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Action In The Oslofjord
The Action in the Oslofjord occurred late on 8 April 1940 in World War II. As ''Kampfgruppe'' 5 of the German invasion force proceeded towards Oslo, it encountered Norwegian defences in the Oslofjord. During a short exchange that resulted in the first Norwegian casualty of the war, the Germans managed to push through down to Drøbak Sound, where they would face more determined resistance. Prelude In order to invade Norway, the Germans divided their naval forces into six groups. The fifth of these, "''Kampfgruppe'' 5," was to pass through the Oslofjord and land troops in Oslo. The group consisted of the heavy cruisers and ''Lützow'', the light cruiser , the torpedo boats , and and eight minesweepers. The ships were under orders not to open fire unless fired upon. The outer parts of the fjord were guarded by the Oslofjord Fortress, established in 1914, made up of smaller forts at Bolærne and Rauøy. Of the 11 guard ships operating out of Tønsberg, would be tasked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolærne
Bolærne is an archipelago in Færder Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. Bolærne is located in the Oslofjord about east of the large island of Nøtterøy. Today, there are no longer any permanent residents of the islands. The archipelago is located inside Færder National Park, which was established in 2013. It is made up of three main islands plus about 40 smaller islets and skerries. Together, the islands include about of land. The largest island, Mellom Bolæren, covers . The easternmost island is Østre Bolæren, which measures . The islands are hilly and forested. The islands have been inhabited by fishermen from the 16th century. The islands were taken over by the Norwegian military in 1916 and a coastal fortress existed on the island from 1916 to 2002 when it was closed. In 2006 the military sold the islands to Vestfold county and later they became owned by Færder Municipality. See also *List of islands of Norway This is a list of islands of Norway sorted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1940 In Norway
Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar became a Roman Consul. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 100 days. * First year of the ''Xingping'' era during the Han Dynasty in Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Battles Of World War II Involving Norway
A navy, naval force, military maritime fleet, war navy, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields. The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, deter or confront piracy, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations). The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies. The strategic task of a navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water nav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscarsborg Fortress
Oscarsborg Fortress () is a coastal fortress in the Oslofjord, close to the town of Drøbak in Akershus County, Norway. The best known part is situated on two small islets: ''Nordre Kaholmen'' and ''Søndre Kaholmen''. In addition, the main artillery batteries were on the island Håøya and smaller batteries were on the mainland to the west and east of the fjord. The fortress is best known for sinking the German heavy cruiser '' Blücher'' on 9 April 1940. The fortress was military territory until 2003 when it was made into a publicly available museum and resort. In 2014, Oscarsborg Fortress was given protected status. Early history The narrows at Drøbak, called '' Drøbaksundet'', is a natural point for the naval defence of Oslo, the capital of Norway. The first defences were constructed during the reign of Christian IV of Denmark and Norway and were ready in 1644. However, the fortifications were not involved in battle during the Hannibal War (1643-1645).National Fort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fjord
In physical geography, a fjord (also spelled fiord in New Zealand English; ) is a long, narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. Fjords exist on the coasts of Antarctica, the Arctic, and surrounding landmasses of the northern and southern hemispheres. Norway's coastline is estimated to be long with its nearly 1,200 fjords, but only long excluding the fjords. Formation A true fjord is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by ice segregation and abrasion of the surrounding bedrock. According to the standard model, glaciers formed in pre-glacial valleys with a gently sloping valley floor. The work of the glacier then left an overdeepened U-shaped valley that ends abruptly at a valley or trough end. Such valleys are fjords when flooded by the ocean. Thresholds above sea level create freshwater lakes. Glacial melting is accompanied by the rebounding of Earth's crust as the ice load and eroded sediment is removed (also called isostasy or gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damaged Pol III
Damage is any change in a thing, often a physical object, that degrades it away from its initial state. It can broadly be defined as "changes introduced into a system that adversely affect its current or future performance".Farrar, C.R., Sohn, H., Park, G.,Converting Large Sensor Array Data into Structural Health Information, in Andrew Smyth, Raimondo Betti, ''The 4th International Workshop on Structural Control'' (2005), p. 67. Damage "does not necessarily imply total loss of system functionality, but rather that the system is no longer operating in its optimal manner". Damage to physical objects is "the progressive physical process by which they break",Jean Lemaitre, ''A Course on Damage Mechanics'' (2013). and includes mechanical stress that weakens a structure, even if this is not visible. Physical damage All physical damage begins on the atomic level, with the shifting or breaking of atomic bonds, and the rate at which damage to any physical thing occurs is therefore lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Østlands-Posten
''Østlands-Posten'' is a local newspaper published in Larvik, Norway. It covers Larvik and Lardal. It was established in 1881. As of December 2022, the newspaper publishes a paperback newspaper on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. On Monday, Wednesday and Friday they publish one on their website. It has a circulation of 14,284, of whom 13,888 are subscribers. 1896-1995 ''Østlands-Posten'' was owned by the Næss family. It is now published by the company ''A-pressen Lokale Medier AS'', which in turn is owned 100% by A-pressen Amedia AS is the second largest media company in Norway (the largest is Schibsted and the third largest is Polaris Media). The company is whole or partial owner of 50 local and regional newspaper with online newspapers and printing presses, and .... References Norwegian Media Registry External links * Newspapers established in 1881 Daily newspapers published in Norway Mass media in Vestfold Amedia 1881 establishments in Norway {{norway-new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coastal Artillery
Coastal artillery is the branch of the armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications. From the Middle Ages until World War II, coastal artillery and naval artillery in the form of cannons were highly important to military affairs and generally represented the areas of highest technology and capital cost among materiel. The advent of 20th-century technologies, especially military aviation, naval aviation, jet aircraft, and guided missiles, reduced the primacy of cannons, battleships, and coastal artillery. In countries where coastal artillery has not been disbanded, these forces have acquired amphibious capabilities. In littoral warfare, mobile coastal artillery armed with surface-to-surface missiles can still be used to deny the use of sea lanes. It was long held as a rule of thumb that one shore-based gun equaled three naval guns of the same caliber, due to the steadiness of the coastal gun which allowed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karljohansvern
Karjohansvern (''Karljohansvern Orlogsstasjon, KJV'') at Horten was the main base for the Royal Norwegian Navy from 1850 to 1963. Background In 1818, it was decided to establish a naval base in Horten. It was first called ''Hortens verft'', and later ''Marinens Hovedværft'' until King Oscar I of Sweden, Oscar I named it ''Carljohansværn værft'' in 1854 (after his father Charles XIV John of Sweden, Karl Johan). The shipyards was begun in 1820 and the first launch, a frigate, was in 1828. On 9 April 1940 during the Operation Weserübung, German invasion of Norway, Battle of Horten Harbour, a battle took place in the harbour when the Germans attempted to seize the base. The naval attack was repulsed, but German troops managed to outflank the Norwegians and force them to capitulate. Karljohansvern remained in German hands for the rest of World War II, while the ships operating out of it were pressed into their service. In 1953, the Norwegian Parliament determined the Navy's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Policy Of Neutrality
Policy is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopted by a governance body within an organization. Policies can assist in both ''subjective'' and ''objective'' decision making. Policies used in subjective decision-making usually assist senior management with decisions that must be based on the relative merits of a number of factors, and as a result, are often hard to test objectively, e.g. work–life balance policy. Moreover, governments and other institutions have policies in the form of laws, regulations, procedures, administrative actions, incentives and voluntary practices. Frequently, resource allocations mirror policy decisions. Policies intended to assist in objective decision-making are usually operational in nature and can be objectively tested, e.g. a password policy. The term may apply to government, public sector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
