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Acrocomia Vinifera
''Acrocomia aculeata'' is a species of Arecaceae, palm native to the Neotropics. Common names Common names include grugru palm, ''gloo gloo'', ''corojo'', macaúba palm, coyol palm, and macaw palm; synonym (taxonomy), synonyms include ''A. lasiospatha, A. sclerocarpa'', and ''A. vinifera''. Description ''Acrocomia aculeata'' grows up to tall, with a trunk up to in diameter, characterized by numerous slender, black, viciously sharp long spines jutting out from the trunk. This palm tree usually grows up to 10 – 15 metres tall. The leaf, leaves are pinnate, long, with numerous slender, long leaflets. Petioles of the leaves are also covered with spines. The flowers are small, produced on a large branched inflorescence long. The fruit is a yellowish-green drupe in diameter. The inner fruit shell, also called endocarp, is very tough to break and contains usually one single, dark brown, nut-like seed in diameter. The inside of the seed, also called endosperm, is a dry whit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolaus Joseph Von Jacquin
Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin (16 February 172726 October 1817) was a scientist who studied medicine, chemistry and botany. Biography Born in Leiden in the Netherlands, he studied medicine at Leiden University, then moved first to Paris and afterward to Vienna. In 1752, he studied under Gerard van Swieten in Vienna. Between 1755 and 1759, Jacquin was sent to the West Indies, Central America, Venezuela and New Granada by Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, Francis I to collect plants for the Schönbrunn Palace, and amassed a large collection of animal, plant and mineral samples. In 1797, Alexander von Humboldt profited from studying these collections and conversing with Jacquin in preparation of his own journey to the Americas. In 1763, Jacquin became professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the Mining Academy (Banská Štiavnica), Bergakademie Schemnitz (now Banská Štiavnica in Slovakia). In 1768, he was appointed Professor of Botany and Chemistry and became director of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Ring Disease
The red ring disease of coconuts and African oil palms is caused by the nematode ''Bursaphelenchus cocophilus''. It is also identified in literature with an alternative scientific name ''Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus''. The common name, red ring nematode, is derived from its distinguishing symptom. Significance This nematode can cause losses up to 80% in ''Elaeis guineensis'' (oilpalm) plantations, however, the losses typically range from 10 to 15% on coconut palms and oil palms. The most economically severe losses are in coconut, oilpalm, and dates.p.315, "''Bursaphelenchus cocophilus'' (red ring nematode) is vectored by ''Rhynchophorus palmarum'' weevils and causes red ring disease in several palm species in the Caribbean and Latin America."p.322, "The most economically important species attacked by ''B. cocophilus'' are coconut palm, the African oil palm, and the date palm." It and '' B. xylophilus'' are the only two economically significant diseases in ''Bursaphelenchus''.p.32 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf Spots
A leaf spot is a limited, discoloured, diseased area of a leaf that is caused by fungal, bacterial or viral plant diseases, or by injuries from nematodes, insects, environmental factors, toxicity or herbicides. These discoloured spots or lesions often have a centre of necrosis (cell death).Horst, R. (2008). Westcott’s Plant Disease Handbook (Seventh Edition.). Springer Netherlands. Symptoms can overlap across causal agents, however differing signs and symptoms of certain pathogens can lead to the diagnosis of the type of leaf spot disease. Prolonged wet and humid conditions promote leaf spot disease and most pathogens are spread by wind, splashing rain or irrigation that carry the disease to other leaves.Lucas, G., & Campbell, L. (1992). Introduction to Plant Diseases Identification and Management (2nd ed. 1992.). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7294-7 Description Leaf spots are a type of plant disease that are usually caused by pathogens and sometimes othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dysmicoccus Brevipes
''Dysmicoccus brevipes'' is a mealybug. The scientific name was published for the first time by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1893. The species is found primarily on pineapple and other species in the genus ''Ananas'', but also infests citrus trees, cotton, banana, coffee and other plants. Characteristics The adult ''Dysmicoccus brevipes'' has a pink to pink-orange coloured body. The body's shape varies from round till oval and is between 2.3 and 3.0 millimetres long. There are seventeen pairs of wax-producing glands which produce short wax filaments which conceal the body. The larvae are flattened and have long hairs. Ecology The species is ovoviviparous Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, ovivipary, or aplacental viviparity is a "bridging" form of reproduction between egg-laying oviparity, oviparous and live-bearing viviparity, viviparous reproduction. Ovoviviparous animals possess embryos that develo ..., and the female gives birth to live young, typically two or three hundre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Termites
Termites are a group of detritophagous eusocial cockroaches which consume a variety of decaying plant material, generally in the form of wood, leaf litter, and soil humus. They are distinguished by their moniliform antennae and the soft-bodied, unpigmented worker caste for which they have been commonly termed "white ants"; however, they are not ants but highly derived cockroaches. About 2,997 extant species are currently described, 2,125 of which are members of the family Termitidae. Termites comprise the infraorder Isoptera, or alternatively the epifamily Termitoidae, within the order Blattodea (the cockroaches). Termites were once classified in a separate order from cockroaches, but recent phylogenetic studies indicate that they evolved from cockroaches, as they are deeply nested within the group, and the sister group to wood-eating cockroaches of the genus '' Cryptocercus''. Previous estimates suggested the divergence took place during the Jurassic or Triassic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesocarp
Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Fruitlike structures may develop directly from the seed itself rather than the ovary, such as a fleshy aril or sarcotesta. The grains of grasses are single-seed simple fruits wherein the pericarp and seed coat are fused into one layer. This type of fruit is called a caryopsis. Examples include cereal grains, such as wheat, barley, oats and rice. Categories of fruits Fruits are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Aggregate fruits are formed from a single compound flower and contain many ovaries or fruitlets. Examples include raspberries and blackberries. Multiple fruits are formed from the fused ovaries of multiple flowers or inflorescence. An example of multiple fruits are the fig, mulberry, and the pineapple. Simple fruits are formed from a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicarp
Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Fruitlike structures may develop directly from the seed itself rather than the ovary, such as a fleshy aril or sarcotesta. The grains of grasses are single-seed simple fruits wherein the pericarp and seed coat are fused into one layer. This type of fruit is called a caryopsis. Examples include cereal grains, such as wheat, barley, oats and rice. Categories of fruits Fruits are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Aggregate fruits are formed from a single compound flower and contain many ovaries or fruitlets. Examples include raspberries and blackberries. Multiple fruits are formed from the fused ovaries of multiple flowers or inflorescence. An example of multiple fruits are the fig, mulberry, and the pineapple. Simple fruits are formed from a singl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drupaceous
In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is a type of fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pip'' (UK), ''pit'' (US), ''stone'', or ''pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel'') inside. Drupes do not split open to release the seed, i.e., they are indehiscent. These fruits usually develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovaries ( polypyrenous drupes are exceptions). The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard, woody ( lignified) stone is derived from the ovary wall of the flower. In an aggregate fruit, which is composed of small, individual drupes (such as a raspberry), each individual is termed a drupelet, and may together form an aggregate fruit. Such fruits are often termed ''berries'', although botanists use a different definition of ''berry''. Other fleshy fruits may have a stony enclosure that comes from the seed coat surrounding the seed, but such fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyacinth Macaw
The hyacinth macaw (''Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus''), or hyacinthine macaw, is a parrot native to central and eastern South America. With a length (from the top of its head to the tip of its long pointed tail) of about one meter it is longer than any other species of parrot. It is the largest macaw and the largest flying parrot species. While generally easily recognized, it could be confused with the smaller Lear's macaw. Habitat loss and the trapping of wild birds for the pet trade have taken a heavy toll on their population in the wild, so the species is classified as Vulnerable species, Vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's IUCN Red List, Red List, and it is protected by its listing on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Taxonomy It is one of two extant and one probably extinct species of the South American macaw genus ''Anodorhynchus''. English physician, ornithologist, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Naturalist On The River Amazons
''The Naturalist on the River Amazons'', subtitled ''A Record of the Adventures, Habits of Animals, Sketches of Brazilian and Indian Life, and Aspects of Nature under the Equator, during Eleven Years of Travel'', is an 1863 book by the British naturalist Henry Walter Bates about his expedition to the Amazon basin. Bates and his friend Alfred Russel Wallace set out to obtain new species and new evidence for evolution by natural selection, as well as exotic specimens to sell. He explored thousands of miles of the Amazon and its tributaries, and collected over 14,000 species, of which 8,000 were new to science. His observations of the coloration of butterflies led him to discover Batesian mimicry. The book contains an evenly distributed mixture of natural history, travel, and observation of human societies, including the towns with their Catholic processions. Only the most remarkable discoveries of animals and plants are described, and theories such as evolution and mimicry are b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Walter Bates
Henry Walter Bates (8 February 1825 – 16 February 1892) was an English natural history, naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals. He was most famous for his expedition to the Tropical rainforest, rainforests of the Amazon basin, Amazon with Alfred Russel Wallace, starting in 1848. Wallace returned in 1852, but lost his collection on the return voyage when his ship caught fire. When Bates arrived home in 1859 after a full eleven years, he had sent back over 14,712 species (mostly of insects) of which 8,000 were (according to Bates, but see Van Wyhe) new to science. Bates wrote up his findings in his best-known work, ''The Naturalist on the River Amazons'' (1863). Life Bates was born in Leicester to a literate middle-class family. However, like Wallace, Thomas Henry Huxley and Herbert Spencer, he had a normal education to the age of about 13 when he became apprenticed to a hosiery manufacturer. He joined the Mechanics' Institute (w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
