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Acantholyda Erythrocephala
''Acantholyda erythrocephala'' is a species of sawfly in the family Pamphiliidae commonly known as the red-headed pine sawfly or the pine false webworm."False" because "webworm" is commonly applied to various moth larvae that form conspicuous webs. Native to Europe, it has been introduced into North America where it has become invasive. Description Fully-grown larvae of ''A. erythrocephala'' have yellowish heads spotted with dark brown, and greenish-grey bodies with purplish longitudinal stripes on the top and sides. Distribution The species is native to Europe and was introduced to North America in 1925, where it has become widespread in northern parts of the United States and Canada, where it is a major pest of white pine (''Pinus strobus''). Other trees infested include Scots pine (''Pinus sylvestris'') and red pine (''Pinus resinosa''). Life cycle Adults emerge in late spring, and after mating, the female lays eggs on the previous year's needles. The eggs hatch in about t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frass
Frass refers loosely to the more or less solid excreta of insects, and to certain other related matter. Definition and etymology ''Frass'' is an informal term and accordingly it is variously used and variously defined. It is derived from the German word ''Fraß'', which means the food takeup of an animal.M. Clark and O. Thyen. The Oxford-Duden German Dictionary. Publisher: Oxford University Press 1999. The English usage applies to excreted residues of anything that insects had eaten, and similarly, to other chewed or mined refuse that insects leave behind. It does not generally refer to fluids such as honeydew, but the point does not generally arise, and is largely ignored in this article. Such usage in English originated in the mid-nineteenth century at the latest. Modern technical English sources differ on the precise definition, though there is little actual direct contradiction on the practical realities. One glossary from the early twentieth century speaks of "...excreme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sawflies
Sawflies are the insects of the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera, alongside ants, bees, and wasps. The common name comes from the saw-like appearance of the ovipositor, which the females use to cut into the plants where they lay their eggs. The name is associated especially with the Tenthredinoidea, by far the largest superfamily in the suborder, with about 7,000 known species; in the entire suborder, there are 8,000 described species in more than 800 genera. Symphyta is paraphyletic, consisting of several basal groups within the order Hymenoptera, each one rooted inside the previous group, ending with the Apocrita which are not sawflies. The primary distinction between sawflies and the Apocrita – the ants, bees, and wasps – is that the adults lack a "wasp waist", and instead have a broad connection between the abdomen and the thorax. Some sawflies are Batesian mimics of wasps and bees, and the ovipositor can be mistaken for a stinger. Sawflies vary in le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphabaculovirus
''Alphabaculovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family ''Baculoviridae''. The natural hosts of species in this family are invertebrates, among them winged insects ( Lepidopterans, Hymenopterans, Dipterans), and decapods. However, species in this genus have been isolated only from Lepidoptera. There are 56 species in the genus. Taxonomy The following species are assigned to the genus: * '' Adoxophyes honmai nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus A'' * '' Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus B'' * '' Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''Buzura suppressaria nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''Catopsilia pomona nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''Choristoneura fumiferana DEF multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Choristoneura fumiferana multiple nucleopoly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neodiprion Abietis
''Neodiprion abietis'', commonly known as the balsam fir sawfly, is a species of insect in the family Diprionidae. It is found in North America from Canada to northern Mexico and is phytophagous, feeding on the needles of coniferous trees.G. Knerer, C.E. Atwood (1973). Diprionid sawflies: polymorphism and speciation. Changes in diapause and choice of food plants led to new evolutionary units. Science, USA, 179(4078), 1090-1099. Evolutionary relationship ''N. abietis'' is considered to arise from a monophyletic group.C.R. Linnen and B.D. Farrell (2008). Phylogenetic Analysis of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genes Reveals Evolutionary Relationships and Mitochondrial Introgression in the Sertifer Species Group of the Genus Neodiprion (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 48(1): 240-257. Internal anatomy The larva of ''N. abietis'' have salivary glands with a lumen that is lined by microvilli and it also has a single layer of epithelial cells present. More ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ontario
Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Canada, it is Canada's most populous province, with 38.3 percent of the country's population, and is the second-largest province by total area (after Quebec). Ontario is Canada's fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included. It is home to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, and the nation's most populous city, Toronto, which is Ontario's provincial capital. Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west, Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north, and Quebec to the east and northeast, and to the south by the U.S. states of (from west to east) Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Almost all of Ontario's border with the United States f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Pest Control
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, such as insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases, using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role. It can be an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. There are three basic strategies for biological pest control: classical (importation), where a natural enemy of a pest is introduced in the hope of achieving control; inductive (augmentation), in which a large population of natural enemies are administered for quick pest control; and inoculative (conservation), in which measures are taken to maintain natural enemies through regular reestablishment. Natural enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents, include predators, parasitoids, pathogens, and competitors. Biological control agents of plant diseases are most often referred to as antagonists. Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxexoristops Hertingi
''Myxexoristops'' is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae. Species *'' Myxexoristops abietis'' Herting, 1964 *'' Myxexoristops arctica'' (Zetterstedt, 1838) *'' Myxexoristops bicolor'' (Villeneuve, 1908) *'' Myxexoristops blondeli'' (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) *'' Myxexoristops bondsdorff'' (Zetterstedt, 1859) *''Myxexoristops fronto'' (Coquillett, 1897) *''Myxexoristops grandicornis'' Mesnil, 1957 *'' Myxexoristops hertingi'' Mesnil, 1955 *''Myxexoristops neurotomae'' (Sellers, 1943) *''Myxexoristops stolida ''Myxexoristops stolida'' is a species of bristle fly in the family Tachinidae. Distribution British Isles, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Bulgaria, Italy, Austria, Belgium, G ...'' ( Stein, 1924) References Exoristinae Brachycera genera Taxa named by Charles Henry Tyler Townsend Diptera of North America Diptera of Asia Diptera of Europe {{goniini-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tachinidae
The Tachinidae are a large and variable family of true flies within the insect order Diptera, with more than 8,200 known species and many more to be discovered. Over 1,300 species have been described in North America alone. Insects in this family commonly are called tachinid flies or simply tachinids. As far as is known, they all are protelean parasitoids, or occasionally parasites, of arthropods, usually other insects. The family is known from many habitats in all zoogeographical regions and is especially diverse in South America. Life cycle Reproductive strategies vary greatly between Tachinid species, largely, but not always clearly, according to their respective life cycles. This means that they tend to be generalists rather than specialists. Comparatively few are restricted to a single host species, so there is little tendency towards the close co-evolution one finds in the adaptations of many specialist species to their hosts, such as are typical of protelean paras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable strategy, evolutionary strategies within parasitism, distinguished by the fatal prognosis for the host, which makes the strategy close to predation. Among parasitoids, strategies range from living inside the host (''endoparasitism''), allowing it to continue growing before emerging as an adult, to Paralysis, paralysing the host and living outside it (''ectoparasitism''). Hosts can include other parasitoids, resulting in hyperparasitism; in the case of oak galls, up to five levels of parasitism are possible. Some parasitoids Behavior-altering parasite, influence their host's behaviour in ways that favour the propagation of the parasitoid. Parasitoids are found in a variety of Taxon, taxa across the insect superorder Endopterygota, whose compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinus Resinosa
''Pinus resinosa'', known as red pine (also Norway pine in Minnesota), is a pine native to North America. Description Red pine is a coniferous evergreen tree characterized by tall, straight growth. It usually ranges from in height and in trunk diameter, exceptionally reaching tall. The crown is conical, becoming a narrow rounded dome with age. The bark is thick and gray-brown at the base of the tree, but thin, flaky and bright orange-red in the upper crown; the tree's name derives from this distinctive character. Some red color may be seen in the fissures of the bark. The species is self pruning; there tend not to be dead branches on the trees, and older trees may have very long lengths of branchless trunk below the canopy. The leaves are needle-like, dark yellow-green, in fascicles of two, long, and brittle. The leaves snap cleanly when bent; this character, stated as diagnostic for red pine in some texts, is however shared by several other pine species. The cones are s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10th Edition Of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of ''Species Plantarum''. Starting point Before 1758, most biological catalogues had used polynomial names for the taxa included, including earlier editions of ''Systema Naturae''. The first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature across the animal kingdom was the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature therefore chose 1 January 1758 as the "starting point" for zoological nomenclature, and asserted that the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' was to be treated as if published on that date. Names published before that date are unavailable, even if they would otherwise satisfy the rules. The onl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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