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Abd Al-Rahman Ibn Nasr Ibn Abdallah Al-Shayzari
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Naṣr ibn ʿAbdallāh (died 1193), called al-Shayzarī or al-Nabarāwī, was a Syria (region), Syrian Arabic author on various topics. He wrote a work on the proper behaviour of a ruler for Saladin, a work on various drugs and other remedies for sexual and erotic needs, a work on the Dream interpretation, interpretation of dreams and a manual for the ''muḥtasib'' (market supervisor). Life The full name of al-Shayzarī is uncertain. His given name and patronymic, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Naṣr ibn ʿAbdallāh, appear consistently the same, but his ''laqab'' (cognomen) and ''Nisba (onomastics), nisba'' (surname) vary in the manuscripts. His ''laqab'' appears as Taqī al-Dīn, Zayn al-Dīn or Jamāl al-Dīn, while his ''nisba'' may be al-Nibrāwī, al-Ṭabrīzī, al-ʿAdawī, al-Shīrāzī or al-Shayzarī. Carl Brockelmann gives his full name as Jalāl al-Dīn Abu ʾl-Najīb Abi ʾl-Faḍāʾil ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Naṣr Allāh ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Naṣr i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirror For Princes
Mirrors for princes or mirrors of princes () constituted a literary genre of didactic political writings throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. It was part of the broader speculum or mirror literature genre. The Latin term ''speculum regum'' appears as early as the 12th century and may have been used even earlier. It may have developed from the popular speculum literature popular from the 12th to 16th century, focusing on knowledge of a particular subject matter. These texts most frequently take the form of textbooks for the instruction of kings, princes, or lesser rulers on successful governance and behaviour. The term is also used for histories or literary works presenting model images of good and bad kings. Authors often composed such "mirrors" at the accession of a new king, when a young and inexperienced ruler was about to come to power. One could view them as a species of prototypical self-help book or study of leadership before the concept of a "leader" became more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Arabic Written Tradition
''History of the Arabic Written Tradition'' (, or GAL) is a reference work produced by the German scholar Carl Brockelmann and first published in two editions by Brill in Leiden in 1898 and 1902. It lists around 25,000 individual works by some 18,000 authors from the Arabic literary tradition. Publication The first edition of the work was first published in two volumes (1898–1902), and aimed to give a framework which divided Arabic literature into periods and subjects. However, Brockelmann later wrote a series of three ''Supplementbände'' ('supplement volumes') that vastly expanded the original work and then revised the original volumes, so the final work comprised the following: * * * * * Between 2016 and 2018, GAL was published by Brill in an updated English translation as ''History of the Arabic Written Tradition''. Over the years other academics would add volumes to the work, for example Fuat Sezgin has updated Brockelmann's list by adding some 12,000 titles an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopædia Iranica
''Encyclopædia Iranica'' is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times. Scope The ''Encyclopædia Iranica'' is dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization in the wider Middle East, the Caucasus, Southeastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The academic reference work will eventually cover all aspects of Iranian history and culture as well as all Iranian languages and literatures, facilitating the whole range of Iranian studies research from archeology to political sciences. It is a project founded by Ehsan Yarshater in 1973 and currently carried out at Columbia University's Center for Iranian Studies. It is considered the standard encyclopedia of the academic discipline of Iranistics. The scope of the encyclopedia goes beyond modern Iran (also known as ''"Persia"'') and encompasses the entire Iranian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Bassām
Ibn Bassām or Ibn Bassām al-Shantarīnī (; 1058-1147) was an Arab-Andalusian poet and historian from al-Andalus. He was born in Santarém (sometimes spelled Shantarin or Xantarin) and hailed from the Banu Taghlib tribe. He died in 1147. Ibn Bassam describes how the incessant invasions of the Christians forced him to run away from Santarém in Portugal, "the last of the cities of the west," after seeing his lands ravaged and his wealth destroyed, a ruined man with no possessions save his battered sword. Especially well known is his anthology (The Treasury concerning the Merits of the People of Iberia), an important source relating to the Almoravid The Almoravid dynasty () was a Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus, starting in the 1050s and lasting until its fall to the Almo ... dynasty. In an article about the poet in this work, Ibn Bassam describes the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muḥtasib
A muḥtasib (, from the root ''ḥisbah'', or "accountability"Sami Zubaida (2005), Law and Power in the Islamic World, , pages 58-60) was "a holder of the office of al-hisbah in classical Islamic administrations", according to Oxford Islamic Studies. Also called ''‘amil al-suq'' or ''sahib al-suq'', the ''muḥtasib'' was a supervisor of bazaars and trade, the inspector of public places and behavior in towns in the medieval Islamic countries, appointed by the sultan, imam, or other political authority. His duty was to ensure that public business was conducted in accordance with the law of sharia. ''Hisbah'', the office and root of ''muḥtasib'', is an Islamic doctrine referring to "enjoining good and forbidding wrong" of shariah law, and "by extension, to the maintenance of public law and order and supervising market transactions". But whether muḥtasibs devoted themselves to ''hisbah'' frequently or vigorously in every region of the Muslim world, or focused instead on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Persian
New Persian (), also known as Modern Persian () is the current stage of the Persian language spoken since the 8th to 9th centuries until now in Greater Iran and surroundings. It is conventionally divided into three stages: Early New Persian (8th/9th centuries), Classical Persian (10th–18th centuries), and Contemporary Persian (19th century to present). Dari is a name given to the New Persian language since the 10th century, widely used in Arabic (see Istakhri, al-Maqdisi and ibn Hawqal) and Persian texts. Since 1964, Dari has been the official name in Afghanistan for the Persian spoken there. Classification New Persian is a member of the Western Iranian group of the Iranian languages, which make up a branch of the Indo-European languages in their Indo-Iranian subdivision. The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Kos (; ; ), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician and philosopher of the Classical Greece, classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is traditionally referred to as the "Father of Medicine" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field, such as the use of prognosis and clinical observation, the systematic categorization of diseases, and the (however misguided) formulation of Humorism, humoral theory. His studies set out the basic ideas of modern-day specialties, including surgery, urology, neurology, acute medicine and Orthopedic surgery, orthopedics. The Hippocratic school of medicine revolutionized ancient Greek medicine, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields with which it had traditionally been associated (theurgy and philosophy), thus establishing medicine as a profession. However, the achievements of the writers of the Hippocratic Corpus, the practitioners ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
