|
ATC Code N07
N07A Parasympathomimetics N07AA Anticholinesterases :N07AA01 Neostigmine :N07AA02 Pyridostigmine :N07AA03 Distigmine :N07AA30 Ambenonium :N07AA51 Neostigmine, combinations N07AB Choline esters :N07AB01 Carbachol :N07AB02 Bethanechol N07AX Other parasympathomimetics :N07AX01 Pilocarpine :N07AX02 Choline alfoscerate :N07AX03 Cevimeline N07B Drugs used in addictive disorders N07BA Drugs used in nicotine dependence :N07BA01 Nicotine :N07BA03 Varenicline :N07BA04 Cytisinicline N07BB Drugs used in alcohol dependence :N07BB01 Disulfiram :N07BB02 Calcium carbimide :N07BB03 Acamprosate :N07BB04 Naltrexone :N07BB05 Nalmefene :N07BB06 Ondelopran N07BC Drugs used in opioid dependence :N07BC01 Buprenorphine :N07BC02 Methadone :N07BC03 Levacetylmethadol :N07BC04 Lofexidine :N07BC05 Levomethadone :N07BC06 Diamorphine :N07BC51 Buprenorphine, combinations N07C Vertigo preparations N07CA Antivertigo preparations :N07CA01 Betahistine :N07CA02 Cinnarizine :N07CA03 Flunarizine :N07CA04 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neostigmine
Neostigmine, sold under the brand name Bloxiverz, among others, is a medication used to treat myasthenia gravis, Ogilvie syndrome, and urinary retention without the presence of a blockage. It is also used in anaesthesia to end the effects of non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking medication. It is given by injection either into a vein, muscle, or under the skin. After injection effects are generally greatest within 30 minutes and last up to 4 hours. Common side effects include nausea, increased saliva, crampy abdominal pain, and slow heart rate. More severe side effects include low blood pressure, weakness, and allergic reactions. It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. Neostigmine is in the cholinergic family of medications. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholinesterase and therefore increases the levels of acetylcholine. Neostigmine was patented in 1931. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The term is from G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ondelopran
Ondelopran (LY-2196044) is an experimental drug being investigated for the treatment of alcoholism. Mechanism of action Ondelopran appears to be an antagonist at opioid receptors, which means it blocks the action of other opioids (including endogenous opioids like endorphins) by preventing them from binding to the receptor. It antagonizes the three primary opioid receptors with potency of 0.4 ( mu), 0.6 (kappa), and 1.9 nM (delta Delta commonly refers to: * Delta (letter) (Δ or δ), the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet * D (NATO phonetic alphabet: "Delta"), the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet * River delta, at a river mouth * Delta Air Lines, a major US carrier ...). Potential use A study has shown that treatment with ondelopran reduces the amount of alcohol intake (significantly more than in the placebo group), which means it could be a good path for the treatment of alcoholism. Another test also displays more results which go in the same conclusion. Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xaliproden
Xaliproden (codenamed SR57746) is a drug which acts as a 5HT1A agonist. It has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects ''in vitro'', and has been proposed for use in the treatment of several neurodegenerative conditions including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease. Development of xaliproden for these two indications was discontinued in 2007 following analysis of Phase III data. While the drug did show an effect on hippocampal volume (suggesting perhaps a slowing of cell loss), there was insufficient evidence for efficacy in counteracting Alzheimer's related cognitive decline. Similarly while there were some indicators of efficacy in ALS, including a small but clinically noteworthy effect on some functional parameters, the overall benefit did not reach statistical significance when results across several Phase III trials were averaged. Xaliproden remains under investigation for treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Paliroden was also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riluzole
Riluzole is a medication used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other motor neuron diseases. Riluzole delays the onset of ventilator-dependence or tracheostomy in some people and may increase survival by two to three months. Riluzole is available in tablet and liquid form. Medical uses Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Riluzole was approved in the United States for the treatment of ALS by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1995. A Cochrane Library review states a 9% gain in the probability of surviving one year. Contraindications Contraindications for riluzole include: known prior hypersensitivity to riluzole or any of the excipients inside the preparations, liver disease, pregnancy or lactation. Adverse effects * Very common (>10% frequency): nausea; weakness; decreased lung function * Common (1–10% frequency): headache; dizziness; drowsiness; vomiting; abdominal pain; increased aminotransferases * Uncommon (0.1–1% frequency): pancreatitis; inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirilazad
Tirilazad is a drug that has been proposed to treat acute ischaemic stroke Stroke is a medical condition in which poor cerebral circulation, blood flow to a part of the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: brain ischemia, ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and intracranial hemorrhage, hemor .... When tested on animal models, tirilazad protects brain tissue, and reduces brain damage. However, the drug fails to treat, and even worsens a stroke when studied on a human being. References Aminopyrimidines Pregnanes 1-(2-Pyrimidinyl)piperazines 1-Pyrrolidinyl compounds {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetylleucine
Acetylleucine (''N''-acetyl-leucine) is a modified leucine amino acid. Two forms are commercialized: ''N''-acetyl-DL-leucine (sold under the brand Tanganil, among others, and used in the treatment of vertigo Vertigo is a condition in which a person has the sensation that they are moving, or that objects around them are moving, when they are not. Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement. It may be associated with nausea, vomiting, perspira ...) and ''N''-acetyl-L-leucine (levacetylleucine, sold under the brand name Aqneursa, and used for the treatment of neurological manifestations of Niemann-Pick disease type C). References {{Authority control Alpha-Amino acids Amino acid derivatives Acetamides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flunarizine
Flunarizine, sold under the brand name Sibelium among others, is a drug classified as a calcium antagonist which is used for various indications. It is not available by prescription in the United States or Japan. The drug was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica (R14950) in 1968. Medical uses Flunarizine is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an add-on in the treatment of epilepsy where its effect is weak and not recommended. It has been shown to significantly reduce headache frequency and severity in both adults and children. Contraindications Flunarizine is contraindicated in patients with depression, in the acute phase of a stroke, and in patients with extrapyramidal symptoms or Parkinson's disease. It is also contraindicated in hypotension, heart failure and arrhythmia. Side effects Common side effects include drowsiness (20% of patients), weight gain (10%), as well as extrapyramid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cinnarizine
Cinnarizine is an antihistamine and calcium channel blocker of the diphenylmethylpiperazine group. It is prescribed for nausea and vomiting due to motion sickness or other sources such as chemotherapy, vertigo, or Ménière's disease. Cinnarizine is one of the leading causes of drug-induced parkinsonism. Cinnarizine was first synthesized as R1575 by Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1955. The nonproprietary name is derived from the cinnamyl substituent on the free nitrogen atom of the benzhydrylpiperazine core, combined with the generic ending "-rizine" for "antihistaminics/cerebral (or peripheral) vasodilators". It is not available in the United States or Canada. It has also been cited as one of the most used drugs for seasickness within the British Royal Navy. Medical uses Cinnarizine is predominantly used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness, vertigo, Ménière's disease, or Cogan's syndrome. It is one of only a few drugs that has a beneficial effect in the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betahistine
Betahistine, sold under the brand name Serc among others, is an anti-vertigo medication. It is commonly prescribed for balance disorders or to alleviate vertigo symptoms. It was first registered in Europe in 1970 for the treatment of Ménière's disease, but current evidence does not support its efficacy in treating it. Medical uses Betahistine was once believed to have some positive effects in the treatment of Ménière's disease and vertigo, but more recent evidence casts doubt on its efficacy. Studies of the use of betahistine have shown a reduction in symptoms of vertigo and, to a lesser extent, tinnitus, but conclusive evidence is lacking at present. Oral betahistine has been approved for the treatment of Ménière's disease and vestibular vertigo in more than 80 countries worldwide, and has been reportedly prescribed for more than 130 million patients. However, betahistine has not been approved for marketing in the United States for the past few decades, and there is disa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diamorphine
Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine and diamorphine among other names, is a morphinan opioid substance synthesized from the Opium, dried latex of the Papaver somniferum, opium poppy; it is mainly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects. Heroin is used medically in several countries to Pain reliever, relieve pain, such as during childbirth or a heart attack, as well as in opioid replacement therapy. Medical-grade diamorphine is used as a pure Hydrochloride, hydrochloride salt. Various white and brown powders sold illegally around the world as ''heroin'' are routinely diluted with cutting agents. Black tar heroin is a variable admixture of morphine derivatives—predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine), which is the result of crude acetylation during clandestine production of street heroin. Heroin is typically Drug injection, injected, usually into a vein, but it can also be snorted, smoked, or inhaled. In a clinical context, the route of administration is mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levomethadone
Levomethadone, sold under the brand name L-Polamidon among others, is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive which is marketed in Europe and is used for pain management and in opioid maintenance therapy. In addition to being used as a pharmaceutical drug itself, levomethadone is the main therapeutic component of methadone. Levomethadone is used for narcotic maintenance in place of, or in some cases alongside as an alternative, to racemic methadone, owing to concern about the cardiotoxic and QT-prolonging action of racemic methadone being primarily caused by the dextrorotatory enantiomer, dextromethadone. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Levomethadone has approximately 50x the potency of the ''S''-(+)-enantiomer as well as greater μ-opioid receptor selectivity. Accordingly, it is about twice as potent as methadone by weight and its effects are virtually identical in comparison. In addition to its activity at the opioid receptors, levomethadone has been found to act a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lofexidine
Lofexidine, sold under the brand name Lucemyra among others, is a medication historically used to treat high blood pressure; today, it is more commonly used to help with the physical symptoms of opioid withdrawal. It is taken by mouth. It is an α2A-adrenergic receptor agonist. It was approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States in 2018, considering it to be a first-in-class medication. Medical uses In the United States, lofexidine is approved for the "mitigation of withdrawal symptoms to facilitate abrupt discontinuation of opioids in adults," for a treatment duration of 14 days. In the United Kingdom, lofexidine is commonly used in conjunction with the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone in rapid detoxification cases. When these two drugs are paired, naltrexone is administered to induce an opioid receptor blockade, sending the subject into immediate withdrawal and accelerating the detoxification process, while lofexidine is given to relieve the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
