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AS Franz Krull
AS Franz Krull (german: Aktien-Gesellschaft der Maschinenfabrik "Franz Krull"; russian: Акционерное общество машиностроительного завода "Франц Крулль") was a metal works and engineering company in Tallinn, Estonia. It was founded by German industrialist Franz Krull in 1865 in Narva and in 1875 it was moved to Tallinn. The company manufactured different products, including steam locomotives, equipment for power plants and oil shale industry, and agricultural machinery. During the Soviet occupation the company was nationalized, and it became one of the largest contractors for the Soviet gas industry. History The company was founded on 25 April 1865 when German brazier Franz Joachim Heinrich Krull rented from the city of Narva a coppersmith workshop, which was belonged to deceased Friedrich Ludwig Büll. The main product of the newly established company became distillation apparatuses. In 1870 it introduced the new type of d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engineering
Engineering is the use of scientific method, scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized List of engineering branches, fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied mathematics, applied science, and types of application. See glossary of engineering. The term ''engineering'' is derived from the Latin ''ingenium'', meaning "cleverness" and ''ingeniare'', meaning "to contrive, devise". Definition The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, ABET) has defined "engineering" as: The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tallinn Power Plant
The Tallinn Power Plant ( et, Tallinna elektrijaam) is a former power plant located in Tallinn, Estonia. Construction of the power plant was initiated by Volta company and it was decided by the Tallinn City Council in 1912 after the work of special committee established in 1909. The plant was located next to the Tallinn Gas Factory at the location of the former Stuart fortress. The plant was designed by Volta and the architect was Hans Schmidt. Originally it used three Laval-type steam turbines and three electric generators—all produced by Volta. Two coal-fired boilers were manufactured by AS Franz Krull. The power plant was opened on 24 March 1913, and originally it was fired by coal. In 1919–1920 the plant was expanded and transferred to peat and wood. In 1924 the power plant was switched to oil shale. It was the first power plant in the world to employ oil shale as its primary fuel. In 1939, the plant achieved capacity of 22 MW. In 1929, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linköping University
Linköping University (, LiU) is a public research university based in Linköping, Sweden. Originally established in 1969, it was granted full university status in 1975 and is one of Sweden's largest academic institutions. The university has four campuses across three cities: Campus Valla and Campus US in Linköping, Campus Norrköping in Norrköping and Campus Lidingö in Stockholm. It is organized into four faculties: Arts and Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences, Educational Sciences, and the Institute of Technology. In order to facilitate interdisciplinary work, there are 12 large departments combining knowledge from several disciplines and often belonging under more than one faculty. Linköping University emphasises dialogue with the surrounding business sphere and the community at large, both in terms of research and education. In 2021 the university was home to 35,900 students and 4,300 employees. It is a member of the European Consortium of Innovative Universities, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Lauristin
Johannes Lauristin (pseudonym: Juhan Madarik; 29 October 1899 – 28 August 1941) was an Estonian communist politician, activist, writer and statesman who served as the first Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. Hs wife was communist politician Olga Lauristin and his daughter was politician Marju Lauristin. Biography Lauristin was born in to a family of industrial workers. After the revolutionary events of 1917, he quit his work and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks). In 1919, he was enrolled in the Army of the Republic of Estonia and participated in the War of Independence. After independence, Lauristin became a member of the illegal Estonian Communist Youth Union and worked as an editor in various underground newspapers and magazines. In the same year, he joined the Communist Party of Estonia and became a member of the Central Council of the Estonian Workers' General Union. He was a member o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heat Exchanger
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant. Flow arrangement Image:Heat_exc_1-1.svg, Fig. 1: Shell and tube heat exchanger, single pass (1–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drilling Rig
A drilling rig is an integrated system that Drilling, drills wells, such as oil or water wells, or holes for piling and other construction purposes, into the earth's subsurface. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person and such are called auger (drill), augers. Drilling rigs can sample subsurface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of the Earth's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrifugal Pump
Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. They are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from which it exits. Common uses include water, sewage, agriculture, petroleum, and petrochemical pumping. Centrifugal pumps are often chosen for their high flow rate capabilities, abrasive solution compatibility, mixing potential, as well as their relatively simple engineering. A centrifugal fan is commonly used to implement an air handling unit or vacuum cleaner. The reverse function of the centrifugal pump is a water turbine converting potential energy of water pressure into mechanical rotational energy. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Occupation Of Estonia During World War II
During World War II, in the course of Operation Barbarossa, Nazi Germany invaded Estonia in July–December 1941, and occupied the country until 1944. Estonia had gained independence in 1918 from the then warring German and Russian Empires. However, in the wake of the August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact, the Stalinist Soviet Union had invaded and occupied Estonia in June 1940, and the country was formally annexed into the USSR in August 1940. Initially, in the summer of 1941, the German invaders were perceived by most Estonians as liberators from the Soviet terror, having arrived only a week after the mass deportation of tens of thousands of people from Estonia and other territories that had been occupied by USSR in 1939–1941: eastern Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. Although hopes were raised for the restoration of Estonia's independence, it was soon realized that Germans were but another occupying power. The Nazi German authorities exploit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Krull Sk Class
The Franz Krull ''Sk''-class is a class of steam locomotive built by the Franz Krull metal works of Tallinn, Estonia between 1931-1940. The ''Sk'' were narrow-gauged and used oil shale as fuel, since it is the primary energy source in Estonia. A total of 16 units were produced, of which none has survived. The last ''Sk'', ''Sk-156'', was scrapped in 1980 in Beloretsk, Russia, where it was actively used until scrapping. List of ''Sk'' locomotives Built in 1931: *Sk-151 *Sk-152 *Sk-153 *Sk-154 *Sk-155 *Sk-156 *Sk-157 *Sk-158 *Sk-159 *Sk-150 Built in 1935: *Sk-160 *Sk-161 *Sk-162 Built in 1940: (During the first Soviet occupation of Estonia The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officially the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic,, russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика was an National delimitation in ..., when the factory was renamed "Punane Krull" ("Red Krull"). These locomobiles were decora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glen Davis Shale Oil Works
The Glen Davis Shale Oil Works was a shale oil extraction plant, in the Capertee Valley, at Glen Davis, New South Wales, Australia, which operated from 1940 until 1952. It was the last oil-shale operation in Australia, until the Stuart Oil Shale Project in the late 1990s. For the period of 1965-1952, it provided one fifth of the shale oil produced in Australia. History The shale oil industry at Glen Davis was developed for production of shale oil for national defence purposes, although the basis of this project was the 1934 report of the Newnes Investigation Committee, which looked at ways to decrease the number of unemployed miners in the region. A public notice in the ''Commonwealth of Australia Gazette'', on 28 May 1936, invited offers for developing the oil industry in the Glen Davis area. National Oil Proprietary Limited was created—with capital of £500,000—as a special purpose vehicle, by George Francis Davis of Davis Gelatine, to build and operate the new oi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holmberg
Holmberg is a Swedish surname formed from the words ''holm(e)'' meaning islet and ''berg'' meaning mountain. It is a relatively common name, at least in Sweden, which has to do with the fact that many Swedish place names contain the suffixes ''-holm'', ''-holmen'' or ''-berg'', ''-berga'', ''-berget''. Notable people with the surname include: * Åke Holmberg (1907–1991), Swedish author and translator * Krister Holmberg (born 1946), professor of Surface Chemistry at Chalmers University of Technology * Anne Holmberg (born 1938), American writer of historical romance novels * Arvid Holmberg (1886–1958), Swedish gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics * Barbro Holmberg (born 1952), Swedish Social Democratic politician * Birgit Agda Holmberg (born 1921), Swedish revue director, actress and singer * Bo Holmberg (1942–2010), Swedish politician, widower of former Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs Anna Lindh (1957–2003) * Britta Holmberg (1921–2004), Swedish film actres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eesti Kiviõli
AS Eesti Kiviõli (german: Estnische Steinöl AG, English: Estonian Oil Shale Co. Ltd.) was an oil shale company located in Kiviõli, Estonia. It was a predecessor of ''Kiviõli Keemiatööstus'', a shale oil extraction company. The Kiviõli town is named after ''Eesti Kiviõli''. Eesti Kiviõli was established in 1922. At the same year it opened an open-pit oil shale mine near Sonda, which since 1930 continued operations as underground mine. Ots (2004), pp. 15–16 After unsuccessful tests with the moving grate kiln, the company built four tunnel kilns between 1927 and 1938, manufactured by AS Franz Krull. Holmberg (2008), pp. 103–104 It built new shale oil extraction plants in 1932 and in 1938. In the 1930s it became the largest shale oil producer in Estonia. Holmberg (2008), p. 345 In 1939, it produced 70,000 tonnes of shale oil. In 1934, ''Eesti Kiviõli'' and ''New Consolidated Gold Fields'' established the service station chain ''Trustivapaa Bensiini'' (now: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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