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A 250 Years Old Person
''A 250 Years Old Person'' ( fa, انسان ۲۵۰ ساله) is a book by Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is a collection of his lectures on the political combats and struggles of Shia Imams. This book consists of 17 chapters. Author Ali Khamenei is the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran since 1989 after serving as president from 1981 until 1988. He was born in April 1939 in Mashhad, Iran. He studied Islamic courses at Qom under the dominant Shia Islam Marja' and scholars such as Ruhollah Khomeini, founder of the Iranian Revolution. Content ''A 250 Years Old Person'' is the collection of lectures and writings of the Ali Khamenei. It consists of 17 chapters. It starts with the life of Mohammad and ends with Hasan al-Askari, 11th Imam of Shia. The first three chapters are about the social and political situation of the Islamic Community, from the Day of Ashura to the spiritual leadership of Ja'far al-Sadiq. The main concepts of the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Khamenei
Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei ( fa, سید علی حسینی خامنهای, ; born 19 April 1939) is a Twelver Shia ''marja''' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously the third president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. Khamenei is the longest serving head of state in the Middle East, as well as the second-longest serving Iranian leader of the last century, after Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. According to his official website, Khamenei was arrested six times before being sent into exile for three years during Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's reign. After the Iranian revolution overthrowing the shah, he was the target of an attempted assassination in June 1981 that paralysed his right arm. Khamenei was one of Iran's leaders during the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s, and developed close ties with the now powerful Revolutionary Guards which he controls, and whose commanders are elected and dismissed by him. The Revolutionary Guards have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minor Occultation
The Minor Occultation ( ar, ٱلْغَيْبَة ٱلصُّغْرَىٰ, '), also known as the First Occultation ( ar, ٱلْغَيْبَة ٱلْأُولَىٰ, '), refers in Twelver Shia Islam to a period of nearly seventy years (874–941 CE, 260-329 AH) during which the Hidden Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, is believed to have communicated regularly with his followers through four successive agents. This period was followed by the Major Occultation (941-present), where there is no agent of the Hidden Imam, whose reappearance is expected by the Twelvers to fill the earth with justice and peace in the end of time. Historical background Until their deaths, the tenth and eleventh Shia Imams (Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, respectively) were held under close surveillance in the garrison town of Samarra by the Abbasids, who are often responsible in Shia sources for poisoning the two Imams. The two Imams witnessed the deterioration of the Abbasid caliphate, as the imperial authorit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahrir Al-Wasilah
Tahrir al-Wasilah ( ar, تحرير الوسيلة; ''Exegesis of the Means of Salvation'' or ''Commentaries on the Liberation of the Intercession''; in fa, تحریر الوسیله ''Tahrir al-Vasileh'') is a book by Ayatollah Khomeini as a commentary on a traditional theological text, and as a guide for Shia jurists on the opinions of Khomeini. The book was part of the centuries-old tradition of commentaries on Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) commonly written by leading Shia clerics working toward the status of Marja, for the use of their students and fellow clerics. The "Means" or "Intercession" this book was commenting on was ''Wasileh un-Nejat'', (The Means of Salvation), by S. Abul-Hasan Isfahani.''A Clarification of Questions: An Unabridged Translation of Resaleh Towzih al-Masael'' by Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini, Translated by J. Borujerdi, with a Foreword by Michael M. J. Fischer and Mehdi Abedi, Westview Press/ Boulder and London, c1984, p.xxix Khomeini's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governance Of The Jurist
Governance is the process of interactions through the laws, norms, power or language of an organized society over a social system (family, tribe, formal or informal organization, a territory or across territories). It is done by the government of a state, by a market, or by a network. It is the decision-making among the actors involved in a collective problem that leads to the creation, reinforcement, or reproduction of social norms and institutions". In lay terms, it could be described as the political processes that exist in and between formal institutions. A variety of entities (known generically as governing bodies) can govern. The most formal is a government, a body whose sole responsibility and authority is to make binding decisions in a given geopolitical system (such as a state) by establishing laws. Other types of governing include an organization (such as a corporation recognized as a legal entity by a government), a socio-political group (chiefdom, tribe, gan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestine (2011 Book)
''Palestine from the Perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei'' ( fa, فلسطین از منظر آیتالله خامنهای; ''Felestin Az Manzar-e Ayatollah Khamenei'') is a 2011 book excerpting many statements of Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei about Palestine and Israel. The book and consists of 8 chapters and 416 pages in Persian. It is currently available in Iran only, while an Arabic translation is promised. A condensed 104-page paperback (also online) all-English version is entitled on the front cover as: "Palestine: Selected Statements by Ayatollah Khamenei About Palestine" but on its Title Page the title is slightly revised as: "The Most Important Problem of the Islamic World: Selected Statements by Ayatollah Khamenei About Palestine", ; published by: "Moasseseh Pajooheshi Farhangi Enqlab Eslami". According to the ''New York Post'', the book opposes the Jewish state, and Khamenei emphasizes making life unbearable for Israeli Jews rather than starting f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khamenei's Fatwa Against Nuclear Weapon
A fatwa by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran, against the acquisition, development and use of nuclear weapons dates back to the mid-1990s. The first public announcement is reported to have occurred in October 2003, followed by an official statement at a meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna in August 2005. Some analysts have questioned either the existence, applicability and/or constancy of the fatwa. According to Mehdi Khalaji, Khamenei may alter his fatwa under critical circumstances, as did his predecessor, Ayatollah Khomeini, on some civil and political issues. According to Gareth Porter writing in ''Foreign Policy'', Iran's aversion to nuclear and chemical weapons is sincere because of the "historical episode during its eight-year war with Iraq", and Iran never sought revenge for Iraqi chemical attacks against Iran, which killed 20,000 Iranians and severely injured 100,000 more. According to Khalaji, the fatwa is also consid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letter4u (twitter Hashtag)
"To the Youth in Europe and North America" is an online open letter written on 21 January 2015 by Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. According to Al-Monitor, it may be the first time that young people in the West have been directly addressed by a senior Islamic cleric about his religion. Prompted by the ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting in Paris on 7 January 2015 by militants who said that they had acted in the name of Islam, and writing about the current image of Islam in the West, Khamenei released the letter on his official website. It was also promoted via a Twitter account attributed to him. Khamenei appeals to his audience to have an open mind and not to judge Islam based on the ''Charlie Hebdo'' attacks, and implores Western youth to learn about Islam from its original sources, rather than have it "introduced to hemby prejudices" and Islamophobia. In his letter he writes that he does not insist that young people accept his or any particular reading of Islam, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Social Changes Under Islam
Many social changes took place under Islam between 610 and 661, including the period of Muhammad's mission and the rule of his four immediate successors who established the Rashidun Caliphate. A number of historians stated that changes in areas such as social security, family structure, slavery and the rights of women improved on what was present in existing Arab society. For example, according to Bernard Lewis, Islam "from the first denounced aristocratic privilege, rejected hierarchy, and adopted a formula of the career open to the talents". A minority of scholars disagree, with Leila Ahmed stating that historical evidence shows that pre-Islamic Arabia already contained many of the same supposedly progressive customs in women rights that scholars like Lewis attribute to Islam. Leila Ahmed, ''Women and the Advent of Islam'', Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 665-691 Advent of Islam Bernard Lewis believes that the advent of Islam wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahl Al-Bayt
Ahl al-Bayt ( ar, أَهْل ٱلْبَيْت, ) refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but the term has also been extended in Sunni Islam to apply to all descendants of the Banu Hashim (Muhammad's clan) and even to all Muslims. In Shia Islam, the term is limited to Muhammad; his daughter Fatima, his cousin and son-in-law Ali, and their two sons, Hasan and Husayn. A common Sunni view adds Muhammad's wives to those five. While all Muslims revere the Ahl al-Bayt, it is the Shia who hold the Ahl al-Bayt in the highest esteem by regarding them as the rightful leaders of the Muslim community. The Twelver Shia also believe in the redemptive power of the pain and martyrdom endured by the Ahl al-Bayt, particularly by Husayn. Definition When ( ar, أهل, label=none) appears in construction with a person, it refers to his blood relatives but the word also acquires wider meanings with other nouns. In particular, () is translated as habitation and dwelling, and thus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karachi
Karachi (; ur, ; ; ) is the most populous city in Pakistan and 12th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast. It is the former capital of Pakistan and capital of the province of Sindh. Ranked as a beta-global city, it is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre, with an estimated GDP of over $200 billion ( PPP) . Karachi paid $9billion (25% of whole country) as tax during fiscal year July 2021 to May 2022 according to FBR report. Karachi is Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse, as well as one of Pakistan's most secular and socially liberal cities. Karachi serves as a transport hub, and contains Pakistan’s two largest seaports, the Port of Karachi and Port Qasim, as well as Pakistan's busiest airport, Jinnah International Airport. Karachi is also a media center, home to news channels, film and f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swahili Language
Swahili, also known by its local name , is the native language of the Swahili people, who are found primarily in Tanzania, Kenya and Mozambique (along the East African coast and adjacent litoral islands). It is a Bantu language, though Swahili has borrowed a number of words from foreign languages, particularly Arabic, but also words from Portuguese, English and German. Around forty percent of Swahili vocabulary consists of Arabic loanwords, including the name of the language ( , a plural adjectival form of an Arabic word meaning 'of the coast'). The loanwords date from the era of contact between Arab slave traders and the Bantu inhabitants of the east coast of Africa, which was also the time period when Swahili emerged as a lingua franca in the region. The number of Swahili speakers, be they native or second-language speakers, is estimated to be approximately 200 million. Due to concerted efforts by the government of Tanzania, Swahili is one of three official languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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