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Adolfas Kubilius
Adolfas Kubilius (26 July 1918 – 9 March 1946), also known by his codenames Balys, Radvila, or Vaišvila, was a Lithuanian anti-Soviet partisan and a commander of partisans in the Samogitia region. Kubilius was a teacher during interwar Lithuania. In 1940 he was conscripted into the Lithuanian army but was quickly demobilized due to the Soviet occupation of Lithuania. At the beginning of Nazi occupation of Lithuania, Kubilius studied journalism in Vytautas Magnus University, though after persecutions by the Gestapo began, he went into hiding and joined the Lithuanian Liberty Army, becoming one of its leaders, and began organizing men in Samogitia, establishing the Samogitian Legion. He was captured in 1945 and sentenced to be shot in 1946. Biography Early life Adolfas Kubilius was born on 26 July 1918 in the village of in the Kretinga district to Leonas Kubilius and Ona Daugintaitė. In 1936 he graduated from the Kretinga gymnasium, staying there working as a teacher afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Žemaičiai Military District
Žemaičiai military district () was a military district of Lithuanian partisans which operated in 1945–1953 in the counties of Telšiai County, Telšiai, Kretinga, Mažeikiai, and some parts of Tauragė county. It is named after ethnographic region of Lithuania - Samogitia. Leaders Structure of Lithuanian partisans' organisation References {{Reflist External linksGenocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania 2004 film about the Lithuanian Forest Brothers, based on the real life events of Juozas Lukša aka Juozas L. Daumantas [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestapo
The (, ), Syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated Gestapo (), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Free State of Prussia, Prussia into one organisation. On 20 April 1934, oversight of the Gestapo passed to the head of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), Heinrich Himmler, who was also appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936. Instead of being exclusively a Prussian state agency, the Gestapo became a national one as a sub-office of the (SiPo; Security Police). From 27 September 1939, it was administered by the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). It became known as (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the (SD; Security Service). The Gestapo committed widespread atrocities during its existence. The power of the Gestapo was used to focus upon political opponents, ideological dissenters (clergy and religious org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest Brothers
The guerrilla war in the Baltic states was an insurgency waged by Baltic states, Baltic (Latvian partisans, Latvian, Lithuanian partisans, Lithuanian and Estonian partisans, Estonian) partisans against the Soviet Union from 1944 to 1956. Known alternatively as the "Forest Brothers", the "Brothers of the Wood" and the "Forest Friars" (, , ), these partisans fought against invading Soviet forces during their occupation of the Baltic states during and after World War II. Similar Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe, insurgent groups resisted Soviet occupations in People's Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Polish People's Republic, Poland, Socialist Republic of Romania, Romania and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukraine. Soviet forces, consisting primarily of the Red Army, occupied the Baltic states in 1940, completing their occupation by 1941. After a period of German occupation of the Baltic states during World War II, German occupation during World War I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Soviet Partisans
Anti-Soviet partisans may refer to various resistance movements that opposed the Soviet Union and its satellite states at various periods during the 20th century, between the Russian Revolution (1917) and the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991). During the Russian Civil War and Interwar period *Basmachi movement * Green armies * August Uprising * Forest Guerrillas * Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine *Organizations of the White movement in the 1920s–1930s: ** Brotherhood of Russian Truth ** Russian All-Military Union During the Second World War and its aftermath * Armata Neagră (Moldovan SSR) * Chechen anti-communist resistance movement (1940–1944) *Chetniks (Kingdom of Yugoslavia/Serbia) * Cursed soldiers (Poland) * Goryani (Bulgaria) * Guerrilla war in the Baltic states ** Estonian partisans ** Latvian partisans ** Lithuanian partisans *Organisations formed by Nazi Germany ** GULAG Operation (Komi ASSR) ** Black Cats (Byelorussian SSR) **Crusaders (Independent St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuskulėnai Manor
Tuskulėnai Manor () is a neoclassical manor in Žirmūnai elderate of Vilnius, Lithuania. It is best known as burial grounds of people executed by the KGB in 1944–1947. After Lithuania regained independence in 1990, the manor was reconstructed and the park was transformed into a memorial to the victims of Soviet repressions. It is administered by the Lithuanian Genocide and Resistance Research Center. Structures The Tuskulėnai Manor is the oldest architectural monument in Žirmūnai. The present manor was built in 1825, following a design by Karol Podczaszyński in the neoclassical style, by the order of the Governor General of Lithuania, Alexander Rimsky-Korsakov. It consists of the principal building - the palace, a storage house, and several adjacent buildings, including a small eclectic chapel of St. Theresa, located approximately 100 metres south of the principal building. The palace is the main architectural accent of the ensemble, showing clear influence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vincentas Borisevičius
Vincentas Borisevičius (23 November 1887 – 18 November 1946) was a Lithuanian Roman Catholic bishop of the Telšiai Diocese. The process of his beatification was initiated in 1990. Born to a family of well-off Lithuanian farmers, Borisevičius was educated at the boys' gymnasium of the Church of St. Catherine (Saint Petersburg), Church of St. Catherine in Saint Petersburg, Sejny Priest Seminary, and University of Fribourg in Switzerland. In 1913, he became a vicar and prison chaplain to Kalvarija, Lithuania, Kalvarija. During World War I, he evacuated to Minsk where he worked as a chaplain of the 10th Army (Russian Empire), 10th Army of the Russian Imperial Army. Upon return to Lithuania in 1918, he became chaplain and religion teacher at the Marijampolė Gymnasium. In 1922, he moved to teach moral theology, moral and pastoral theology as well as social sciences at the Sejny Priest Seminary. In 1926, Justinas Staugaitis, the first bishop of the newly created Diocese of Telšiai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army. In February 1946, the Red Army (which embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces alongside the Soviet Navy) was renamed the "Soviet Army". Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union it was split between the post-Soviet states, with its bulk becoming the Russian Ground Forces, commonly considered to be the successor of the Soviet Army. The Red Army provided the largest land warfare, ground force in the Allies of World War II, Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its Soviet invasion of Manchuria, invasion of Manchuria assisted the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolfas Eidimtas
Adolfas is a masculine Lithuanian given name, derived from the German Adolf. Notable people with the name include: * Adolfas Akelaitis (1910–2007), Lithuanian high jumper *Adolfas Aleksejūnas (born 1937), Lithuanian middle-distance runner * Adolfas Jucys (1904–1974), Lithuanian theoretical physicist and mathematician *Adolfas Mekas (1925–2011), Lithuanian film director, and brother of Jonas Mekas *Adolfas Ramanauskas (1918–1957), American-born Lithuanian anti-Soviet partisan * Adolfas Šleževičius (1948–2022), former Prime Minister of Lithuania * Adolfas Tautavičius (born 1925), Lithuanian archaeologist and Habilitated Doctor *Adolfas Urbšas (1900–1973), Lithuanian and Soviet military officer *Adolfas Valeška (1905–1994), Lithuanian stained glass artist, painter, stage designer, and museum director *Adolfas Varanauskas (1934–2007), Lithuanian shot putter *Adolfas Večerskis (born 1949), Lithuanian movie and stage actor, director and translator {{given name S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Šiauliai
Šiauliai ( ; ) is a city in northern Lithuania, the List of cities in Lithuania, country's fourth largest city and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, sixth largest city in the Baltic States, with a population of 112 581 in 2024. From 1994 to 2010 it was the capital of Šiauliai County. Names Šiauliai is referred to by various names in different languages: Samogitian language, Samogitian ; Latvian language, Latvian (historic) and (modern); Polish language, Polish ; German language, German ; Belarusian language, Belarusian ; Russian language, Russian (historic) and (modern); Yiddish language, Yiddish . History The city was first mentioned in written sources as ''Soule'' in Livonian Order chronicles describing the Battle of Saule. Thus the city's founding date is now considered to be 22 September 1236, the same date when the battle took place, not far from Šiauliai. At first, it developed as a defence post against the raids by the Teutonic Knight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Prussia
East Prussia was a Provinces of Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945. Its capital city was Königsberg (present-day Kaliningrad). East Prussia was the main part of the Prussia (region), region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Sea, Baltic Coast. The bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians were enclosed within East Prussia. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. After the Northern Crusades, conquest the indigenous Balts were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the following centuries, Germans became the dominant ethnic group, while Polish people, Poles and Lithuanians formed sizeable minorities. From the 13th century, the region of Prussia was part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaunas
Kaunas (; ) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius, the fourth largest List of cities in the Baltic states by population, city in the Baltic States and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a in the Duchy of Trakai of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Trakai Voivodeship, Trakai Palatinate since 1413. In the Russian Empire, it was the capital of the Kovno Governorate, Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915. During the interwar period, it served as the temporary capital of Lithuania, when Vilnius was Polish–Lithuanian War, seized and controlled by Second Polish Republic, Poland between 1920 and 1939. During that period Kaunas was celebrated for its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Revival architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture, interior design of the time, and a widespread café culture. The city in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and also known as the Hitler–Stalin Pact and the Nazi–Soviet Pact, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, with a secret protocol establishing Soviet and German spheres of influence across Eastern Europe. The pact was signed in Moscow on 24 August 1939 (backdated 23 August 1939) by Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop. The treaty was the culmination of negotiations around Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–1941)#1938–1939 deal discussions, the 1938–1939 deal discussions, after tripartite discussions between the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and France had broken down. The Soviet-German pact committed both sides to neither aid nor ally itself with an enemy of the other for the following 10 years. Under the Secret Protocol, Second Polish Republic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
