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Abdulkadir Dheel
Abdulkadir Dheel (, ) (d. 3 July 1972) was a prominent Somali military figure. Career A Colonel in the Somali National Army (SNA), Abdulkadir Dheel was among the military officials that were executed by the government on suspicion of involvement in a coup d'état in 1971. Dheel left the army after disagreements with Siad Barre. In May 1971, Radio Mogadishu announced a plot to overthrow the Siad Barre regime and the subsequent arrest of Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council General Mohamed Caynaanshe and Defence Minister Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gebeyre Kediye. Dheel was later arrested and implicated in the coup attempt. He was executed on 3 July 1972 along with Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and General Mohamed Ainanshe Guleid. The execution was widely seen as a dark chapter in Somali history given the fact that Dheel was not politically active when the coup attempt took place nor was he affiliated with his erstwhile colleagues. Prior to being execu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mogadishu
Mogadishu, locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and List of cities in Somalia by population, most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port connecting traders across the Indian Ocean for millennia and has an estimated urban population of 2,610,483. Mogadishu is located in the coastal Banaadir region on the Indian Ocean, which, unlike other Somali regions, is considered a municipality rather than a (federal state). Mogadishu has a long history, which ranges from the ancient history, ancient period up until the present, serving as the capital of the Sultanate of Mogadishu in the 9th-13th century, which for many centuries controlled the Indian Ocean gold trade and eventually came under the Ajuran Sultanate in the 13th century which was an important player in the medieval Silk Road maritime trade. Mogadishu enjoyed the height of its prosperity during the 14th and 15th centuries and was during the early modern period considered the wealthiest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Of Somalia
The Somali Armed Forces are the military forces of the Federal Republic of Somalia. Headed by the president as commander-in-chief, they are constitutionally mandated to ensure the nation's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. In 1990 the Armed Forces were made up of the Army, Air Force, Air Defence Force, and Navy. From the early 1960s to 1977, the period when good relations existed between Somalia and the Soviet Union, the Armed Forces had the largest armored and mechanized force in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to Barre's increasing reliance on his own clan, splitting the Armed Forces along clan lines, and the Somali Rebellion, by 1988 they began to disintegrate. By the time President Siad Barre fled Mogadishu in January 1991, the last cohesive army grouping, the 'Red Berets,' had deteriorated into a clan militia. An unsteady rebuilding process began after 2000, and gained pace after the Djibouti Agreement of 2008. The northeastern region of Puntland maintains its o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonel
Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of a regiment in an army. Modern usage varies greatly, and in some cases, the term is used as an Colonel (title), honorific title that may have no direct relationship to military. In some smaller military forces, such as those of Monaco or the Holy See, Vatican, colonel is the highest Military rank, rank. Equivalent naval ranks may be called Captain (naval), captain or ship-of-the-line captain. In the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth's air force ranking system, the equivalent rank is group captain. History and origins By the end of the late medieval period, a group of "companies" was referred to as a "column" of an army. According to Raymond Oliver, , the Spanish began explicitly reorganizing part of thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali People
The Somali people (, Wadaad: , Arabic: ) are a Cushitic ethnic group and nation native to the Somali Peninsula. who share a common ancestry, culture and history. The East Cushitic Somali language is the shared mother tongue of ethnic Somalis, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim.Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1 Forming one of the largest ethnic groups on the continent, they cover one of the most expansive landmasses by a single ethnic group in Africa. According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its native inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. This ancient historical kingdom is where a great portion of their cultural traditions and ancestry are said to derive from.Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life By Christine El MahdyAncient perspectives on Egypt By Roger Matthews, Cornelia Roemer, Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coup D'état
A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup , is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power through illegal means. By one estimate, there were 457 coup attempts from 1950 to 2010, half of which were successful. Most coup attempts occurred in the mid-1960s, but there were also large numbers of coup attempts in the mid-1970s and the early 1990s. Coups occurring in the post-Cold War period have been more likely to result in democratic systems than Cold War coups, though coups still mostly perpetuate authoritarianism. Many factors may lead to the occurrence of a coup, as well as determine the success or failure of a coup. Once a coup is underway, coup success is driven by coup-makers' ability to get others to believe that the coup attempt will be successful. The number of successful cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siad Barre
Mohammed Siad Barre (, Osmanya script: , ''Muhammad Ziād Barīy''; 6 October 1919 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali military officer, politician, and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 January 1991. Barre, the commander of the Somali National Army, became president of Somalia after the 1969 Somali coup d'état, 1969 coup d'état that overthrew the Somali Republic following the assassination of President Abdirashid Shermarke. The Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia), Supreme Revolutionary Council military junta under Barre reconstituted Somalia as a one-party Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist communist state, renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic and adopted scientific socialism. Barre spoke three languages, English language, English, Somali language, Somali and Italian language, Italian. Barre's early rule was characterised by attempts at widespread modernization, nationalization of banks and industry, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)
The Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC; , , ) was the governmental body that ruled Somalia from 1969 to 1976. In 1980, a state of emergency was declared and the SRC was reinstated. History Assassination of President and coup d'état On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards.Moshe Y. Sachs, ''Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations'', Volume 2, (Worldmark Press: 1988), p.290. His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on the afternoon of 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power without encountering armed opposition. The putsch was spearheaded by Major General Mohamed Siad Barre, who at the time commanded the army. Establishment of revolutionary council Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salaad Gabeyre
Salaad Gabeyre Kediye (, 1933 – 3 July 1972), also known as Salah Gaveire Kedie, was a Somali senior military official and a revolutionary who was executed by the Siad Barre regime. Biography Kediye was born in Harardhere, Somalia, at the time an Italian colony. A career army man, he received military training at the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow (Военная академия им М. В. Фрунзе), an elite Soviet institution reserved for the most qualified officers of the Warsaw Pact armies and their allies. He later rose to the rank of General in the Somali National Army (SNA).Andrew, p.448 Salad Gabayre was also the son in-law of President Aden Abdulle Osman and played a key role in the early years of the Army, working alongside General Daud Abdulle Hirsi in selecting and training the future batch of many famous and decorated members of the Armed forces who still serve the country decades later. On October 15, 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Ainanshe Guleid
Brigadier General Mohamed Ainanshe Guled () was a Somali military officer and politician who served as the First Vice President of Somalia from 1969 to 1971. A prominent military figure in Somalia during the 1960s, he led the 1969 Somali coup d'état along with Siad Barre that established Barre's regime and the Somali Democratic Republic. However, his discontent with Barre's rule over the country and power struggle within the latter's government ultimately led to his demise and execution, after he and other officials were accused of plotting to overthrow Siad Barre's regime in 1971. Early life and military career Ainanshe was born in the Hawd region in northern Somalia and belonged to the Habr Yunis Rer Ainanshe clan. As a young man he joined the Italian Carabinieri college and graduated in 1952, and served in the colonial police force of the Trust Territory of Somaliland. After the independence of Somalia and the establishment of its military in 1960, he was appointed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merca
Merca (, ) is the capital city of the Lower Shebelle province of Somalia, a historic port city in the region. It is located approximately to the southwest of the nation's capital Mogadishu. Merca is the traditional home territory of the Bimal clan and was the center of the Bimal revolt. History Antiquity The city of Essina is believed to have been the predecessor state of Merca. It used to be an ancient Proto-Somali emporium city-state. It is mentioned in the ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'', a Greek travel document dating from the first century AD, as one of a series of commercial ports on the Somali littoral. According to the ''Periplus'', maritime trade already connected peoples in the Merca area with other communities along the Somali Sea coast. Medieval Period According to the 12th-century author Al-Idrisi the Hawiye occupied the coastal areas between Ras Hafun and Merca, as well as the lower basin of the lower Shabelle river. Al-Idrisi's mention of the Hawiye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullahi Ahmed Irro
Abdullahi Ahmed Irro (; - ), Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf Irro,''ARR: Arab report and record'', (Economic Features, ltd.: 1978), p.602. was a prominent Somali military professor and late general. He helped establish the National Academy for Strategy. Early years Irro was born in the southern town of Kismayo, Somalia, to a Majeerteen Harti Darod family. Irro's father Ahmed Yussuf Irro and two of his uncles served in the Italian colonial army. They were among Migiurtinia's youth who were forcibly conscripted after the fall of the ruling northern Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia) and Sultanate of Hobyo (Obbia) during the annexation campaign against the " Northern Sultanates', a fascist expedition from 1922 to 1929 under the command of Cesare Maria De Vecchi of the National Fascist Party led by Benito Mussolini. Irro's mother, Zhabah Hosh Ellie, was the daughter of an aristocratic wazir of the Obbio Sultanate. Irro spent the better part of his adolescence in Mogadishu, where he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Missing
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
