ADE-2
The ADE-2 is a dual use water-cooled thermal graphite-moderated reactor. The reactor was dual-purpose - producing weapons-grade plutonium and providing heat and electricity. The RBMK series nuclear reactors are based off the ADE series reactors. History Construction started in December 1963. The reactor was shut down in April 2010. The scope of decommissioning was much greater than with AD and ADE-1, which were single-purpose and performed only defense tasks. In 2021 it was decided to make ADE-2 a museum exhibition. Other similar types These two sources show slightly different date of start and shutdown. Legacy AD and ADE-1 are almost decommissioned. ADE-3, ADE-4, and ADE-5 were being decommissioned as of 2024. See also * MBIR - multi-loop research reactor intends to replace BOR-60. In construction since 2015, est. completion in 2027. * RBMK - is a class of graphite-moderated nuclear power reactor designed and built by the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet ...
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Graphite-moderated Reactor
:''"Graphite reactor" directs here. For the graphite reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, see X-10 Graphite Reactor.'' A graphite-moderated reactor is a nuclear reactor that uses carbon as a neutron moderator, which allows natural uranium to be used as nuclear fuel. The first artificial nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, used nuclear graphite as a moderator. Graphite-moderated reactors were involved in two of the best-known nuclear disasters: an untested graphite annealing process contributed to the Windscale fire (but the graphite itself did not catch fire), while a graphite fire during the Chernobyl disaster contributed to the spread of radioactive material. Types Several types of Nuclear graphite, graphite-Neutron moderation, moderated nuclear reactors have been used in commercial electricity generation: *Gas-cooled reactors **Magnox **UNGG reactor **Advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) *Water-cooled reactors **RBMK **MKER **EGP-6 **N-Reactor, Hanford N-Reactor (dual us ...
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Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Zheleznogorsk (), formerly known as Krasnoyarsk-26 (), is a closed town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, with a developed nuclear industry. The town has a population of History The town was established in 1950 for the production of Weapons-grade_nuclear_material, weapons-grade plutonium.World Data Centers in RussiaInformation about the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine The history of the town and the associated defense complex are intertwined. In 1959, the government created the eastern office of S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, OKB-1 (later known as NPO PM) under the supervision of Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev, M. F. Reshetnev. Defense plants included nuclear facilities built within caverns excavated in the granite mountain on the northern edge of the city, as well as space research enterprises.''Atom Town'', edited by Vladimir Medvedev, "Bear" Company, Zheleznogorsk. It was a closed city until President Boris Yeltsin decreed in 1992 that such plac ...
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Nuclear Reactor
A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a Nuclear fission, fission nuclear chain reaction. They are used for Nuclear power, commercial electricity, nuclear marine propulsion, marine propulsion, Weapons-grade plutonium, weapons production and Research reactor, research. Fissile material, Fissile nuclei (primarily uranium-235 or plutonium-239) absorb single neutron, neutrons and split, releasing energy and multiple neutrons, which can induce further fission. Reactors stabilize this, regulating Neutron absorber, neutron absorbers and neutron moderator, moderators in the core. Fuel efficiency is exceptionally high; Enriched uranium#Low-enriched uranium (LEU), low-enriched uranium is 120,000 times more energy dense than coal. Heat from nuclear fission is passed to a working fluid Nuclear reactor#By coolant, coolant. In commercial reactors, this drives Turbine, turbines and electrical generator shafts. Some reactors are used for district heating, and isotopes, isoto ...
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BOR-60
The BOR-60 is an operational Russian research sodium-cooled fast reactor designed to test nuclear fuels, structural materials and coolants, as well as scientific experiments under fast neutron irradiation. History The BOR-60 reactor was constructed to perform tests for the commercial BN-350, BN-600 and BN-800 reactors, which also use fast neutron breeding. Construction began in 1964, and it reached first criticality in 1968. It was commissioned the following year, in 1969. Originally it used highly enriched uranium, but in 1981 it switched over to burning MOX fuel containing weapons-grade plutonium from decommissioned nuclear warheads. BOR-60 was intended to be decommissioned in 2010, but was prolonged until 2025, after which the MBIR will replace it. In 2025 a new technology is being developed for processing of radioactive liquid sodium for proper decommissioning of fast neutron reactors such as BOR-60 and BN-350 (in future it can be used when BN-600 and BN-800 reach ...
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MBIR
The MBIR is a multi-loop research reactor capable of testing lead, lead-bismuth and gas coolants, and run on MOX fuel. MBIR intends to replace the old BOR-60 experimental fast reactor that started operations at RIAR's site in 1969. It will have a design life of 50 years. History Construction has started in 2015. MBIR control assembly was installed in 2019. Reactor vessel was installed in 2023. Pilot fuel elements were produced in 2024. The MBIR is scheduled to begin operation in 2027. Estimated commissioning date is 2028. See also * Generation IV reactor * BN-800 reactor - generation IV sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor, operational since 2016 * BREST-300 - generation IV lead-cooled fast reactor The lead-cooled fast reactor is a nuclear reactor design that uses molten lead or lead-bismuth eutectic as its coolant. These materials can be used as the primary coolant because they have low neutron absorption and relatively low melting poi ..., in construction since 20 ...
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I-1 Nuclear Reactor
I1, i1, or I-1 may refer to: * Haplogroup I-M253, a human Y-chromosome haplogroup occurring at greatest frequency in Scandinavia * , a 1926 Imperial Japanese Navy submarine * Motorola i1, a smartphone by Motorola * LB&SCR I1 class, a 1906 British class of 4-4-2 steam tank locomotives * Polikarpov I-1, a 1923 Soviet monoplane fighter * I1, a rank-into-rank In set theory, a branch of mathematics, a rank-into-rank embedding is a large cardinal property defined by one of the following four axioms given in order of increasing consistency strength. (A set of rank < \lambda is one of the elements o ...