajar imperial family The Qajar Imperial Family in exile is currently headed by the eldest descendant of Mohammad Ali Shah, Sultan Mohammad Ali Mirza Qajar, while the Heir Presumptive to the Qajar throne is Mohammad Hassan Mirza II, the grandson of Mohammad Hassan Mirza, Sultan Ahmad Shah's brother and heir. Mohammad Hassan Mirza died in England in 1943, having proclaimed himself shah in exile in 1930 after the death of his brother in France. Today, the descendants of the Qajars often identify themselves as such and hol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeeran Khanum
Jeeran Khanum (), also spelled Jeyran Khanom, was the wife of Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar of the Ashaqa-Bash tribe, the mother of Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar and Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (the founder of the Qajar dynasty The Qajar family (; 1789–1925) was an Iranian royal family founded by Mohammad Khan (), a member of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman-descended Qajar tribe. The dynasty's effective rule in Iran ended in 1925 when Iran's '' Majlis'', conven ...), and the daughter of Eskandar Khan Qavanlou. She has been described as a brave, capable, wise, and politically astute woman. Until her death, she managed the Ashaqa-Bash tribe and held this position during the time when Mohammad Hassan Khan was engaged in battles in various cities. Her origins were of Turkic descent, and her name reflects this heritage. Agha Mohammad Khan learned archery, horseback riding, reading and writing, and memorizing the Quran from his mother during his childhood. References Qajar dynasty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Language
Persian ( ), also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Farsi (, Fārsī ), is a Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible standard language, standard varieties, respectively Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari, Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964), and Tajik language, Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate society, Persianate history in the cultural sphere o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar
Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar (), also spelled Muhammad and Hassan (1715–1759), chief of the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajars (tribe), Qajar tribe of Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkomans in the Caspian coastlands around Astarabad, was the son of Fath Ali Khan and the father of Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar and Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, who founded the Qajar dynasty of Iran. Mohammad Hasan Khan was driven from Astarabad in the early 1740s, but after the death of Nader Shah in 1747, he appears to have joined Shahrukh Afshar and was appointed Beylerbey, beglerbeg of Astarabad and leader of all the nomadic groups in the province by Soleyman II; after the latter was deposed, Mohammad Hasan became virtually independent and extended his power to Mazandaran and Gilan. After the Khan (title), khan of Tabriz, Azad Khan Afghan, attacked Mohammad Hasan Khan unsuccessfully, the latter counterattacked and ousted Azad Khan from Azerbaijan in 1757, taking Tabriz without a fight (being welcomed by its inhabitants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
