Acetobacter
''Acetobacter'' is a genus of acetic acid bacteria. Acetic acid bacteria are characterized by the ability to convert ethanol to acetic acid in the presence of oxygen. Of these, the genus ''Acetobacter'' is distinguished by the ability to oxidize lactate and acetate into carbon dioxide and water. Bacteria of the genus ''Acetobacter'' have been isolated from industrial vinegar fermentation processes and are frequently used as fermentation starter cultures. History of research The acetic fermentation was demonstrated by Louis Pasteur, who discovered the first acetobacter - '' Acetobacter aceti'' - in 1864. In 1998, two strains of ''Acetobacter'' isolated from red wine and cider vinegar were named ''Acetobacter oboediens'' and '' Acetobacter pomorum''. In 2000, ''Acetobacter oboediens'' and ''Acetobacter intermedius'' were transferred to '' Gluconacetobacter'' on the basis of 16S rRNA sequencing. In 2002, ''Acetobacter cerevisiae'' and ''Acetobacter malorum'' were identified ...
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