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Adequate And Independent State Ground
The adequate and independent state ground doctrine is a Legal doctrine, doctrine of United States law governing the power of the U.S. Supreme Court to review judgments entered by State court (United States), state courts. Introduction It is part of the basic framework of the American legal system that the U.S. Supreme Court is the ultimate arbiter of questions of federal law but the state courts are the ultimate arbiters of the laws of each state. ''See, e.g., Hortonville Joint School District No. 1. v. Hortonville Education Ass’n'', 426 U.S. 482, 488 (1976) (“We are, of course, bound to accept the interpretation of [State] law by the highest court of the State.”). Thus, generally speaking, the U.S. Supreme Court has the authority (“jurisdiction”) to review state court determinations of federal law, but lacks jurisdiction to review state court determinations of state law. ''See'28 U.S.C. § 1257 This general rule is simple to apply in cases clearly involving only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Doctrine
A legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules, Procedural law, procedural steps, or Test (law), test, often established through precedent in the common law, through which judgments can be determined in a given legal case. For example, a doctrine comes about when a judge makes a ruling where a process is outlined and applied, and allows for it to be Case law, equally applied to like cases. When enough judges make use of the process, it may become established as the ''de facto'' method of deciding like situations. Examples Examples of legal doctrines include: See also * Constitutionalism * Constitutional economics * Concept * Rule according to higher law * Legal fiction * Legal precedent * ''Cogitationis poenam nemo patitur'' * ''Ex aequo et bono'' References External links * *Pierre Schlag and Amy J. Griffin, "How to do Things with Legal Doctrine" (University of Chicago Press 2020) * Emerson H. Tiller and Frank B. Cross,What is Legal Doctrine? " ''Northwestern University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Court (United States)
In the United States, a state court is a court of law with jurisdiction over disputes with some connection to a U.S. state. State courts handle the vast majority of Civil law (common law), civil and Criminal law of the United States, criminal cases in the United States; the United States federal courts are far smaller in terms of both personnel and caseload, and handle different types of cases. States often provide their trial courts with general jurisdiction (the hearing of all matters in which personal jurisdiction exists and which are not committed to another court) and state trial courts regularly have concurrent jurisdiction with federal courts. Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction and their subject-matter jurisdiction arises only under United States federal law, federal law. Each state "is free to organize its courts as it sees fit," and consequently, "no two states have identical court structures." Generally, state courts are common law courts, and apply t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hortonville Joint School District No
Hortonville may refer to: *Hortonville, Nova Scotia *Hortonville, Indiana *Hortonville, Massachusetts *Hortonville Historic District, Massachusetts *Hortonville, New Mexico *Hortonville, New York *Hortonville, Vermont *Hortonville, Wisconsin *Hortonville Area School District, Wisconsin See also *Horton (other) *Hortonia (other) {{geodis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michigan V
Michigan ( ) is a peninsular state in the Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, Indiana and Illinois to the southwest, Ohio to the southeast, and the Canadian province of Ontario to the east, northeast and north. With a population of 10.14 million and an area of , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the largest by total area east of the Mississippi River.''i.e.'', including water that is part of state territory. Georgia is the largest state by land area alone east of the Mississippi and Michigan the second-largest. The state capital is Lansing, while its most populous city is Detroit. The Metro Detroit region in Southeast Michigan is among the nation's most populous and largest metropolitan economies. Other important metropolitan areas include Grand Rapids, Flint, Ann Arbor, Kalamazoo, the Tri-Cities, and Muskego ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fox Film Corp
Foxes are small-to-medium-sized omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull; upright, triangular ears; a pointed, slightly upturned snout; and a long, bushy tail ("brush"). Twelve species belong to the monophyletic "true fox" group of genus ''Vulpes''. Another 25 current or extinct species are sometimes called foxes – they are part of the paraphyletic group of the South American foxes or an outlying group, which consists of the bat-eared fox, gray fox, and island fox. Foxes live on every continent except Antarctica. The most common and widespread species of fox is the red fox (''Vulpes vulpes'') with about 47 recognized subspecies. The global distribution of foxes, together with their widespread reputation for cunning, has contributed to their prominence in popular culture and folklore in many societies around the world. The hunting of foxes with packs of hounds, long an established pursuit in Europe, especially in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murdock V
Murdock is a surname. A relatively modern iteration of the Irish or Scottish name Murdoch. Notable people with the surname include: * Andrew Murdock (born 1962), American record producer * Andrew G. Murdock (fl. 2000s), botanist whose official abbreviation is "Murdock", who described the fern genus '' Ptisana'' * Bennet Murdock (1925–2022), American psychologist * Colin Murdock (born 1975), Northern Irish footballer * David H. Murdock (1923–2025), American businessman * Deroy Murdock, American syndicated columnist * Dorothy M. Murdock, better known by pen name Acharya S, author and proponent of the Christ myth theory * Eric Murdock, retired American professional basketball player * George Peter Murdock, American anthropologist known for his empirical approach to ethnological studies * George Murdock, American actor * Ian Murdock, founder and former leader of the Debian Linux Distribution * J. Edgar Murdock (1894–1977), American jurist who served as a chief judge of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staub V
Staub (engl. ''dust'', German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): from Middle High German stoup German Staub "dust" a nickname for a miller) is a German-language surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Chelsea Staub (born 1988), American actress and singer, now credited as Chelsea Kane * Danielle Staub (born 1962), American television personality, philanthropist and singer * Ervin Staub (born 1938), Professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts * France Staub (1920–2005), ornithologist, herpetologist, botanist, and conservationist from Mauritius *Jacob Staub, rabbi, author and poet * John F. Staub (1892–1981), residential architect in Houston, Texas, from the 1920s to 1960s * Jonny Staub (born 1979), Canadian radio and television personality *Ralph Staub (1899–1969), movie director, writer and producer * Ralph Staub (football coach) (1928–2022), former head coach of the Cincinnati college football program *Randy Staub, Canadian recording engineer * Roger Staub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felder V
Felder is a surname, and may refer to: Persons * Amanda Felder, American professional triathlete * Andreas Felder (b. 1962), Austrian championship ski jumper * Anna Felder (1937–2023), Swiss writer and playwright * Cajetan Freiherr von Felder (1814–1894), Austrian entomologist, jurist, and politician * Clarence Felder (b. 1938), American film and television character actor * Don Felder (b. 1947), American rock musician * Giovanni Felder (b. 1958), Swiss mathematician * James Felder (b. 1939), American politician and civil rights activist * John Myers Felder (1782–1851), American politician and congressman * Josef Felder (1900–2000), German politician * Kay Felder, American professional basketball player * Marcel Felder (b. 1984), Uruguayan tennis player * Mike Felder (b. 1961), American professional baseball player * Paul Robert Felder (b. 1985), American mixed martial artist * Richard Felder (b. 1939), American engineering educator * Rudolf Felder (1842–1871), Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seneca Nation Of Indians V
Seneca may refer to: People, fictional characters and language * Seneca (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname : :* Seneca the Elder (c. 54 BC – c. AD 39), a Roman rhetorician, writer and father of the stoic philosopher Seneca :* Seneca the Younger (c. 4 BC – AD 65), a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist * Seneca people, one of the six Iroquois tribes, native to the area south of Lake Ontario (present day New York state) ** Seneca language, the language of the Seneca people Places United States New York State * Seneca County, New York * Seneca Falls, New York, a town in Seneca County * Seneca, New York, a town in Ontario County * Seneca Village, New York City, a former settlement in Manhattan that was displaced to create Central Park Other communities * Seneca, California, an unincorporated community * Seneca, Illinois, a village * Seneca, Kansas, a city * Seneca, Keweenaw County, Michigan, an uninc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University
The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the second-oldest continuously operating university globally. It expanded rapidly from 1167, when Henry II prohibited English students from attending the University of Paris. When disputes erupted between students and the Oxford townspeople, some Oxford academics fled northeast to Cambridge, where they established the University of Cambridge in 1209. The two English ancient universities share many common features and are jointly referred to as ''Oxbridge''. The University of Oxford comprises 43 constituent colleges, consisting of 36 semi-autonomous colleges, four permanent private halls and three societies (colleges that are departments of the university, without their own royal charter). and a range of academic departments that are organised into four divisions. Each college ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
