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Acetoacetamide
Acetoacetamide is an organic compound with the formula . It is the amide of acetoacetic acid. It is produced by treating diketene with aqueous ammonia It results from degradation of the sweetner acesulfame potassium. Related compounds Acetoacetanilide () is the N-phenyl derivative of acetoacetamide. It is also prepared from diketene. It and various derivatives are used in the production of organic pigments called arylide yellows, one example being Pigment Yellow 74. Many analogues have been prepared. To make the dyes, acetoacetanilides are coupled to diazonium salts, "azo coupling In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an organic reaction, reaction between a diazonium compound () and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (). In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation ...".K. Hunger. W. Herbst "Pigments, Organic" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2012. References Acet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetoacetanilide
Acetoacetanilide is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(O)NHC6H5. It is the acetoacetamide derivative of aniline. It is a white solid that is poorly soluble in water. This chemical and many related compounds (prepared from various aniline derivatives) are used in the production of organic pigments called arylide yellows, one example being Pigment Yellow 74. Structure Acetoacetanilide crystallizes as the keto-amide tautomer according to X-ray crystallography. The molecules are linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which allows the benzoyl ketone to rotate out of the plane of the amide. For the general case of ''substituted'' acetoanilides, substituents on the aryl ring affect the balance of intra- vs intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The situation is illustrated by the 2' vs. 3' vs. 4' fluoro-substituted acetoacetanilides. Preparation and reactions Acetoacetanilide is prepared by acetoacetylation of aniline using diketene. Many analogues have been prepar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane ) and its derivatives are universally considered organic, but many others are sometimes considered inorganic, such as certain compounds of carbon with nitrogen and oxygen (e.g. cyanide ion , hydrogen cyanide , chloroformic acid , carbon dioxide , and carbonate ion ). Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, and even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a chemical compound, compound with the general formula , where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl functional group, groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the Polymer backbone, main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a Derivative (chemistry), derivative of a carboxylic acid () with the hydroxyl group () replaced by an amino group (); or, equivalently, an acyl group, acyl (alkanoyl) group () joined to an amino group. Common amides are formamide (), acetamide (), benzamide (), and dimethylformamide (). Some uncommon examples of amides are ''N''-chloroacetamide () and chloroformamide (). Amides are qualified as primary (chemistry), primary, secondary (chemistry), secondary, and tertiary (chemistry), tertiary according to the number of acyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetoacetic Acid
Acetoacetic acid ( IUPAC name: 3-oxobutanoic acid, also known as acetonecarboxylic acid or diacetic acid) is the organic compound with the formula CHCOCHCOOH. It is the simplest beta- keto acid, and like other members of this class, it is unstable. The methyl and ethyl esters, which are quite stable, are produced on a large scale industrially as precursors to dyes. Acetoacetic acid is a weak acid. Biochemistry Under typical physiological conditions, acetoacetic acid exists as its conjugate base, acetoacetate: : Unbound acetoacetate is primarily produced by liver mitochondria from its thioester with coenzyme A (CoA): : The acetoacetyl-CoA itself is formed by three routes: *3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA releases acetyl CoA and acetoacetate: *: *Acetoacetyl-CoA can come from beta oxidation of butyryl-CoA: *: *Condensation of pair of acetyl CoA molecules as catalyzed by thiolase. *: In mammals, acetoacetate produced in the liver (along with the other two " ketone bodies") is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diketene
Diketene is an organic compound with the molecular formula , and which is sometimes written as . It is formed by dimerization of ketene, . Diketene is a member of the oxetane family. It is used as a reagent in organic chemistry. It is a colorless liquid. Production Diketene is produced on commercial scale by dimerization of ketene. Reactions Heating or irradiation with UV light regenerates the ketene monomer: : Alkylated ketenes also dimerize with ease and form substituted diketenes. Diketene readily hydrolyzes in water forming acetoacetic acid. Its half-life in water is approximately 45 min. a 25 °C at . Certain diketenes with two aliphatic chains, such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKDs), are used industrially to improve hydrophobicity in paper. At one time acetic anhydride was prepared by the reaction of ketene with acetic acid: : ΔH = −63 kJ/mol Acetoacetylation Diketene also reacts with alcohols and amines to the corresponding acetoacetic acid deri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aqueous Ammonia
Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH3(aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a Salt (chemistry), salt with the chemical formula, composition , it is impossible to isolate samples of NH4OH. The ions and OH− do not account for a significant fraction of the total amount of ammonia except in extremely dilute solutions. The concentration of such solutions is measured in units of the Baumé scale (density), with 26 degrees Baumé (about 30% of ammonia by weight at ) being the typical high-concentration commercial product. Basicity of ammonia in water In aqueous solution, ammonia deprotonation, deprotonates a small fraction of the water to give ammonium and hydroxide according to the following chemical equilibrium, equilibrium: : NH3 + H2O ⇌ + OH−. In a 1 Molar concentra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acesulfame Potassium
Acesulfame potassium (, or ), also known as acesulfame K or Ace K, is a synthetic calorie-free sugar substitute (artificial sweetener) often marketed under the trade names Sunett and Sweet One. In the European Union, it is known under the E number (additive code) E950. It was discovered accidentally in 1967 by German chemist Karl Clauss at Hoechst AG (now Nutrinova). Acesulfame potassium is the potassium salt of 6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4(3''H'')-one 2,2-dioxide. It is a white crystalline powder with molecular formula and a molecular weight of 201.24 g/mol. Properties Acesulfame K is 200 times sweeter than sucrose (common sugar), as sweet as aspartame, about two-thirds as sweet as saccharin, and one-third as sweet as sucralose. Like saccharin, it has a slightly bitter aftertaste, especially at high concentrations. Kraft Foods patented the use of sodium ferulate to mask acesulfame's aftertaste. Acesulfame K is often blended with other sweeteners (usually sucralose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenyl
In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula , and is often represented by the symbol Ph (archaically φ) or Ø. The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen atom, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. A phenyl group has six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining carbon bonded to a substituent. Phenyl groups are commonplace in organic chemistry. Although often depicted with alternating double and single bonds, the phenyl group is chemically aromatic and has equal bond lengths between carbon atoms in the ring. Nomenclature Usually, a "phenyl group" is synonymous with and is represented by the symbol Ph (archaically, Φ), or Ø. Benzene is sometimes denoted as PhH. Phenyl groups are generally attached to other atoms or groups. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pigment
A pigment is a powder used to add or alter color or change visual appearance. Pigments are completely or nearly solubility, insoluble and reactivity (chemistry), chemically unreactive in water or another medium; in contrast, dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go into solution at some stage in their use. Dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic compound, inorganic. Pigments of prehistoric and historic value include ochre, charcoal, and lapis lazuli. Economic impact In 2006, around 7.4 million tons of inorganic chemistry, inorganic, organic chemistry, organic, and special pigments were marketed worldwide. According to an April 2018 report by ''Bloomberg Businessweek'', the estimated value of the pigment industry globally is $30 billion. The value of titanium dioxide – used to enhance the white brightness of many products – was placed at $13.2 billion per year, while the color Ferrari red is valued at $300 million each yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arylide Yellow
Arylide yellow, also known as Hansa yellow and monoazo yellow, is a family of organic compounds used as pigments. They are primarily used as industrial colorants including plastics, building paints and inks. They are also used in artistic oil paints, acrylics and watercolors. These pigments are usually semi-transparent and range from orange-yellow to yellow-greens. Related organic pigments are the diarylide pigments. Overall, these pigments have partially displaced the toxic cadmium yellow in the marketplace. Painters such as Alexander Calder and Jackson Pollock are known to have employed arylide yellow in their artworks. Production The compound is obtained by azo coupling of aniline and acetoacetanilide or their derivatives. The class of compounds was discovered in Germany in 1909. The initially formed diazo compound tautomerizes to give a ketohydrazone, which features extended pi-conjugation.K. Hunger. W. Herbst "Pigments, Organic" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pigment Yellow 74
Pigment Yellow 74 is an azo dye and classified as an arylide yellow. It is an intensely yellow-green solid. It is prepared by azo coupling of the diazonium derivative of 2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline with 2-methoxyacetoacetanilide Acetoacetanilide is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(O)NHC6H5. It is the acetoacetamide derivative of aniline. It is a white solid that is poorly soluble in water. This chemical and many related compounds (prepared from various .... It is a flat molecule, enforced by the hydrogen-bonding via the ketohydrazide group. Pigment Yellow 74 is a popular component of artist's paints and tattoo inks.{{cite journal , doi=10.1562/2004-04-06-ra-136.1 , title=Photodecomposition of Pigment Yellow 74, a Pigment Used in Tattoo Inks , date=2004 , last1=Cui , first1=Yanyan , last2=Spann , first2=Andrew P. , last3=Couch , first3=Letha H. , last4=Gopee , first4=Neera V. , last5=Evans , first5=Frederick E. , last6=Churchwell , first6=Mona I. , last7=Wil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diazonium Salt
Diazonium compounds or diazonium salts are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group where R can be any organic group, such as an alkyl or an aryl, and X is an inorganic or organic anion, such as a halide. The parent, compound where R is hydrogen, is diazenylium. Structure and general properties Arene derivatives According to X-ray crystallography the linkage is linear in typical diazonium salts. The bond distance in benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate is 1.083(3) Å, which is almost identical to that for dinitrogen molecule (N≡N). The linear free energy constants σm and σp indicate that the diazonium group is strongly electron-withdrawing. Thus, the diazonio-substituted phenols and benzoic acids have greatly reduced p''K''a values compared to their unsubstituted counterparts. The p''K''a of phenolic proton of 4-hydroxybenzenediazonium is 3.4, versus 9.9 for phenol itself. In other words, the diazonium group raises the ionization constant ''K'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
