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AMICA1
JAML or Junctional Adhesion Molecule-Like, or AMICA1 is a JAM transmembrane protein family member. It is composed of two extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a membrane-spanning region, and a cytoplasmic tail involved in activation signaling. A known ligand of JAML is Coxsackie virus and Adenovirus Receptor (CXADR in humans and CAR in mice) which has been shown to localize to the tight junctions of epithelial cells. JAML-mediated activation of CAR is required for neutrophil extravasation in addition to other leukocyte/epithelial cell interaction models. Other members of the JAM family of transmembrane proteins include JAM1, JAM2 and JAM3 Junctional adhesion molecule C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''JAM3'' gene. Gene This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q25) on the Watson strand. It is 83,077 bases in length. The encoded protein is 310 amino .... References Further reading * * * * * * * {{refend Transmembrane proteins [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junctional Adhesion Molecule
A junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) is a protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and is expressed in a variety of different tissues, such as leukocytes, platelets, and epithelial and endothelial cells. They have been shown to regulate signal complex assembly on both their cytoplasmic and extracellular domains through interaction with scaffolding that contains a PDZ domain and adjacent cell's receptors, respectively. JAMs adhere to adjacent cells through interactions with integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1, which are contained in leukocyte β2 and α4β1, which is contained in β1. JAMs have many influences on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, which are primarily moderated by the integrins discussed above. They interact in their cytoplasmic domain with scaffold proteins that contain a PDZ domain, which are common protein interaction modules that target short amino acid sequences at the C-terminus of proteins, to form tight junctions in both epithelial and endothe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CXADR
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CXADR'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackie viruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. CAR protein is expressed in several tissues, including heart, brain, and, more generally, epithelial and endothelial cells. In cardiac muscle, CAR is localized to intercalated disc structures, which electrically and mechanically couple adjacent cardiomyocytes. CAR plays an important role in the pathogenesis of myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and in arrhythmia susceptibility following myocardial infarction or myocardial ischemia. In addition, an isoform of CAR (CAR-SIV) has been recently identified in the cytoplasm of pancreatic beta cells. It's been suggested that CAR-SIV resides in the insulin secreting granules and might be involved in the virus infection of these cells. Structure Human CAR protein has a theoretical molecular weight of 40.0 kD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neutrophil
Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes or heterophils) are the most abundant type of granulocytes and make up 40% to 70% of all white blood cells in humans. They form an essential part of the innate immune system, with their functions varying in different animals. They are formed from stem cells in the bone marrow and differentiated into subpopulations of neutrophil-killers and neutrophil-cagers. They are short-lived and highly mobile, as they can enter parts of tissue where other cells/molecules cannot. Neutrophils may be subdivided into segmented neutrophils and banded neutrophils (or bands). They form part of the polymorphonuclear cells family (PMNs) together with basophils and eosinophils. The name ''neutrophil'' derives from staining characteristics on hematoxylin and eosin ( H&E) histological or cytological preparations. Whereas basophilic white blood cells stain dark blue and eosinophilic white blood cells stain bright red, neutrophils stain a neutral pink. Normally, n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extravasation
__NOTOC__ Extravasation is the leakage of a fluid out of its container into the surrounding area, especially blood or blood cells from vessels. In the case of inflammation, it refers to the movement of white blood cells from the capillaries to the tissues surrounding them ( leukocyte extravasation, also known as ''diapedesis''). In the case of malignant cancer metastasis it refers to cancer cells exiting the capillaries and entering organs (to form secondary tumors). It is frequently used in medical contexts, either referring to urine, or to blood. More specifically, it can refer to: * Extravasation (intravenous) * Extravasation of infusates * Extravasation of irrigation fluid * Extravasation of urine * Leukocyte extravasation * Angiopellosis (non-leukocyte cell extravastion) Extravasation of irrigation fluid Extravasation of irrigation fluid is the unintended migration of irrigation fluid (e.g. saline) introduced into a human body. This may occur in a number of types of endo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JAM2
Junctional adhesion molecule B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''JAM2'' gene. JAM2 has also been designated as CD322 (cluster of differentiation 322). Function Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. The protein encoded by this immunoglobulin superfamily gene member is localized in the tight junctions between high endothelial cells. It acts as an adhesive ligand for interacting with a variety of immune cell types and may play a role in lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid organs. It is purported to promote lymphocyte transendothelial migration. It might also be involved with endothelial cell polarity, by associating to cell polarity protein PAR-3, together with JAM3. Interactions JAM2 has been shown to interact with PARD3. It also interacts with the integ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JAM3
Junctional adhesion molecule C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''JAM3'' gene. Gene This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q25) on the Watson strand. It is 83,077 bases in length. The encoded protein is 310 amino acids long with a predicted molecular weight of 35.02 kiloDaltons. Function Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space. The protein encoded by this immunoglobulin superfamily gene member is localized in the tight junctions between high endothelial cells. Unlike other proteins in this family, this protein is unable to adhere to leukocyte White blood cells, also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
