|
Aeroallergen
An aeroallergen (''pronounced aer·o·al·ler·gen'') is any airborne substance, such as pollen or spores, which triggers an allergic reaction. Pollens Aeroallergens include the pollens of specific seasonal plants is commonly known as "hay fever", because it is most prevalent during haying season, from late May to the end of June in the Northern Hemisphere; but it is possible to experience hay fever throughout the year. The pollen which causes hay fever varies from person to person and from region to region; generally speaking, the tiny, hardly visible pollens of wind-pollinated plants are the predominant cause. Pollens of insect-pollinated plants are too large to remain airborne and pose no risk. Examples of plant pollen commonly responsible for hay fever include: * Trees: such as birch (''Betula''), alder (''Alnus''), cedar (''Cedrus''), hazel (''Corylus''), hornbeam (''Carpinus''), horse chestnut (''Aesculus''), willow (''Salix''), poplar (''Populus''), plane (''Platanus'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollen
Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophytes during the process of their movement from the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants, or from the male cone to the female cone of gymnosperms. If pollen lands on a compatible pistil or female cone, it germinates, producing a pollen tube that transfers the sperm to the ovule containing the female gametophyte. Individual pollen grains are small enough to require magnification to see detail. The study of pollen is called palynology and is highly useful in paleoecology, paleontology, archaeology, and forensics. Pollen in plants is used for transferring haploid male genetic material from the anther of a single flower to the stigma of another in cross-pollination. In a case of self-pollination, this process takes place from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airborne
Airborne or Airborn may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Airborne'' (1962 film), a 1962 American film directed by James Landis * ''Airborne'' (1993 film), a comedy–drama film * ''Airborne'' (1998 film), an action film starring Steve Guttenberg * ''Airborne'' (2012 film), a horror film Games * ''Airborne!'', a 1985 computer game by Silicon Beach Software * ''Airborne Ranger'', a 1987 computer game by Microprose * '' Asphalt 8: Airborne'', a 2013 video game * '' Medal of Honor: Airborne'', a 2007 video game Literature * ''Airborn'' (novel), a 2004 young adult novel by Kenneth Oppel *''Airborn'' (''Hijos del aire''), a poetry collection by Octavio Paz, English translation Charles Tomlinson 1981 Music Groups * Airbourne (band), an Australian hard rock band * The Airborne Toxic Event, an indie rock band Albums * ''Airborn'' (album) * ''Airborne'' (Curved Air album), 1976 * ''Airborne'' (Don Felder album) * ''Airborne'' (The Flying Burrito Brothers albu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osmolyte
Osmolytes are low-molecular weight organic compounds that influence the properties of biological fluids. Their primary role is to maintain the integrity of cells by affecting the viscosity, melting point, and ionic strength of the aqueous solution. When a cell swells due to external osmotic pressure, membrane channels open and allow efflux of osmolytes which carry water with them, restoring normal cell volume. Osmolytes also interact with the constituents of the cell, e.g. they influence protein folding. Common osmolytes include amino acids, sugars and polyols, methylamines, methylsulfonium compounds, and urea. Case studies Natural osmolytes that can act as osmoprotectants include trimethylamine ''N''-oxide (TMAO), dimethylsulfoniopropionate, sarcosine, betaine, glycerophosphorylcholine, myo-inositol, taurine, glycine, and others. Remarkably, TMAO has the capacity to restore glucocorticoid binding to mutant receptors. Bacteria accumulate osmolytes for protection against a h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrophobin
Hydrophobins are a group of small (~100 amino acids) cysteine-rich proteins that are expressed only by filamentous fungi that are lichenized or not. They are known for their ability to form a hydrophobic (water-repellent) coating on the surface of an object. They were first discovered and separated in ''Schizophyllum commune'' in 1991. Based on differences in hydropathy patterns and biophysical properties, they can be divided into two categories: class I and class II. Hydrophobins can self-assemble into a monolayer on hydrophilic:hydrophobic interfaces such as a water:air interface. Class I monolayer contains the same core structure as amyloid fibrils, and is positive to Congo red and thioflavin T. The monolayer formed by class I hydrophobins has a highly ordered structure, and can only be dissociated by concentrated trifluoroacetate or formic acid. Monolayer assembly involves large structural rearrangements with respect to the monomer. Fungi make complex aerial structures and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus Spore Ejection
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true fungi' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumex
The docks and sorrels, genus ''Rumex'', are a genus of about 200 species of annual, biennial, and perennial herbs in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae. Members of this genus are very common perennial herbs with a native almost worldwide distribution, and introduced species growing in the few places where the genus is not native. Some are nuisance weeds (and are sometimes called dockweed or dock weed), but some are grown for their edible leaves. ''Rumex'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species, and are the only host plants of '' Lycaena rubidus.'' Description They are erect plants, usually with long taproots. The fleshy to leathery leaves form a basal rosette at the root. The basal leaves may be different from those near the inflorescence. They may or may not have stipules. Minor leaf veins occur. The leaf blade margins are entire or crenate. The usually inconspicuous flowers are carried above the leaves in clusters. The fertile f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorrel
Sorrel (''Rumex acetosa''), also called common sorrel or garden sorrel, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Polygonaceae. Other names for sorrel include spinach dock and narrow-leaved dock ('dock' being a common name for the genus ''Rumex''). Sorrel is native to Eurasia and a common plant in grassland habitats. It is often cultivated as a leaf vegetable or herb. Description Sorrel is a slender herbaceous perennial plant about high, with roots that run deep into the ground, as well as juicy stems and arrow-shaped (sagittate) leaves. The lower leaves are in length with long petioles and a membranous ocrea formed of fused, sheathing stipules. The upper ones are sessile, and frequently become crimson. It has whorled spikes of reddish-green flowers, which bloom in early summer, becoming purplish. The species is dioecious, with stamens and pistils on different plants. Subspecies Several subspecies have been named. Not all are cultivated. * ''Rumex acetosa'' ssp. ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chenopodium
''Chenopodium'' is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classification systems, notably the widely used Cronquist system, separate it and its relatives as Chenopodiaceae, but this leaves the rest of the Amaranthaceae polyphyletic. However, among the Amaranthaceae, the genus ''Chenopodium'' is the namesake member of the subfamily Chenopodioideae. Description The species of ''Chenopodium'' (s.str., description according to Fuentes et al. 2012) are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs or small trees. They generally rely on alkaline soil. They are nonaromatic, but sometimes fetid. The young stems and leaves are often densely covered by vesicular globose hairs, thus looking farinose. Characteristically, these trichomes persist, collapsing later and becoming cup-shaped. The branched stems grow erect, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mugwort
Mugwort is a common name for several species of aromatic flowering plants in the genus ''Artemisia.'' In Europe, mugwort most often refers to the species ''Artemisia vulgaris'', or common mugwort. In East Asia the species ''Artemisia argyi'' is often called "Chinese mugwort" in the context of traditional Chinese medicine, or () in Mandarin. ''Artemisia princeps'' is a mugwort known in Korea as () and in Japan as (). While other species are sometimes referred to by more specific common names, they may be called simply "mugwort" in many contexts. Etymology The Anglo-Saxon ''Nine Herbs Charm'' mentions . A folk etymology, based on coincidental sounds, derives ' from the word "mug"; more certainly, it has been used in flavoring drinks at least since the early Iron Age. * Other sources say ''mugwort'' is derived from the Old Norse (meaning "marsh") and German ''wuertz'' (''wort'' in English, originally meaning "root"), which refers to its use since ancient times to repel insects, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urticaceae
The Urticaceae are a family, the nettle family, of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus '' Urtica''. The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus ''Urtica'', ramie (''Boehmeria nivea''), māmaki ('' Pipturus albidus''), and ajlai ('' Debregeasia saeneb''). The family includes about 2,625 species, grouped into 53 genera according to the database of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Christenhusz and Byng (2016). The largest genera are '' Pilea'' (500 to 715 species), '' Elatostema'' (300 species), '' Urtica'' (80 species), and '' Cecropia'' (75 species). '' Cecropia'' contains many myrmecophytes. Urticaceae species can be found worldwide, apart from the polar regions. Description Urticaceae species can be shrubs (e.g. '' Pilea''), lianas, herbs (e.g. '' Urtica'', '' Parietaria''), or, rarely, trees ('' Dendrocnide'', '' Cecropia''). Their leaves are usually entire and bear stipules. Urticating (stinging) h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plantago
''Plantago'' is a genus of about 200 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, commonly called plantains or fleaworts. The common name plantain is shared with the unrelated cooking plantain. Most are herbaceous plants, though a few are subshrubs growing to tall. Description The leaves are sessile or have a poorly defined petiole. They have three or five parallel veins that diverge in the wider part of the leaf. Leaves are broad or narrow, depending on the species. The inflorescences are borne on stalks typically tall, and can be a short cone or a long spike, with numerous tiny wind-pollinated flowers. Species The boundaries of the genus ''Plantago'' have been fairly stable, with the main question being whether to include '' Bougueria'' (one species from the Andes) and '' Littorella'' (2–3 species of aquatic plants).Albach, D. C., Meudt, H. M. & Oxelman, B. 2005Piecing together the "new" Plantaginaceae ''American Journal of Botany'' 92: 297–315. There ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ragweed
Ragweeds are flowering plants in the genus ''Ambrosia'' in the aster family, Asteraceae. They are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, especially North America,''Ambrosia'' Flora of North America. where the origin and of the genus are in the and northwestern . Several species have been [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Chenopodium")
