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Achuar People
The Achuar are an indigenous people of the Americas belonging to the Jivaroan family, alongside the Shuar, Shiwiar, Awajun, and Wampis (Perú). They are settled along the banks of the Pastaza River, Huasaga River, and on the borders between Ecuador and Perú. The word "Achuar" originates from the name of the large palm trees called "Achu" (Mauritia flexuosa) that are abundant in the swamps within their territory. In the past, the Achuar were traditionally feared warriors by the Shuar, known for their relentless pursuit of enemies. During the Cenepa War, the Achuar from Ecuador and Peru formed an alliance and maintained a neutral stance. Lifestyle Households Achuar life centers on the domestic household, which consists of a basic family unit often including close relatives. Although the Achuar ideal is household autonomy and independence in terms of subsistence economy, there are usually about ten to fifteen households within the society dispersed throughout the area but st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NMAI
The National Museum of the American Indian is a museum in the United States devoted to the culture of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. It is part of the Smithsonian Institution group of museums and research centers. The museum has three facilities. The National Museum of the American Indian on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., opened on September 21, 2004, on Fourth Street and Independence Avenue (Washington D.C.), Independence Avenue, Southwest. The George Gustav Heye Center, a permanent museum, is located at the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House in New York City, opened in October 1994. The Cultural Resources Center, a research and collections facility, is located in Suitland, Maryland, Suitland, Maryland. The foundations for the present collections were first assembled in the former Museum of the American Indian in New York City, which was established in 1916, and which became part of the Smithsonian in 1989. History Fundraising and advocacy for the creation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matrilocal Residence
In social anthropology, matrilocal residence or matrilocality (also uxorilocal residence or uxorilocality) is the societal system in which a married couple resides with or near the wife's parents. Description Frequently, visiting marriage is being practiced, meaning that husband and wife are living apart, in their separate birth families, and seeing each other in their spare time. The children of such marriages are raised by the mother's extended matrilineal clan. The father does not have to be involved in the upbringing of his own children; he is, however, in that of his sisters' children (his nieces and nephews). In direct consequence, property is inherited from generation to generation, and, overall, remains largely undivided. Matrilocal residence is found most often in horticultural societies. Examples of matrilocal societies include the people of Ngazidja in the Comoros, the Ancestral Puebloans of Chaco Canyon, the Nair community in Kerala in South India, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2019 Ecuadorian Protests
The 2019 Ecuadorian protests were a series of protests and riots against austerity measures including the cancellation of fuel subsidies, adopted by President of Ecuador Lenín Moreno and his administration. Organized protests ceased after indigenous groups and the Ecuadorian government reached a deal to reverse the austerity measures, beginning a collaboration on how to combat overspending and public debt. Background Beginning in 2007, President Rafael Correa established The Citizens' Revolution, a movement following left-wing policies, which some analysts described as populist. Correa was able to utilize the 2000s commodities boom to fund his policies, utilizing China's need for raw materials. Through China, Correa accepted loans that had few requirements, as opposed to firm limits set by other lenders. With this funding, Ecuador was able to invest in social welfare programs, reduce poverty and increase the average standard of living in Ecuador, while at the same time gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederation Of Indigenous Nationalities Of Ecuador
The Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador () or, more commonly, CONAIE, is Ecuador's largest indigenous rights organization. The Ecuadorian Indian movement under the leadership of CONAIE is often cited as the best-organized and most influential Indigenous movement in Latin America. Formed in 1986, CONAIE firmly established itself as a powerful national force in May and June 1990 when it played a role in organising a rural uprising on a national scale. Thousands of people blocked roads, paralyzed the transport system, and shut down the country for a week while making demands for bilingual education, agrarian reform, and recognition of the plurinational state of Ecuador. This was the largest uprising in Ecuador's history and established a new form of contention that would serve as a blueprint for a string of later uprisings. CONAIE-led uprisings had a role in the fall of president Abdalá Bucaram and subsequent drafting of a new constitution in 1998. CONAIE leade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaime Vargas Vargas
Jaime Vargas Vargas (born 21 July 1979) is an Ecuadorian Achuar indigenous leader. He was the president of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador for the 2017–2020 term. He was prominently involved as one of the leaders of the 2019 Ecuadorian protests against austerity measures implemented by the government of Lenín Moreno. His term was extended until 2021, at which point Vargas was deposed for having endorsed Andrés Arauz Andrés Arauz Galarza (born 6 February 1985) is an Ecuadorian politician and economist who ran for Vice President of Ecuador in the 2023 election. Arauz served as Minister of Knowledge and Human Talent in the Rafael Correa administration from ... in the second round of the 2021 Ecuadorian general election. References Ecuadorian people of indigenous peoples descent 21st-century indigenous leaders of the Americas Living people Ecuadorian activists 1979 births {{ethno-activist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayahuasca
AyahuascaPronounced as in the UK and in the US. Also occasionally known in English as ''ayaguasca'' (Spanish-derived), ''aioasca'' (Brazilian Portuguese-derived), or as ''yagé'', pronounced or . Etymologically, all forms but ''yagé'' descend from the compound Quechua word ''ayawaska'', from ''aya'' () and ''waska'' (). For more names for ayahuasca, see § Etymology. is a South American psychoactive decoction prepared from '' Banisteriopsis caapi'' vine and a dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-containing plant, used by Indigenous cultures in the Amazon and Orinoco basins as part of traditional medicine and shamanism. The word ayahuasca, originating from Quechuan languages spoken in the Andes, refers both to the ''B. caapi'' vine and the psychoactive brew made from it, with its name meaning “spirit rope” or “liana of the soul.” The specific ritual use of ayahuasca was widespread among Indigenous groups by the 19th century, though its precise origin is uncertain. Ayahuasca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affinity (law)
In law and in cultural anthropology, affinity is the kinship relationship created or that exists between two people as a result of someone's marriage. It is the relationship each party in the marriage has to the family of the other party in the marriage. It does not cover the marital relationship itself. Laws, traditions and customs relating to affinity vary considerably, sometimes ceasing with the death of one of the marriage partners through whom affinity is traced, and sometimes with the divorce of the marriage partners. In addition to kinship by marriage, "affinity" can sometimes also include kinship by adoption or a step relationship. Unlike blood relationships ( consanguinity), which may have genetic consequences, affinity is essentially a social or moral construct, at times backed by legal consequences. In law, affinity may be relevant in relation to prohibitions on incestuous sexual relations and in relation to whether particular couples are prohibited from marryin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduardo Viveiros De Castro
Eduardo Batalha Viveiros de Castro (born 1951) is a Brazilian anthropologist and a professor at the National Museum of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. He has published many books and articles which are considered important in anthropology and in Americanist ethnology, among them: ''Cannibal Metaphysics'', ''From the enemy's point of view: humanity and divinity in an Amazonian society'', ''Amazônia: etnologia e história indígena'' ("The Amazon: Ethnology and Indigenous History" - coeditor with Manuela Carneiro da Cunha), and ''A inconstância da alma selvagem e outros ensaios de antropologia'' ("The Inconstancy of the Indian Soul and other essays on Anthropology"). Born in Rio de Janeiro, Viveiros de Castro taught at the ''École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales'', the University of Chicago, and at the University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazonian Perspectivism
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{{disambiguation ...
Amazonian may refer to: *Amazonian (Mars), a geologic system and time period on the planet Mars * Amazon River, in South America **Amazon basin, that river's drainage basin **Amazon rainforest, rainforest covering most of the Amazon Basin *Relating to the Amazons, female warrior tribe in Greek mythology *Amazonian, an employee of the company Amazon.com *Amazonian, a fictional species in the ''Futurama'' episode "Amazon Women in the Mood" *Amazonians, people who live in the Amazon basin **Indigenous peoples in Brazil See also *Amazon (other) Amazon most often refers to: * Amazon River, in South America * Amazon rainforest, a rainforest covering most of the Amazon basin * Amazon (company), an American multinational technology company * Amazons, a tribe of female warriors in Greek mytho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animism
Animism (from meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. Animism perceives all things—animals, plants, rocks, rivers, weather systems, human handiwork, and in some cases words—as being animated, having agency and free will. Animism is used in anthropology of religion as a term for the belief system of many Indigenous peoples in contrast to the relatively more recent development of organized religions. Animism is a metaphysical belief which focuses on the supernatural universe: specifically, on the concept of the immaterial soul. Although each culture has its own mythologies and rituals, animism is said to describe the most common, foundational thread of indigenous peoples' "spiritual" or "supernatural" perspectives. The animistic perspective is so widely held and inherent to most indigenous peoples that they often do not even have a word in their languages that corresponds to "animism" (o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jivaroan Languages
The Chicham languages, also known as Jivaroan (''Hívaro'', ''Jívaro'', ''Jibaro'') is a small language family of northern Peru and eastern Ecuador. Family division Chicham consists of four languages: : 1. Shuar : 2. Achuar-Shiwiar : 3. Awajun : 4. Huambisa This language family is spoken in Amazonas, Cajamarca, Loreto, and San Martin, Peru and the Oriente region of Ecuador. Mason (1950) Internal classification of the Chicham languages by Mason (1950): * Chicham ** Aguaruna *** Alapico *** Indanza *** Iransa *** Maranza *** Santiago *** Patocuma *** Chiguasa *** Yuganza ** Wambisa *** Uambisa *** Cherembo *** Chirapa *** Chiwando *** Candoa *** Cangaime *** Mangosisa ** Achuale *** Capawari *** Copatasa *** Machine *** Pindu *** Wampoya ** Antipa ** Maca *** Walakisa *** Zamora *** Pintuc *** Ayuli *** Morona *** Miazal ** Upano ** Bolona ** Bracamoro (Pacamuru) Jolkesky (2016) Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016):Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achuar-Shiwiar Language
Shiwiar, also known as ''Achuar'', ''Jivaro'' and ''Maina'', is a Chicham language spoken along the Pastaza and Bobonaza rivers in Ecuador. Shiwiar is one of the thirteen indigenous languages of Ecuador. All of these indigenous languages are endangered. Speakers Shiwiar is a language spoken by the Achuar people of the Amazonian region of Ecuador. The Achuar people also speak Spanish, Shuar, and Kichwa along with their native language, Shiwiar. Shuar belongs to the same language family as Shiwiar – Jivaroan. Although the Achuar live in the Amazon Basin, the extracting of oil and raw materials from Ecuador through mining has displaced the Achuar communities and endangered their homes. While Ecuador's official language is Spanish, the Achuar people along with other indigenous groups have the right to use their own languages in education through the official language policies of Ecuador legalized in Decree No. 000529, Article 27, and the Dirección Nacional de Educación Indí ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
