|
Abazasdze
The Abazasdze family ( ka, აბაზასძე) was a noble family in Georgia with a surge in prominence in the 11th century. History The Abazasdze are hypothesized by the Georgian historian Nodar Shoshiashvili to have descended from the house of Tbeli of Kartli. Tbeli Abazay, mentioned in an 11th-century Georgian inscription from the Bortsvisjvari church at Tbeti, may have been the family's eponymous founder, while Ivane Abazasdze, ''eristavi'' ("duke") of Kartli, could have been his grandson. Ivane Abazasdze wielded influence in the 1030s, during the early reign of Bagrat IV of Georgia. The contemporaneous Georgian hagiography '' Vita of George the Athonite'' by Giorgi Mtsire described Ivane Abazasdze and his four brothers as "heroic and strong in their wealth and boastful of their arms and proud of the multitude of their army." Their failed plot to assassinate Bagrat IV resulted in the family's loss of much of their influence and prestige. They are only rarely mentioned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivane Abazasdze
Ivane Abazasdze ( ka, იოანე აბაზასძე) was an 11th-century Georgian nobleman of the Abazasdze family, who functioned as an ''eristavi'' ("duke") of Kartli under King Bagrat IV of Georgia (r. 1027–1072). During King Bagrat's minority, Ivane Abazasdze assumed an important place in the country's aristocratic regency government. Alongside Liparit IV, Duke of Kldekari, he was instrumental in defeating al-Fadl b. Muhammad, the Shaddadid emir of Ganja ''Ganja'' (, ; ) is one of the oldest and most commonly used synonyms for cannabis flower, specifically marijuana or hashish. Its usage in English dates to before 1689. Etymology ''Ganja'' is borrowed from Hindi (, IPA: �aːɲd͡ʒa� ... in 1030 and capturing, in 1032, Jaffar III b. Ali, an emir of Tiflis, whom the Georgians dispossessed of the fortress of Birtvisi. The regency advanced the positions of the high nobility whose influence Bagrat tried to limit when he assumed full ruling power. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khimshiashvili
The House of Khimshiashvili ( ka, ხიმშიაშვილი) was the name of several Georgian noble families, with their bases in the regions of Kakheti and Adjara. A Kakhetian family was part of the princely nobility of Georgia and, then, of the Russian Empire, while the Adjarian Khimshiashvili were important frontier beys under the Ottoman Empire and wielded noticeable influence in this part of southwestern Caucasus throughout the 19th century. The Russians rendered their family name as Khimshiyev () and as Adzharsky (Аджарский, "of Adjara"), while to the Turks they came to be known as Hamşioğlu. In Kakheti The Khimshiashvili were purportedly descended from the Abazasdze family, which first appears in the Georgian annals in the 11th century. Their likely eponymous forefather, Khimshia Abazasdze, fought Timur's invading army in 1399 and then was granted by the king of Georgia lands in Kakheti. According to the historian Cyril Toumanoff, the latter-day Kakheti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abuletisdze
The Abuletisdze family ( ka, აბულეთისძე) was a Georgian noble family – eristavs – with its most prominent members in the 12th and 13th century. The family held appanages in the valleys of Aragvi and Tedzami in the eastern province of Kakheti. History The dynastic name Abuletidze (literally, "sons/descendants of Abulet") is derived from a male name Abulet. A person with this name appears as a commander under the Georgian king David IV (r. 1089-1125). He was among those nobles who recovered the fortress of Samshvilde from Seljuk Turks in 1110. Later, Abulet was a governor of Ani in 1124. He is last heard of in 1130. The Abuletisdze's loyalty to the crown was not permanent, however. In the early 12th century, they were among the most powerful vassals and rivals of the kings of Georgia. Thus, already in the reign of David IV, Dzagan Abuletisdze is reported to have defied the royal authority, but was eventually to take refuge at the Shio-Mghvime Monastery wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagrat IV Of Georgia
Bagrat IV ( ka, ბაგრატ IV; 101824 November 1072), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the king ('' mepe'') of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1027 to 1072. During his long and eventful reign, Bagrat sought to repress the great nobility and to secure Georgia's sovereignty from the Byzantine and Seljuk Empires. In a series of intermingled conflicts, Bagrat succeeded in defeating his most powerful vassals and rivals of the Liparitid family, bringing several feudal enclaves under his control and reducing the kings of Lori and Kakheti-Hereti, as well as the emir of Tbilisi to vassalage. Like many medieval Caucasian rulers, he bore several Byzantine titles, particularly those of '' Nobilissimus'', '' Kouropalates'', and ''sebastos''. Early reign Bagrat was the son of the king George I of Georgia () by his first wife Mariam of Vaspurakan. At the age of three, Bagrat was surrendered by his father as a hostage to the Byzantine emperor Basil II () as a price for George's defeat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Georgia
The Kingdom of Georgia (), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a Middle Ages, medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in Anno Domini, AD. It reached Georgian Golden Age, its Golden Age of political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV of Georgia, David IV and Queen Tamar of Georgia, Tamar the Great from the 11th to 13th centuries. Georgia became one of the pre-eminent nations of the Eastern_Orthodoxy#Distribution, Christian East, and its pan-Caucasus, Caucasian empire and network of tributaries stretched from Eastern Europe to Anatolia and northern frontiers of History_of_Iran#Medieval_period, Iran, while Georgia also maintained religious possessions abroad, such as the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem and the Iviron, Monastery of Iviron in Greece. It is the principal historical precursor of present-day Georgia (country), Georgia. Lasting for several centuries, the kingdom fell to the Mongol invasions of Georgia, Mongol invasions in the 13th centur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kakheti
Kakheti (; ) is a region of Georgia. Telavi is its administrative center. The region comprises eight administrative districts: Telavi, Gurjaani, Qvareli, Sagarejo, Dedoplistsqaro, Signagi, Lagodekhi and Akhmeta. Kakhetians speak the Kakhetian dialect of Georgian. Kakheti is one of the most significant wine producing regions of Georgia, home to a number of Georgian wines. The region is bordered to the west by the Georgian regions of Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Kvemo Kartli, to the north and east by the Russian Federation, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Popular tourist attractions in Kakheti include Tusheti, Gremi, Signagi, Kvetera, Bodbe, Lagodekhi Protected Areas and Alaverdi Monastery. The Georgian David Gareji monastery complex is partially located in this province and is subject to a border dispute between Georgian and Azerbaijani authorities. Geography Beyond the modern-day administrative subdivision into the districts, Kakheti has traditionally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyril Toumanoff
Cyril Leo Toumanoff ( ka, კირილ თუმანოვი; ; 10 October 1913 – 4 February 1997) was a Georgian-American historian, and academic genealogist who mostly specialized in the history and genealogies of medieval Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and the Byzantine Empire. Born in the Russian Empire into a princely family, Toumanoff escaped to the United States after the Russian Revolution. His works have significantly influenced the Western scholarship of the medieval Caucasus. Robert H. Hewsen. "In Memoriam: Cyril Toumanoff." ''Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies''. Vol. 8, 1995, 5–7. Family Cyril Toumanoff was born on 10 October 1913 in Saint Petersburg, the son of Prince Leo Tumanov, a military officer of the Russian Imperial army. His father, who was born in Yerevan, was descended from the Armeno-Georgian princely family of Tumanishvili (Russified to Tumanov)Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), ''Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts and Eurasian Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timur's Invasions Of Georgia
The Timurid invasions of Georgia ( ka, თემურლენგის ლაშქრობები საქართველოში, tr) were eight invasions between 1386 and 1403 of the Kingdom of Georgia in the Caucasus by the Timurid Empire. Led by Timur, the Timurids ultimately conquered the Christianity, Christian monarchy and made it a tributary state that kept its independence and religion. History Timur's Timurid Empire, vast empire stretched, at its greatest extent, from Central Asia into Anatolia and these conflicts were intimately linked with Tokhtamysh-Timur war, the wars between Timur (Tamerlane) and Tokhtamysh, the last Khan (title), khan of the Golden Horde and Timur's major rival for control over the Islamic world. Although he invaded parts of Georgia, he could not make the country Muslim and recognized it as a Christian state. In the first of eight invasions, Timur sacked Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, and captured the king Bagrat V of Georgia, Bagrat V in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timur
Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal and deadly. Timur is also considered a great patron of art and architecture, for he interacted with intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun, Hafez, and Hafiz-i Abru and his reign introduced the Timurid Renaissance. Born into the Turkicized Mongol confederation of the Barlas in Transoxiana (in modern-day Uzbekistan) in the 1320s, Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370. From that base he led military campaigns across Western, South, and Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Southern Russia, defeating in the process the Khans of the Golden Horde, the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria, the emerg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George The Athonite
George the Hagiorite ( ka, გიორგი მთაწმინდელი) (1009 – 27 June 1065) was a Georgian monk, calligrapher, religious writer, theologian, and translator, who spearheaded the activities of Georgian monastic communities in the Byzantine Empire. His epithets ''Mt'ats'mindeli'' and ''At'oneli'', meaning "of the Holy Mountain" ( Hagiorite) and "of Athos" ( Athonite) respectively, are a reference to his association with the Iviron monastery on Mount Athos, where he served as hegumen. One of the most influential Christian churchmen of medieval Georgia, George acted as an arbitrator and facilitator of cross-cultural engagement between his native country and the Byzantine Empire. He extensively translated the Fathers of the Church, the Psalms, works of exegesis and synaxaria from Greek – some things which had not previously existed in Georgian, revised some others, and improved the translations of one of his predecessors, Euthymius of Athos, to whom (and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aznauri
''Aznauri'' ( ka, აზნაური, ; pl. ''aznaurni'', აზნაურნი, or ''aznaurebi'', აზნაურები) was a class of Georgian nobility. History The word derives from Middle Persian ''āznāvar'', which, in turn, corresponds semantically to Middle Persian ''āzād'' and Avestan ''āzāta-'' ("nobility"). The term is related to Pahlavi '' āzāt-ān'', "free" or "noble", who are listed as the lowest class of the free nobility in the Hajjiabad inscription of King Shapur I (240-270), and parallels to the ''azat'' of Armenia. It first appears in " The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik", a 5th-century work of Georgian hagiographic literature. A later chronicle, that of Leonti Mroveli, derives "aznauri" from the semi-legendary ruler Azon (Georgian –''uri'' is a common adjectival suffix), whose 1,000 soldiers defected him and were subsequently named aznauri by Azon’s victorious rival Parnavaz. This etymology is patently false.Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), ''St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
