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Abu Jahl
Amr ibn Hisham (), better known as Abū Jahl (; ) was the Meccan Quraysh polytheist leader of the Mushrikites known for his opposition to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the most prominent flag-bearer of opposition towards Islam. A prominent head of the Makhzum clan, Amr was known as ''Abu al-Hakam'' ('Father of Wisdom') among pre-Islamic Arabs. After Muhammad started preaching monotheism, Amr opposed him and often physically attacked early Muslims. He persecuted many Muslim converts, including Sumayya, and Yasir ibn Amir. His cruel torture methods towards Muslims made Muhammad give him the title ''Abu Jahl'' ('Father of Ignorance') and ''Firawn al-Umma'' ('Pharaoh of the Nation'). Following the migration to Medina, Amr gathered a large army of polytheists to attack Medina and kill Muslims. On 13 March 624, the Battle of Badr took place, in which Amr was a major leader. In the battle, Amr was fatally wounded by Mu'awwidh ibn Amr and Mu'ādh ibn 'Amr and eventually kille ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medina
Medina, officially al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (, ), also known as Taybah () and known in pre-Islamic times as Yathrib (), is the capital of Medina Province (Saudi Arabia), Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia. It is one of the oldest and most important places in Islamic history. The Holiest sites in Islam, second holiest city in Islam, the population as of 2022 is 1,411,599, making it the List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia, fourth-most populous city in the country. Around 58.5% of the population are Saudi citizens and 41.5% are foreigners. Located at the core of the Medina Province in the western reaches of the country, the city is distributed over , of which constitutes the city's urban area, while the rest is occupied by the Hijaz Mountains, Hejaz Mountains, empty valleys, Agriculture in Saudi Arabia, agricultural spaces and older dormant volcanoes. Medina is generally considered to be the "cradle of Islamic culture and ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Harith Ibn Hisham
Al-Ḥārith ibn Hishām ibn al-Mughīra ibn ʿAbd Allāh (died 634, 636 or 639), was a companion of Muhammad, a noble of the Banu Makhzum and a participant in the Muslim conquest of Syria until his death. Life Al-Harith was a son of the prominent pre-Islamic Qurayshite Hisham ibn al-Mughira of the Banu Makhzum clan in Mecca. Al-Harith's brother was Abu Jahl, the leader of Meccan opposition to the Islamic prophet Muhammad until his death at the Battle of Badr in 624. Al-Harith also fought against the Muslims at Badr and again at the Battle of Uhud near Medina in 627. Al-Harith embraced Islam during Muhammad's conquest of Mecca in 629/30. Afterward, he fought in the Muslim army against the Arab polytheists at the Battle of Hunayn in 630 and was given a share of the war spoils from that engagement. Al-Harith participated in the Muslim conquest of Syria, successively fighting in the battles of Ajnadayn in Palestine and Fahl in Transjordan, both in 634. He fought under his paternal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayyash Ibn Abi Rabi'a
} ʿAyyāsh ibn Abī Rabīʿa () was one of the Islamic prophet Muhammad's companions who converted to Islam before the migration to Medina. He was also a half brother of Abu Jahl as they shared the same mother, and his paternal cousin. Imprisonment by Abu Jahl Ayyash was one of the immigrants who went to Medina before Muhammad. He migrated with Umar ibn Khattab. Abu Jahl decided to get him back and spread a false story that Ayyash's mother was ill. Abu Jahl went to Medina with his brother Harith and told Ayyash that his mother was ill. Umar warned Ayyash not to go, and gave his own healthy camel to Ayyash to help him escape if needed. On the way to Mecca, Abu Jahl tied Ayyash and took him to Mecca and then imprisoned him. Muhammad's prayer Salama ibn Hisham said that Abu Hurayra said that Muhammad used to pray, "O' Allah, rescue Ayyash ibn Abi Rabia! O' Allah, rescue Salama ibn Hisham! O' Allah, rescue al-Walid ibn al-Walid! O' Allah, rescue all oppressed believers!" (Sahih Buk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Walid Ibn Al-Walid
Al-Walid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira () was an early companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Al-Walid belonged to the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca and was a brother of the prominent Muslim commander Khalid ibn al-Walid. He fought with the Quraysh against Muhammad at the Battle of Badr in 624, during which many of his clansmen were slain. He was captured by the Muslims during the battle, but was released and embraced Islam. Upon his return to Mecca, he was shackled and imprisoned. According to the history of al-Tabari (d. 923), al-Walid and his Makhzumite kinsmen Salama ibn Hisham (a brother of Abu Jahl) and Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi'a emigrated from Mecca to join Muhammad and his followers in Medina, where he later died of heart failure. He was mourned by Muhammad's Makhzumite wife Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya (, Hind ʾibnat ʾAbī ʾUmayya, 580 or 596 – 680 or 683), better known as Umm Salamah () or Hind al-Makhzūmiyya () was the sixth wife of Muhammad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Muhajir Ibn Abi Umayya
Al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayya ibn al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah () was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from the Banu Makhzum clan and a Muslim commander active in Yemen during the Ridda wars (632–633). Life Al-Muhajir's birth name was al-Walid until it was changed to al-Muhajir (the Emigrant) by Muhammad; the latter noted that one of the Pharaohs bore the name al-Walid and that the name was used so excessively by the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe to which al-Muhajir belonged that it practically became a deity of the clan. Al-Muhajir's father was Abu Umayya Suhayl, a son of al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah, a prominent pre-Islamic leader of the Makhzum in Mecca. Abu Umayya was well known for his generosity to traveling companions on the road and was popularly known as Zad al-Rakb (Provider for the Passengers). Al-Muhajir's mother was Atika bint Amir from the Firas clan of the Kinana tribe, which was noted for its martial prowess. Al-Muhajir's sister was Umm Salama, one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umm Salama
Hind bint Abi Umayya (, Hind ʾibnat ʾAbī ʾUmayya, 580 or 596 – 680 or 683), better known as Umm Salamah () or Hind al-Makhzūmiyya () was the sixth wife of Muhammad. "Umm Salama" was her '' kunya'' meaning, "mother of Salama". She was one of the most influential female companions of Muhammad. She is recognized largely for recalling numerous Hadiths, or sayings and narrations attributed to Muhammad. Twelver Shia Muslims believe that Umm Salama was Muhammad's most important wife after Khadija. Before marriage with Muhammad Umm Salama's birth name was Hind.Hazrath Umme Salma Umme Salma went through trials and tribulations following her conversion to Islam Her father was Abu Umayya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Walid Ibn Al-Mughira
Al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (; 550 – 622 AD) was the chief of the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe. Family He was the son of al-Mughīra ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ibn Makhzūm. Sons: # Khālid ibn al-Walīd. His mother was Walid's wife, Lubāba as-Sughrá, that is, al-Asmā bint al-Ḥārith ibn al-Ḥazn. However, neither Khalid nor his brothers had as yet converted to Islam at the time of their father's death. #Hishām ibn al-Walīd. # Walīd ibn al-Walīd. # Ammara ibn Walid or ʿUmāra Sources mention an Umar ibn Walid ibn Mughīra, but it is unclear whether he was the son of Walīd. Daughters: # Najiya bint al-Walid ibn al-Mughira who was married to Safwan ibn Umayya # Fāṭima bint al-Walīd who was married to Ḥārith ibn Hishām ibn al-Mughīrah of Banu Makhzum clan. Fatima was the mother of Umm Ḥakīm who was married to ʿIkrima ibn Abi Jahl followed by Khālid ibn Saʿīd. Attitude to Islam When the Quraysh leaders saw that Islamic prophet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Umayya Ibn Al-Mughira
Abū Umayya ibn Al-Mughīra (ابو ٱمية بن المغيرة), whose original name was Suhayl and whose by-name was ''Zād ar-Rākib'' ("the Travellers' Provider")Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). ''Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors''. Albany: State University of New York Press. was the chief of Mecca in the early seventh century. Family He was the son of Mughīrah ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzūm, hence a member of the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe. Among his brothers were the following. # Abu Ḥudhayfa.Muhammad ibn Ishaq. ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. #Abdullah. #Al-As. #Azwar. # Walīd, father of Khalid ibn al-Walid. #Hafs, first husband of Hind bint Utbah.Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mughira Ibn Abd Allah
Al-Mughīra ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar () was a preeminent leader of the Quraysh tribe's Banu Makhzum clan in Mecca in the 6th century. His descendants, the Banu al-Mughira, became the principle house of the Makhzum for the remainder of the pre-Islamic period and in the centuries following the advent of Islam in the 620s. Life and legacy Al-Mughira was the son of Abd Allah ibn Umar and a great-grandson of the eponymous progenitor of the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. He was likely active as a leader of his clan and tribe in the mid-6th century CE, a period in which Mecca, traditionally a pilgrimage center for the polytheistic Arabs during the pre-Islamic period, was becoming a political center as well. Al-Mughira was a contemporary of Abd al-Muttalib of the Quraysh's Banu Hashim clan and the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Anecdotes recorded by the 8th- and 9th-century historians Mus'ab al-Zubayri and al-Baladhuri mention that al-Mughira provoked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banu Hanzala
Banu Hanzala ibn Malik () is a historical Arab tribe that inhabited al-Yamama in the Arabian Peninsula. It is a branch of the larger Banu Tamim tribe. Ancestry According to Arabic genealogical works, the Banu Hanzala tribe is recorded as descended from Hanzala ibn Malik ibn Zayd Manat ibn Tamim ibn Murr ibn 'Id ibn Amr ibn Ilyas ibn Mudar ibn Nizar ibn Ma'ad ibn Adnan. And Hanzala had eight sons: Malik, Yarbu', Rabi'a, 'Amr, Murra, Ghalib, Kalfa and Qays. The sub-clans of Banu Hanzala are: * Banu Darim * Banu Yarbu' * Banu Tahiuh * Barajim History Banu Hanzala is mentioned by Yaqut in the battle of ''Yawm Dhi Najab'', one of the Ayyam al-Arab battles''.'' The battle was fought between Banu Amir with the help of Kindite king Akil al-Murar against Banu Hanzala. The Banu Amir marched in great numbers, and the two sides clashed in a place called Najba. Banu Hanzala came out victorious. The Kindite king Akil al-Murar was killed in the battle while many important figures of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Pre-Islamic Arabia is the Arabian Peninsula and its northern extension in the Syrian Desert before the rise of Islam. This is consistent with how contemporaries used the term ''Arabia'' or where they said Arabs lived, which was not limited to the peninsula. Pre-Islamic Arabia included both nomadic and settled populations. Several settled populations developed distinctive civilizations. From around the second half of the 2nd millennium BCE, South Arabia, Southern Arabia was the home to a number of kingdoms, such as the Sabaeans and the Minaeans, and Eastern Arabia was inhabited by Semitic-speaking peoples who presumably migrated from the southwest, such as the so-called Samad Late Iron Age, Samad population.Kenneth A. Kitchen The World of "Ancient Arabia" Series. Documentation for Ancient Arabia. Part I. Chronological Framework and Historical Sources p.110 From 106 CE to 630 CE, Arabia's most northwestern areas were controlled by the Roman Empire, which governed it as Arabia Petrae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
