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Abantis Paradisea
''Abantis paradisea'', the paradise skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in KwaZulu-Natal, Zululand, Transvaal, Eswatini, Zimbabwe and from Botswana to Somalia. The wingspan is for males and for females. Adults are on wing year-round with peaks in autumn from April to June and in spring from August to November. The larvae feed on '' Hibiscus tiliaceus'', '' Cola natalensis'', ''Annona ''Annona'' or Anona (from Taíno ''annon'') is a genus of flowering plants in the pawpaw/ sugar apple family, Annonaceae. It is the second largest genus in the family after '' Guatteria'', containing approximately 166
'' species, '' Bridelia cathartica'', '' Bridelia micrantha'', ''
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Arthur Gardiner Butler
Arthur Gardiner Butler F.L.S., F.Z.S. (27 June 1844 – 28 May 1925) was an English entomologist, arachnologist and ornithologist. He worked at the British Museum on the taxonomy of birds, insects, and spiders. Biography Arthur Gardiner Butler was born at Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, London. He was the son of Thomas Butler (1809–1908), assistant-secretary to the British Museum.Thomas Butler: He was educated at St. Paul's School,He was admitted 15-03-1854, according to: later receiving a year's tuition in drawing at the Art School of South Kensington. At the British Museum, he was appointed as an officer with two roles, as an assistant-keeper in zoology and as an assistant-librarian in 1879. He retired in 1901 and devoted his later life to his garden and cagebirds. Butler published many works on butterflies and moths, but Reginald Innes Pocock described these as merely "useful". He also published articles on spiders of Australia, the Galápagos, Madagascar Madaga ...
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Cola Natalensis
Cola is a carbonated soft drink flavored with vanilla, cinnamon, citrus oils, and other flavorings. Cola became popular worldwide after the American pharmacist John Stith Pemberton invented Coca-Cola, a trademarked brand, in 1886, which was imitated by other manufacturers. Most colas originally contained caffeine from the kola nut (''Cola acuminata''), leading to the drink's name, though other sources of caffeine are generally used in modern formulations. The Pemberton cola drink also contained a coca plant extract. His non-alcoholic recipe was inspired by the coca wine of pharmacist Angelo Mariani, created in 1863. Most modern colas have a dark caramel color and are sweetened with sugar, high-fructose corn syrup or artificial sweeteners. There are numerous different brands of cola, with Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola being among the most popular. These two colas have been competitors since the 1890s, a rivalry that has intensified since the 1980s. Flavorings The primary modern fla ...
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Tagiadini
The Tagiadini are a tribe (biology), tribe of skipper butterfly, butterflies in the family Skipper (butterfly), Hesperiidae. Many of its genera were of uncertain relationships for long, and delimitation of the Tagiadini versus the Celaenorrhinini was quite disputed at times. The species of this tribe are found in mostly tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Australia.Brower (2007) Genera Altogether, the tribe contains 27 genera. Some of these seem to form a close-knit group around the tribe's type genus ''Tagiades''. These genera are often collectively called "Tagiades group" and may form a clade: "Tagiades group" * ''Abantis'' – paradise skippers * ''Abaratha'' * ''Ctenoptilum'' * ''Leucochitonea'' * ''Netrobalane'' – buff-tipped skipper * ''Semperium'' * ''Tagiades'' – water flats, snow flats Other genera * ''Abraximorpha'' * ''Albiphasma'' * ''Calleagris'' – scarce flats * ''Capila'' (formerly often placed in Celaenorrhinini) * ''Coladenia'' * ''Daimio ...
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Butterflies Described In 1870
Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossils have been dated to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago, though molecular evidence suggests that they likely originated in the Cretaceous. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, and like other holometabolous insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, expands its wings to dry, and flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take several ...
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Lecaniodiscus Fraxinifolius
''Lecaniodiscus'' is a genus of plants in the family Sapindaceae The Sapindaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1,858 accepted species. Examples include Aesculus, horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The .... It contains three species native to tropical Africa: References Sapindaceae genera Flora of the Afrotropical realm Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{sapindales-stub ...
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Lonchocarpus Capassa
''Philenoptera violacea'' known also as apple leaf or rain tree, , , , , IsiNdebele: Ichithamuzi, Idungamuzi, Iphanda) is a plant species in the legume family (Fabaceae). Etymology The name is derived from the drops of water that fall from the tree and collect in pools on the grounds even in dry weather. This phenomenon is caused by spittle bugs (''Ptyelus grossus'') that infest the tree and suck the sap. After extracting sugar and salts from the sap, the almost pure water is excreted by the bugs to form the "rain". Taxonomy The rain tree was collected and depicted as ''Capassa violacea'' by Johann Klotzsch in 1861 on a field trip to Mozambique. In 2000, it was renamed as ''Philenoptera violacea''. Homotypic synonyms include ''Lonchocarpus violaceus'' by Daniel Olivier, 1872 and ''Derris violacea'' by Hermann Harms, 1902. Description It is a medium sized tree with a sparse crown and the trunk and main branches are usually crooked. Leaves are compound with 1-2 pairs ...
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Pseudolachnostylis Maprouneifolia
''Pseudolachnostylis'' is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1899. It contains only one known species, ''Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia'' native to central and southern Africa. Its common name is kudu berry, though the term also applies for '' Cassine aethiopica''. In Zimbabwe it is called mutsonzowa (Shona) or Umqobampunzi (Ndebele). ;varieties four varieties are recognized # ''Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia'' var. ''dekindtii'' (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. - Katanga, Tanzania, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Limpopo, Mpumalanga # ''Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia'' var. ''glabra'' (Pax) Brenan - Burundi, Zaire, Tanzania, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Limpopo, Mpumalanga # ''Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia'' var. ''maprouneifolia'' - Katanga, Burundi, Tanzania, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Caprivi Strip The Caprivi Strip, also known simply a ...
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Bridelia Micrantha
''Bridelia micrantha'', the mitzeeri or the coastal golden-leaf, is a tree in the family Phyllanthaceae and is native to tropical and southern Africa as well as to the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Description A medium to tall tree (up to 20 m),Pooley, E. (1993). ''The Complete Field Guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei''. . with a dense widely spreading crown. The leaves are large, alternate and simple. The tree may be deciduous or evergreen. Habitat They are found growing in coastal forests (such as KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Lowland Forest), riverine forest, swamp forest, woodland and along forest margins. Native distribution ''Bridelia micrantha'' is native to primarily tropical, northeast, western, west-central, and southern Africa (in Angola; Benin; Burkina Faso; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Côte d'Ivoire; Equatorial Guinea; the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; Kenya; Liberia; Malawi; Mali; Mozambique; Niger ...
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Bridelia Cathartica
''Bridelia'' is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1806.Willdenow, Carl Ludwig von. 1806. Species Plantarum. Editio quarta 4(2): 978-979
in Latin
It is widespread across Africa, Australia, southern Asia, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 174 土蜜树属 tu mi shu shu ''Bridelia'' Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 978. 1806.
/ref> ''Bridelia'' species are used as food plants by the

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Annona
''Annona'' or Anona (from Taíno ''annon'') is a genus of flowering plants in the pawpaw/ sugar apple family, Annonaceae. It is the second largest genus in the family after '' Guatteria'', containing approximately 166Species of Annona
on . Retrieved 2013-05-28.
species of mostly and s and ...
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Hibiscus Tiliaceus
''Hibiscus tiliaceus'', commonly known as the sea hibiscus or coast cottonwood, is a species of flowering tree in the mallow family, Malvaceae, with a pantropical distribution along coastlines. It has also been introduced to Florida and New Zealand. It has been debated whether this species is native or introduced to Hawaii. Names Common names include sea hibiscus, beach hibiscus, coastal (or coast) hibiscus, coastal (or coast) cottonwood, green cottonwood, native hibiscus, native rosella, cottonwood hibiscus, kurrajong, sea rosemallow and dhigga ( Maldivian). The plant was introduced by Austronesian peoples that voyaged across Southeast Asia and Oceania as a source of wood and fibre. This is reflected in the names of the plant as spoken in many related languages spoken in those regions including ''balibago'' ( Tagalog), ''malobago'' ( Bikol), ''malabago'' or ''malbago'' ( Cebuano – Southern), ''maribago'' ( Cebuano – Northern), ''lambago'' (Cebuano - Cagayan de Oro), ...
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Butterfly
Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossils have been dated to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago, though molecular evidence suggests that they likely originated in the Cretaceous. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, and like other holometabolous insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, expands its wings to dry, and flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take s ...
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