|
Academic Laurel
Academic Laurel (Polish: Wawrzyn Akademicki) is a Polish decoration established in 1934 during the period of the Second Polish Republic, awarded annually to individuals who have made significant contributions to literature, as proposed by the Polish Academy of Literature The Polish Academy of Literature () was one of the most important state institutions of literary life in the Second Polish Republic, operating between 1933 and 1939 with the headquarters in Warsaw. It was founded by the decree of the Council of .... History and awarding The decoration was established by the decree of the Minister of Religious Affairs and Public Education on February 21, 1934. The Laurel was awarded to individuals who have contributed to Polish literature through: # outstanding literary creativity, # outstanding activity in the field of care for Polish literature, # outstanding editorial or organizational work in the field of literature, # promoting a passion for Polish literature, # promot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 21
Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The Prussian Confederation is formed. 1601–1900 * 1613 – Mikhail I is unanimously elected Tsar by a national assembly, beginning the Romanov dynasty of Imperial Russia. * 1797 – A force of 1,400 French soldiers invaded Britain at Fishguard in support of the Society of United Irishmen. They were defeated by 500 British reservists. * 1804 – The first self-propelling steam locomotive makes its outing at the Pen-y-Darren Ironworks in Wales. * 1808 – Without a previous declaration of war, Russian troops cross the border to Sweden at Abborfors in eastern Finland, thus beginning the Finnish War, in which Sweden will lose the eastern half of the country (i.e. Finland) to Russia. * 1828 – Initial issue of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934
Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of XI (''Extreme''), killing an estimated 6,000–10,700 people. * February 6 – 6 February 1934 crisis, French political crisis: The French far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon, in an attempted coup d'état against the French Third Republic, Third Republic. * February 9 ** Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France. ** Second Hellenic Republic, Greece, Kingdom of Romania, Romania, Turkey and Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia form the Balkan Pact. * February 12–February 15, 15 – Austrian Civil War: The Fatherland Front (Austria), Fatherland Front consolidates its power in a series of clashes across the country. * February 16 – The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Language
Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers. It ranks as the sixth-most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional Dialects of Polish, dialects. It maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, Honorifics (linguistics), honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (, , , , , , , , ) to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet. The traditional set compri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I. The Second Republic was taken over in 1939, after it was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Polish government-in-exile was established in Paris and later London after the fall of France in 1940. When, after several regional conflicts, most importantly the victorious Polish-Soviet war, the borders of the state were finalized in 1922, Poland's neighbours were Czechoslovakia, Germany, the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, and the Soviet Union. It had access to the Baltic Sea via a short strip of coastline known as the Polish Corridor on either side of the city of Gdynia. Between March and August 1939, Poland a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polska Akademia Literatury
The Polish Academy of Literature () was one of the most important state institutions of literary life in the Second Polish Republic, operating between 1933 and 1939 with the headquarters in Warsaw. It was founded by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Republic (Rada Ministrów RP). The academy was the highest opinion-forming authority in the country, in charge of all aspects of promoting and honoring the most outstanding contemporary achievements of Polish literature. According to its own statute, the main objective of the academy was to raise the quality level of Poland's publishing, while working in conjunction with the government efforts and NGO endeavors focused on the advancement of Polish culture and art in general. The century of Partitions of Poland, foreign Partitions of Poland, ending in 1918, was marked by the forcible suppression of Polish education, language and religion under Prussian (and later German rule, see Kulturkampf),Maciej JanowskiFrederick's "Iro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Religious Affairs And Public Education (Poland)
The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education () was a Polish ministry that existed in the years 1918-1939. Following World War II, it was superseded by the Ministry of National Education (Poland), Ministry of National Education. Ministers :1917–1918. Antoni Ponikowski :1918–1919. Ksawery Prauss. :1919. Jan ŁukasiewiczMarian Marek Drozdowski, ''Ignacy Jan Paderewski: Zarys Biografii Politycznej'', Wyd. Interpress, 1986, s. 142. :1919–1920. Tadeusz Łopuszański. :1920–1921. Maciej Rataj. :1921–1922. Antoni Ponikowski. :1922. Julian Nowak. :1922. Kazimierz Władysław Kumaniecki. :1922–1923. Józef Mikułowski-Pomorski. :1923. Stanisław Głąbiński. :1923. Stanisław Grabski :1923–1924. Bolesław Miklaszewski. :1924–1925. Jan Zawidzki :1925–1926. Stanisław Grabski. :1926. Józef Mikułowski-Pomorski. :1926. Antoni Sujkowski. :1926–1927. Kazimierz Bartel. :1927–1928. Gustaw Dobrucki. :1928–1929. Kazimierz Świtalski. :1929–1931. Sławomir C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awards Established In 1934
An award, sometimes called a distinction, is given to a recipient as a token of recognition of excellence in a certain field. When the token is a medal, ribbon or other item designed for wearing, it is known as a decoration. An award may be described by three aspects: 1) to whom it is given to 2) what 3) by whom, all varying according to purpose. The recipient is often awarded to an individual, a student, athlete or representative of a group of people, be it an organisation, a sports team or a whole country. The award item may be a decoration or an insignia suitable for wearing, such as a medal, badge, award pin or rosette. It can also be a token object such as a certificate, diploma, championship belt, trophy or plaque. The award may also be accompanied by a title of honor, and an object of direct cash value, such as prize money or a scholarship. Furthermore, an is an award given, typically in education, that does not confer the recipient(s) a higher standing but is co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orders, Decorations, And Medals Of Poland
The following is a list of medals, awards and decorations in use in Poland. Most of them are awarded by the Polish Army, but some are civilian decorations that may be worn by the military personnel. Most of these decorations ceased to be awarded; some were awarded before World War II only, and some in the People's Republic of Poland only; order of some of them was changed by law. The state awards may be awarded only by the President of Poland. The order of precedence was last reformed in 2007. The order of precedence is: 6 orders (''order'') in specific order of precedence (see table below); other orders in order they were received; 12 crosses (''krzyż''), 3 medals (''medal'') and 6 stars (''gwiazda'') in specific order of precedence; other crosses and awards in order they were received. National orders Military orders Currently recognized state awards subject to order of precedence Presidential awards Ministerial awards Former awards See also * List of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Literary Awards
Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwriters * Kevin Polish, an American Paralympian archer Polish may refer to: * Polishing, the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing or chemical action ** French polishing, polishing wood to a high gloss finish * Nail polish * Shoe polish * Polish (screenwriting), improving a script in smaller ways than in a rewrite See also * * * Polishchuk (surname) * Polonaise (other) A polonaise ()) is a stately dance of Polish origin or a piece of music for this dance. Polonaise may also refer to: * Polonaises (Chopin), compositions by Frédéric Chopin ** Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 (, ''Heroic Polonaise''; ) * Polon ... {{Disambiguation, surname Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Academy Of Literature
The Polish Academy of Literature () was one of the most important state institutions of literary life in the Second Polish Republic, operating between 1933 and 1939 with the headquarters in Warsaw. It was founded by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Republic (Rada Ministrów RP). The academy was the highest opinion-forming authority in the country, in charge of all aspects of promoting and honoring the most outstanding contemporary achievements of Polish literature. According to its own statute, the main objective of the academy was to raise the quality level of Poland's publishing, while working in conjunction with the government efforts and NGO endeavors focused on the advancement of Polish culture and art in general. The century of Partitions of Poland, foreign Partitions of Poland, ending in 1918, was marked by the forcible suppression of Polish education, language and religion under Prussian (and later German rule, see Kulturkampf),Maciej JanowskiFrederick's "Iro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
