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Abd Allah Ibn Abd Al-Rahman Ibn Aqil
ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-Hāshimī ibn ʿAqīl al-Shāfiʿī al-Qurashī al-Bālisī (November 1294 – 18 November 1367), usually known as Ibn ʿAqīl, was a Syria (region), Syrian grammarian and jurist of the Shāfiʿī school active in Mamluk Egypt, Mamlūk Egypt. Ibn ʿAqīl has entries in the biographical dictionaries of Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Ibn al-Qāḍī and al-Suyūṭī. There is conflicting information regard his birth year. It is usually placed in ''Muḥarram'' 694 Anno Hegirae, AH, which corresponds to November 1294, but some sources give the year as 698 or 700. He was born in Bālis in Syria and in Cairo received an education in Arabic grammar under Abū Ḥayyān al-Gharnāṭī and in ''fiqh'' (jurisprudence) under ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Qūnawī and . He was with Abū Ḥayyān for twelve years and was regarded as his favourite pupil. Ibn ʿAqīl became the ''nāʾib'' (substitute) of the chief ''qāḍī'' (ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syria (region)
Syria, ( or ''Shaam'') also known as Greater Syria or Syria-Palestine, is a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant. The region boundaries have changed throughout history. However, in modern times, the term "Syria" alone is used to refer to the Syria, Syrian Arab Republic. The term is originally derived from Assyria, an Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples, ancient Semitic-speaking civilization centered in northern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq. During the Hellenistic period, the term Syria was applied to the entire Levant as Coele-Syria. Under Roman Empire, Roman rule, the term was used to refer to the Roman Syria, province of Syria, later divided into Phoenice (Roman province), Syria Phoenicia and Coele-Syria, Coele Syria, and to the province of Syria Palaestina. Under the Byzantine Empire, Byzantines, the provinces of Syria Prima and Syria Secunda emerged out of Coele Syria. After the Muslim conquest of the Levant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qāḍī
A qadi (; ) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. History The term '' was in use from the time of Muhammad during the early history of Islam, and remained the term used for judges throughout Islamic history and the period of the caliphates. While the and played the role in elucidation of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence () and the Islamic law (), the qadi remained the key person ensuring the establishment of justice on the basis of these very laws and rules. Thus, the qadi was chosen from amongst those who had mastered the sciences of jurisprudence and law. The office of qadi continued to be a very important one in every principality of the caliphates and sultanates of the various Muslim empires over the centuries. The rulers appointed a qadi in every region, town, and village for judicial and administrative contro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1367 Deaths
Year 1367 ( MCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 18 – Ferdinand I becomes King of Portugal after the death of his father, Peter I. * April 3 – Battle of Nájera: Pedro of Castile is restored as King of Castile (in modern-day Spain) after defeating his half-brother, Henry II. Pedro is aided in the battle by the English under Edward, the Black Prince, and Henry by the French. * April 24 – Otto I, "the Evil", becomes Duke of the independent city of Göttingen (in modern-day Germany) on the death of his father, Ernst I. * October 1 – Red Turban Rebellions: Zhu Yuanzhang takes Suzhou from Zhang Shicheng, who unsuccessfully attempts suicide before being captured and taken to Nanjing, where he dies. * October 16 – Pope Urban V makes the first attempt to move the Papacy back to Rome from Avignon. This move is reversed in 1370, when he is forced to return to Avignon, and sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1294 Births
Year 1294 ( MCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events Asia * February 18 – Kublai Khan dies; by this time the separation of the four khanates of the Mongol Empire (the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Golden Horde in Russia, the Ilkhanate in Persia, and the Yuan Dynasty in China) has deepened. Europe * March 30 – A Novgorodian army led by Prince Roman Glebovich attempts a storm of Vyborg, but the attack fails. * Spring – Following the arrival of a fleet from Sweden, an offensive takes place in which Sweden captures Kexholm after an assault. * July 5 – Following the Papal election, 1292–94, Pope Celestine V succeeds Nicholas IV, becoming the 192nd pope. * Autumn – In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales, Madog ap Llywelyn leads a revolt against his English overlords. * December 24 – Pope Boniface VIII succeeds Pope Celestine V, becoming the 193rd pope, after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Arabic Written Tradition
''History of the Arabic Written Tradition'' (, or GAL) is a reference work produced by the German scholar Carl Brockelmann and first published in two editions by Brill in Leiden in 1898 and 1902. It lists around 25,000 individual works by some 18,000 authors from the Arabic literary tradition. Publication The first edition of the work was first published in two volumes (1898–1902), and aimed to give a framework which divided Arabic literature into periods and subjects. However, Brockelmann later wrote a series of three ''Supplementbände'' ('supplement volumes') that vastly expanded the original work and then revised the original volumes, so the final work comprised the following: * * * * * Between 2016 and 2018, GAL was published by Brill in an updated English translation as ''History of the Arabic Written Tradition''. Over the years other academics would add volumes to the work, for example Fuat Sezgin has updated Brockelmann's list by adding some 12,000 titles an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirāj Al-Dīn Al-Bulqīnī
Abū Hafs Sirāj al-Dīn al-Bulqīnī (; 1324–1403 CE); also known as just Sirajuddin al-Bulqini was an Egyptian scholar of Islamic Jurisprudence. Regarded as the foremost leading Shafi'i jurist of his time. He was known to have reached ijtihad in the science of jurisprudence. He is a prominent scholar of the famous al-Bulqīnī family, which was an influential dynasty of Shāfiʿī judges, law professors, and administrators in Mamlūk Syria and Egypt. They were renowned for being the house of knowledge, virtue, leadership and generosity. Early life He was born in the August 4th of 1324 CE. He memorized the Noble Qur'an when he was seven years old, which was a young age that only a few scholars ever did. He also memorized "Al-Muharir" in jurisprudence, "Al-Kafi" in grammar by Ibn Malik, and Mukhtasar Ibn Al-Hajib in Usul al-Fiqh and "Al-Shatibiyyah" in readings, and many other famous Islamic science books. His hometown is called Bulqini. It is said that the third grandfather of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ikhtilāf
Ikhtilāf () is an Islamic scholarly religious disagreement, and is hence the opposite of ijma. Direction in Quran According to Verse of Obedience, disagreements about any religious matter are to be arbitrated by referring to the Quran and Sunnah to dismiss ikhtilaf and to avoid taqlid. While those in authority are absent from arbitration in that verse, they are mentioned in verse 4:83, which includes the passage, "And whenever tidings come unto them, whether of security or fear, they spread it about, whereas had they referred it to the Messenger and to those in authority among them, those of them whose task it is to investigate would have known it." This argument has been attributed to Muhammad al-Baqir (), which also appears in '' al-Jami' li-ahkam al-Quran'' by the Sunni al-Qurtubi (). Hadith The hadith of Muhammad which states that ''"Allah will ensure my ummah will never collude en-masse upon error"'' have been mentioned in the books of Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, Musnah Ahmad, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Mālik
Abu 'Abd Allāh Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh ibn Mālik al-Tā'i al-Jayyāni () ( 600 AH – 672 AH / 1203-4 or 1204-5 – 21 February 1274) was an Arab grammarian born in Jaén. After leaving al-Andalus for the Near East, and taught Arabic language and literature in Aleppo and Hamāt, before eventually settled in Damascus, where he began the most productive period of his life. He was a senior master at the Adiliyya Madrasa. His reputation in Arabic literature was cemented by his ''al-Khulāsa al-alfiyya'' (known also as simply ''Alfiya ''(The) Alfiya of Ibn Malik'' () is a rhymed poetic book of Arabic grammar written by the Imam Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Malik Al-Tai Al-Jiani, Ibn Malik in the 13th century. This book is one of the most important grammatical and linguistic s ...''), a versification of Arabic grammar, for which at least 43 commentaries have been written. References Sources Fleisch, H. "Ibn Mālik" in The ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', 2nd Edit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfiyya Of Ibn Malik
''(The) Alfiya of Ibn Malik'' () is a rhymed poetic book of Arabic grammar written by the Imam Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Malik Al-Tai Al-Jiani, Ibn Malik in the 13th century. This book is one of the most important grammatical and linguistic systems, because it received the attention of scholars and writers who came to comment on it. The long title is ''al-Khulāsa al-alfiyya'' (The millennium conclusion). ''Alfiyyah Ibn Malik'' was widely accepted by students of Arabic grammar, and they were keen to memorize and explain it more than other grammatical texts, due to its organization, ease of use, and conciseness of grammatical and morphological rules, with a precise arrangement of grammatical topics, and precise citation of each of them. It is taught in many schools and institutes, especially religious and linguistic ones. According to the historian Al-Maqqari, ''Al-Alfiyya'' was written in imitation of Ibn Muti al-Zawawi's ''Al-Durra al-alfiya''. At least 43 commentaries have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tafsīr
Tafsir ( ; ) refers to an exegesis, or commentary, of the Quran. An author of a ''tafsir'' is a ' (; plural: ). A Quranic ''tafsir'' attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, interpretation, context or commentary for clear understanding and conviction of God's will in Islam. Principally, a ''tafsir'' deals with the issues of linguistics, jurisprudence, and theology. In terms of perspective and approach, ''tafsir'' can be broadly divided into two main categories, namely ''tafsir bi-al-ma'thur'' (lit. received tafsir), which is transmitted from the early days of Islam through the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions, and ''tafsir bi-al-ra'y'' (lit. ''tafsir'' by opinion), which is arrived through personal reflection or independent rational thinking. There are different characteristics and traditions for each of the ''tafsirs'' representing respective schools and doctrines, such as Sunni Islam, Shia Islam, and Sufism. There are also general distinctions between cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosque Of Ibn Tulun
The Mosque of Ibn Tulun () is a historic mosque in Cairo, Egypt. Built between 876 and 879 by its namesake, Ahmad ibn Tulun, it is the oldest well-preserved mosque in Egypt. Its design was inspired by the 9th-century mosques of Samarra in Iraq, the Abbasid capital at the time, making it an important representative of classical Abbasid architecture. Today, it is one of the most significant monuments of Islamic architecture in Egypt. The mosque consists of a large open courtyard surrounded by roofed sections that are divided into aisles by rows of pointed arches. The arches are decorated with carved stucco, though not all of the original decoration has been preserved. The mosque is surrounded by an outer enclosure, the ''ziyada''. The minaret, which has an unusual form with an external spiral staircase, stands in this enclosure. Various additions and restorations were made after the 9th century, including an important renovation by the Mamluk sultan Lajin in 1296. The present-day ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirham
The dirham, dirhem or drahm is a unit of currency and of mass. It is the name of the currencies of Moroccan dirham, Morocco, the United Arab Emirates dirham, United Arab Emirates and Armenian dram, Armenia, and is the name of a currency subdivision in Jordanian dinar, Jordan, Libyan dinar, Libya, Qatari riyal, Qatar and Tajikistani somoni, Tajikistan. It was historically a silver coin. Unit of mass The dirham was a unit of mass used across North Africa, the Middle East, Persia and Ifat Sultanate, Ifat; later known as Adal Sultanate, Adal, with varying values. The value of Islamic dirham was 14 qirat. 10 dirham equals 7 mithqal (2.975 gm of silver). In the late Ottoman Empire (), the standard dirham was 3.207 gram, g; 400 dirhem equal one oka (measure), oka. The Ottoman dirham was based on the Sassanian, Sasanian drachm (in Middle Persian: 𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭 ''drahm''), which was itself based on the Greek Ancient drachma, dram/drachma. In Egypt in 1895, it was equivalen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
