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A Journey Beyond The Three Seas
''A Journey Beyond the Three Seas'' () is a Russian travelogue in the form of travel notes, made by Afanasy Nikitin, a merchant from Tver, during his journey to the Indian subcontinent in 1466–1472. ''A Journey Beyond the Three Seas'' was the first Russian literary work to depict a strictly commercial, non-religious trip. Prior texts were pilgrimage texts, which depicted travel to holy sites and were more standardized, dry and conventional. The author visited the Caucasus, Persia, India and the Crimea. However, most of the notes are dedicated to India, its political structure, trade, agriculture, customs and ceremonies. The work is full of lyrical digressions and autobiographic passages. There is a strong individual, authorial presence. Its last page is in Turkic and broken Arabic; these are, in fact, typical Muslim prayers, indicating that Nikitin might have converted to Islam while he was in India, although his lapse from Christianity bothered him as he mentions several ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Af Nik Za 3 Mor Fax
AF, af, Af, etc. may refer to: Arts and entertainment *A-F Records, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania *''Almost Family'', US TV series Businesses and organizations European * ÅF, a Swedish technical consulting company * AF Gruppen, a construction company, Norway * Action Française, a French political movement * Air France, IATA code and stock symbol * Anarchist Federation (British Isles) International * Abercrombie & Fitch, A&F, US clothing shops * The Adaptation Fund, for climate change adaptation, UN * Adventist Forums, of Seventh-day Adventists Elsewhere * American Freightways, US trucking company, merged into FedEx Freight Language * Académie française, for French language matters * Alliance Française, promoting French language and culture * Acronym Finder, an online database * Afrikaans language (ISO 639-1 language code AF) * "...as fuck", meaning "very", in SMS language Medicine * Amniotic fluid * Atrial fibrillation, an abnormal heart rhythm Military * AF Guardian, a US Nav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language, third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the Sacred language, liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th-century Russian Literature
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian calendar dates from 1 January 1401 (represented by the Roman numerals MCDI) to 31 December 1500 (MD). In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period. Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the "European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective, and the modern fields which are known today as banking and accounting were founded in Italy. The Hundred Years' War ended with a decisive French victory over the English in the Battle of Castillon. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of Richard III by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty in the later part of the century. Constantinople ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1470s Books
147 may refer to: * 147 (number), a natural number * AD 147, a year of the Julian calendar, in the second century * 147 BC, a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar * 147 AH, a year in the Islamic calendar that corresponds to 764 – 765 CE Military * BQM-147 Dragon unmanned aerial vehicle, a tactical battlefield UAV operated by the US Marine Corps * Ryan Model 147 Lightning Bug was a drone, or unmanned aerial vehicle during the 1960s * was a United States Navy Admirable-class minesweeper during World War II * was a United States Navy Edsall-class destroyer escort during World War II * was a United States Navy Haskell-class attack transport during World War II * was a United States Navy ''General G. O. Squier''-class transport ship during World War II * was a United States Navy Wickes-class destroyer during World War II * was a United States Navy ''Neosho''-class fleet oiler of the United States Navy during the Six-Day War Science and medicine * 147 Protogeneia, a l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of World History
The ''Journal of World History'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that presents historical analysis from a global point of view, focusing especially on forces that cross the boundaries of cultures and civilizations, including large-scale population movements, economic fluctuations, transfers of technology, the spread of infectious diseases, long-distance trade, and the spread of religious faiths, ideas, and values. The journal was established in 1990 by Jerry H. Bentley at the University of Hawaii to serve as the official journal of the World History Association. It is published by the University of Hawaii Press. Initially produced twice a year, it became a quarterly in 2003. In 2000, it was included in Project MUSE, which now contains archives going back to vol. 7 (1996). In 2009, it was included in JSTOR, with a moving wall of 3 years. See also * Historic recurrence Historic recurrence is the repetition of similar events in history. The concept of historic recurren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Asian Survey
''Central Asian Survey'' is an academic journal first published in 1982 concerning Caucasus and Central Asian studies. It is published by Taylor & Francis, and has four issues a year. According to the editorial staff, The editor is Rico Isaacs, the associate editor is Alexander Morrison and the book editor is Russell Zanca Russell may refer to: People * Russell (given name) * Russell (surname) * Lady Russell (other) * Lord Russell (other) ** Bertrand Russell * Justice Russell (other) Places * Russell Island (other) * Mount R .... Deniz Kandiyoti is the Editor Emeritus. Other scholars serving on the editorial board include Alexander Cooley, Nargis Kassenova, Erica Marat, Nick Megoran, Madeleine Reeves, Mohira Suyarkulova and Edward Schatz among others. The journal's international advisory board also includes Thomas Barfield, Judith Beyer, Regine Spector, and John Heathershaw, among others. Several members of the editorial and internatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lvov Chronicle (16th Century)
The ''Lvov Chronicle'' () is a Rus' chronicle from the 16th century, containing annals, annalistic entries until the year 1533.Iakov Lur'e, 'Летопись Львовская // Словарь книжников и книжности Древней Руси (''Dictionary of scribes and bookishness of Ancient Rus'') : [в 4 вып.] / Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkin House; Revised edition by Dmitry Likhachev [et al.]. Leningrad: Nauka (publisher), Nauka, 1987—2017. Vol. 2 : The second half of the 14th-16th century, chapter 2 : L-Ya / ed. D. M. Bulanin, G. M. Prokhorov. 1989. It is named after its discoverer, Nikolay Lvov (1753–1803). Contents The text is full of typos, misspellings, and errors in chronology and history.Adrianov (1910), p. III * The beginning of the ''Lvov Chronicle'' is lost. The opening section is devoted to genealogy and regnal lists. The surviving text starts with what appears to be a Byzantine imperial genealogy, mentioning the names of Palaiolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sofia Second Chronicle
The Sofia Second Chronicle is a Russian chronicle from the 16th century. It is found in two redactions: The Archival redaction, from the first quarter of the 16th century and now in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents (RGADA) (Fond 181, No. 371); and the Voskresenskii (''Resurrection'') Redaction from the middle of the 16th century, now housed in the State Historical Museum (GIM) on the north end of Red Square (Voskresenskoe Sobranie, bumazhnoe, No. 154). It was first published at the beginning of the 19th century and is included in the Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL, vol. 6; St. Petersburg, 1851). The Sofia Second Chronicle is thought to have derived from the Lvov Chronicle with which it shares many similarities.See entry on Sofia Second Chronicle in Ia. S. Lur'e, ed., ''Slovar' Knizhnikov i knizhnosti drevnei Rusi,'' available online at http://lib.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=4296 See also *Sofia First Chronicle The ''Sofia First Chronicle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annals
Annals (, from , "year") are a concise history, historical record in which events are arranged chronology, chronologically, year by year, although the term is also used loosely for any historical record. Scope The nature of the distinction between annals and history is a subject based on divisions established by the ancient Romans. Verrius Flaccus, quoted by Aulus Gellius, stated that the etymology of ''history'' (from Ancient Greek, Greek , , equated with Latin , "to inquire in person") properly restricts it to primary sources such as Thucydides's which have come from the author's own observations, while annals record the events of earlier times arranged according to years. Hayden White distinguishes annals from chronicles, which organize their events by topics such as the reigns of kings, and from histories, which aim to present and conclude a narrative implying the moral importance of the events recorded. Generally speaking, annalists record events drily, leaving the entries u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow
Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents within the city limits, over 19.1 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in Moscow metropolitan area, its metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's List of largest cities, largest cities, being the List of European cities by population within city limits, most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest List of urban areas in Europe, urban and List of metropolitan areas in Europe, metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent. First documented in 1147, Moscow became the capital of the Grand Principality of Moscow, which led the unification of the Russian lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has come to be understood to further include ''any'' written, typed, or word-processed copy of an author's work, as distinguished from the rendition as a printed version of the same. Before the arrival of prints, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, music notation, explanatory figures, or illustrations. Terminology The word "manuscript" derives from the (from , hand and from , to write), and is first recorded in English in 1597. An earlier term in English that shares the meaning of a handwritten document is "hand-writ" (or "handwrit"), which is first attested around 1175 and is now rarely used. The study of the writing ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saints
In Christian belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness, likeness, or closeness to God. However, the use of the term ''saint'' depends on the context and denomination. In Anglican, Oriental Orthodox, and Lutheran doctrine, all of their faithful deceased in Heaven are considered to be saints, but a selected few are considered worthy of greater honor or emulation. Official ecclesiastical recognition, and veneration, is conferred on some denominational saints through the process of canonization in the Catholic Church or glorification in the Eastern Orthodox Church after their approval. In many Protestant denominations, and following from Pauline usage, ''saint'' refers broadly to any holy Christian, without special recognition or selection. While the English word ''saint'' (deriving from the Latin ) originated in Christianity, historians of religion tend to use the appellation "in a more general way to refer to the state of special ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
