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AMMDes
AMMDes (short for ''Alat Mekanis Multiguna Pedesaan''—lit. Rural Multipurpose Mechanical Tool) is an agricultural vehicle produced by PT Kreasi Mandiri Wintor Indonesia (KMWI). This vehicle is categorized as rural car. The local content of AMMDes reaches 73%. The price of the base model is Rp70 million (4900 USD in June 2020), not including the equipment it carries. The cheapest equipment price is the irrigation pump (Rp4 million) and the most expensive is the water purifier (Rp40–120 million, depending on the water quality and capacity). From the certification carried out by the Ministry of Industry and PT Surveyor Indonesia, it is known that AMMDes has a TKDN (''Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri'' — Domestic Component Level) of 40.92%. First generation The Indonesian Ministry of Industry has the Rural Car Program, collaborated with PT KMWI to make AMMDes prototype. The AMMDes platform originating from a vehicle for oil palm plantations, known as Wintor. In 2018, they collab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PT Kreasi Mandiri Wintor Indonesia
PT Kreasi Mandiri Wintor Indonesia (KMWI) is an Indonesian automotive manufacturer. It is a subsidiary of PT Astra Otoparts Tbk. History On June 11 2018, PT Astra Otoparts Tbk formed a new subsidiary, PT Kiat Mahesa Wintor Distributor (KMWD), a joint venture of PT Velasto Indonesia, PT Ardendi Jaya Sentosa, and PT Kiat Inovasi Indonesia. Through their new company they agreed to produce and distribute AMMDes through two joint ventures. The first, PT Kiat Mahesa Wintor Indonesia (KMWI) as a company that designs, engineers and manufactures AMMDes. The second, PT Kiat Mahesa Wintor Distributor (KMWD) as a company that markets, sells and distributes spare parts, as well as provides post-sales technical support services. However, as the word "Kiat" omitted from the name, it was replaced by "Kreasi", making this company a new entity. Initially, the prototype of AMMDes were produced in PT Velasto Indonesia's plant in Delta Silicon 3 industrial area, Cikarang, Bekasi, West Java. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rural Car (Indonesia)
In Indonesia, the rural car ( id, mobil pedesaan) or the village car (''mobil desa'') is a grouping of cars that appeared after the second reshuffle of the Joko Widodo's cabinet in July 2016. The reshuffle replaced the Minister of Industry to Airlangga Hartarto. President Jokowi gave the mandate to develop the Small Medium Industry (SMI) project and rural cars. This program was initiated by the Ministry of Industry together with the Indonesian Automotive Institute (IOI). The fixed price for a rural car is around Rp60–80 million, cheaper than ''Kendaraan Bermotor Roda Empat Hemat Energi dan Harga Terjangkau'' (also called KBH2 or LCGC). Rural cars can only be used on off-road roads and village roads outside the toll road. Rural vehicles are designed to facilitate community activities in the area with their function as a means of transporting agricultural and plantation products. Specifications Ministry of Industry stipulates that cars that can be classified as rural cars are t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mid-engine Design
In automotive engineering, a mid-engine layout describes the placement of an automobile engine in front of the rear-wheel axles, but behind the front axle. History The mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive format can be considered the original layout of automobiles. A 1901 Autocar was the first gasoline-powered automobile to use a drive shaft and placed the engine under the seat. This pioneering vehicle is now in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution. Benefits Mounting the engine in the middle instead of the front of the vehicle puts more weight over the rear tires, so they have more traction and provide more assistance to the front tires in braking the vehicle, with less chance of rear-wheel lockup and less chance of a skid or spin out. If the mid-engine vehicle is also rear-drive the added weight on the rear tires can also improve acceleration on slippery surfaces, providing much of the benefit of all-wheel-drive without the added weight and expense of all-wheel-drive comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double Wishbone Suspension
A double wishbone suspension is an independent suspension design for automobiles using two (occasionally parallel) wishbone-shaped arms to locate the wheel. Each wishbone or arm has two mounting points to the chassis and one joint at the knuckle. The shock absorber and coil spring mount to the wishbones to control vertical movement. Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel, controlling such parameters as camber angle, caster angle, toe pattern, roll center height, scrub radius, scuff and more. Implementation The double-wishbone suspension can also be referred to as "double A-arms", though the arms themselves can be A-shaped, L-shaped, or even a single bar linkage. A single wishbone or A-arm can also be used in various other suspension types, such as variations of the MacPherson strut. The upper arm is usually shorter to induce negative camber as the suspension jounces (rises), and often this arra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicles Introduced In 2018
A vehicle (from la, vehiculum) is a machine that transports people or cargo. Vehicles include wagons, bicycles, motor vehicles (motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses, mobility scooters for disabled people), railed vehicles (trains, trams), watercraft (ships, boats, underwater vehicles), amphibious vehicles (screw-propelled vehicles, hovercraft), aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, aerostats) and spacecraft.Halsey, William D. (Editorial Director): ''MacMillan Contemporary Dictionary'', page 1106. MacMillan Publishing, 1979. Land vehicles are classified broadly by what is used to apply steering and drive forces against the ground: wheeled, tracked, railed or skied. ISO 3833-1977 is the standard, also internationally used in legislation, for road vehicles types, terms and definitions. History * The oldest boats found by archaeological excavation are logboats, with the oldest logboat found, the Pesse canoe found in a bog in the Netherlands, being carbon dated to 8040 - 7510 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pickup Trucks
A pickup truck or pickup is a light-duty truck that has an enclosed cabin, and a back end made up of a cargo bed that is enclosed by three low walls with no roof (this cargo bed back end sometimes consists of a tailgate and removable covering). In Australia and New Zealand, both pickups and coupé utilities are called utes, short for utility vehicle. In South Africa, people of all language groups use the term ''bakkie'', a diminutive of ''bak'', Afrikaans for "basket". Once a work or farming tool with few creature comforts, in the 1950s U.S. consumers began purchasing pickups for lifestyle reasons, and by the 1990s, less than 15% of owners reported use in work as the pickup truck's primary purpose. In North America, the pickup is mostly used as a passenger car and accounts for about 18% of total vehicles sold in the United States. Full-sized pickups and SUVs are an important source of revenue for major car manufacturers such as GM, Ford, and Stellantis, accounting for m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panda Car
A panda car, or just panda, is a small or medium sized marked British police car. History of the term The term 'panda car' was first used to refer to black police cars with panels that had been painted white to increase their visibility. It was later applied to blue and white police cars. There is a record of Salford City Police using black and white Hillman Minxs in 1960. The chief constable of the Lancashire Constabulary referred to the use of blue and white Ford Anglia panda cars in Kirkby in an article in ''The Times'' on 26 January 1966. In 1967, the Dunbartonshire force bought two Hillman Imps (subsequently nicknamed Pinky and Perky) for escort duties on the A82 road; one was blue, the other white. The boot lids, bonnets and doors were then swapped to create a panda car style scheme. In the 1980s, police cars in the United Kingdom began to be ordered in white to reduce purchase costs, usually with orange or red " jam sandwich" reflective stripes. Today, patro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kei Car
Kei car (or , kanji: , "light automobile", ), known variously outside Japan as Japanese city car or Japanese microcar, is the Japanese vehicle category for the smallest highway-legal passenger cars with restricted dimensions and engine capacity. Similar Japanese categories exist for microvans, and kei trucks. These vehicles are most often the Japanese equivalent of the EU A-segment (city cars). The kei car category was created by the Japanese government in 1949, and the regulations have been revised several times since. These regulations specify a maximum vehicle size, engine capacity, and power output, so that owners may enjoy both tax and insurance benefits. In most rural areas they are also exempted from the requirement to certify that adequate parking is available for the vehicle."Owning a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fin Komodo
Fin Komodo is a buggy-type car produced by PT Fin Komodo Teknologi (PT FKT). The buggy is targeted toward recreation and tourism markets. Description The Fin Komodo is an off-road vehicle designed by ex-IPTN engineer, Ibnu Susilo, with the aim to be light-weight while being able to carry a heavy load. Before being launched, PT FKT made 4 prototypes. The first and second prototypes used an 180cc two-stroke engine and 3-speed transmission. The first prototype was designed with a single seat while the second prototype was designed with 2 chairs. Both of these prototypes had an oil capacity of 0.3 liters, fuel capacity of 15 liters of gasoline, used a seamless tubular frame and trunk, and generated torques of 1.19 kg / 3000 rpm (11.7 Nm / 3000 rpm). The third and fourth prototypes used a 250 cc four-stroke engine with a torque of 17.6 Nm per 5500 rpm. The capacity of the fuel tank increased to 20 liters. The engine in the third prototype used an automatic transmission consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trailing-arm Suspension
A (semi) trailing-arm suspension, sometimes referred to as (semi) trailing-link is a vehicle axle or wheel suspension design in which one or more horizontal arms (or "links"), perpendicular to and forward of the axle, are connecting the axle or wheels with pivot joint(s) ahead of them, on the structure (unibody or chassis) of a motor vehicle. These are typically used on the rear axle or wheels of a vehicle, but also found in aircraft landing gear. Leading arms are similar horizontal arms, perpendicular to the axle, but connecting the wheels to the vehicle structure via pivot joints ''to the rear'' of them. These are typically used on the front axle or wheels, as on the Citroën 2CV and its derivatives, and on the Citroën DS, as well as on the M422 Mighty Mite jeep. Types Trailing-arm Trailing-arm designs in live axle setups often use just two or three links and a Panhard rod to locate the wheel laterally. A trailing arm design can also be used in an independent suspensi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ROC consist of 168 islands, with a combined area of . The main island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', has an area of , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. The capital, Taipei, forms along with New Taipei City and Keelung the largest metropolitan area of Taiwan. Other major cities include Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries in the world. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rear Wheel Drive
Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars. Most rear-wheel drive vehicles feature a longitudinally-mounted engine at the front of the car. Layout The most common layout for a rear-wheel drive car is with the engine and transmission at the front of the car, mounted longitudinally. Other layouts of rear-wheel drive cars include front-mid engine, rear-mid engine, and rear-engine. Some manufacturers, such as Alfa Romeo, Lancia, Porsche (944, 924, 928) and Chevrolet (C5, C6, and C7 Corvettes), place the engine at the front of the car and the transmission at the rear of the car, in order to provide a more balanced weight distribution. This configuration is often referred to as a transaxle since the transmission and axle are one unit. History 1890s to 1960s Many of the cars built in the 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
