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ACSM-321
BKM-32102 BKM-321 BKM-32104C The Belkommunmash BKM-321 is a Belarusian large capacity low-floor trolleybus for intracity passenger transportation, mass-produced since 2003. It belongs to the third generation of trolleybuses developed by the Belkommunmash plant in Minsk. This model of trolleybus is used in many cities of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Moldova, Transnistria and Serbia. Of the vehicles operated in Minsk, 33% are model 321, while in Moscow it is 11%. The BKM-321 was also licence-built in Ukraine by Chernihiv as the ChAZ AKSM-321. Description Body Trolleybus model 321 is a two axle low-floor large capacity city bus. The vehicle has a load-bearing structure. Covering the roof and sides are high-strength galvanized steel sheets. The tube frame, the skin of the body, the underside of the vehicle, the surface of the frame, axles, and some other elements are processed with anti-corrosive enamel by French company RM. The body is also covered with a ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chernihiv Bus Factory
Chernihiv Bus Factory () is a Closed Joint Stock Company, private (closed) Ukrainian manufacturer of buses located in Chernihiv, owned by parent company Etalon Corporation. History The plant was founded in 2003 at the plant of ChernihivAvtoDetal (Chernihiv Factory Driveshafts), which in addition to the principal product from the late 1990s was one of the largest collector of cars from GAZ, Gorky Automobile Plant in Ukraine, part of the Etalon Corporation. Manufacturing driveshafts also been retained by the reorganized company, dubbed LLC "Ukrainian Gimbal". In 2003, with the first came off the assembly line bus BAZ-2215, BAZ-2215 "Dolphin". With increasing demands on the buses BAZ-A079, part of the production was moved to Chernihiv from Boryspil Bus Factory, also included in the corporation Etalon Corporation. In 2007, they put on the conveyor the new bus ChAZ-A074 with chassis from FAW Group, FAW. In 2008 at the factory started production of buses ChAZ-A08310. Also, in 2011, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belkommunmash
OJSC "Holding Management Company "Belkommunmash" (, Belkamunmash), is a Belarusian manufacturer of electric public transport vehicles. The enterprise was based on a tram and trolleybus repair facility which was opened in 1973. Today it is the leading industrial enterprise in Belarus in the field of manufacture and major overhaul of rolling stock for electric transportation in cities. Trolleybuses manufactured by Belkommunmash are operated in 7 cities in Belarus and over 40 cities in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Mongolia, Moldova, Argentina, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. In June 2022, EU and Switzerland imposed sanctions on Belkommunmash. Electric bus * Е420 * Е433 * Е321 File:AKSM E321 (Belkommunmash electrobus) 2.jpg, E321 in Minsk File:Belkommunmash E433 electric bus (Minsk) p1.jpg, E433 in Minsk Trams File:AKSM-1M (BKM-1M) tram (under number 028) in Minsk.jpg, AKSM - first-generation tram in Minsk File:AKCM-60102 in Minsk 2.JPG, AKS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Škoda Holding
Škoda means "pity" in the Czech and Slovak languages. It may also refer to: Czech brands and enterprises * Škoda Auto, automobile and previously bicycle manufacturer in Mladá Boleslav ** Škoda Motorsport, the division of Škoda Auto responsible for motorsport activities * Škoda Transportation, engineering company that manufactures rail vehicles, based in Plzeň * Škoda Works, engineering company, predecessor of Škoda Transportation * Škoda-Kauba, aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of the Škoda Works in occupied Czechoslovakia in World War II * Doosan Škoda Power, subsidiary of the Doosan Group, based in Plzeň People * Škoda (surname) * Skoda (Portuguese footballer) (born 1960) Art * ''Škoda lásky'', the original Czech title of the "Beer Barrel Polka" Other * British Rail Class 90 The British Rail Class 90 is a type of electric locomotive. They were built for mixed-traffic duties, operating from overhead lines and producing . They weigh 84.5tonnes and can ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trolleybuses
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or trolleyDunbar, Charles S. (1967). ''Buses, Trolleys & Trams''. Paul Hamlyn Ltd. (UK). Republished 2004 with or 9780753709702.) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead wires (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions. Currently, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trolleybuses In Belarus
Trolleybuses in Belarus form an important component of the urban public transport systems in that country. Trolleybus systems currently exist in seven cities in Belarus. The system in Minsk, in operation since 1952, is the largest trolleybus system in the world.Murray, Alan (2000). ''World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia''. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. . As of about 2005, the Minsk system had a fleet of slightly more than 1,000 trolleybuses, serving 68 routes.Webb, Mary (ed.) (2007), ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2007-2008''. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): Jane's Information Group. . Trolleybuses also serve Brest, Vitebsk, Gomel, Grodno, Mogilev and Babruysk (since 1978). For a complete list of all trolleybus systems to have existed in Belarus, with dates of opening (and city name transliterations), see List of trolleybus systems, under Belarus. As of May 2013, all seven trolleybus systems opened in Belarus remain in operation. Belarus also has some manufacturers of trolleybuses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNECE
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE or UNECE) is an intergovernmental organization or a specialized body of the United Nations. The UNECE is one of five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It was established in 1947 in order to promote economic cooperation and integration among its member states. The commission is composed of 56 member states, most of which are based in Europe, as well as a few outside Europe. Its transcontinental Eurasian or non-European member states include: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Canada, Cyprus, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United States and Uzbekistan. History The commission was first proposed in London in the summer of 1946 by the Temporary Subcommission on the Reconstruction of Devastated Areas. The commission was established by the Economic and Social Council on 28 March 1947 in order to "Initia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MAZ-203
The MAZ-203 is a fully low-floor single-decker bus. It is a representative of the second generation of MAZ city buses, being a successor to the MAZ-103. It has been built since 2006, there are over 100 models have been built already. MAZ 203 can be found in Poland, Ukraine, Russia and Romania. In Serbia, MAZ has been working in cooperation with local-based company BIK (Bus industries Kragujevac) for the manufacture of BIK-203, a bus manufactured on the basis of the platform of MAZ-203. at ekapija.rs, 20-4-2009 There is also a variant of the MAZ-203 built from 2008, MAZ-ETON T203< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suspension (vehicle)
Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, spring (device), springs, shock absorbers and Linkage (mechanical), linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems must support both road holding/Automobile handling, handling and ride quality, which are at odds with each other. The tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise. The suspension is crucial for maintaining consistent contact between the road wheel and the road surface, as all forces exerted on the vehicle by the road or ground are transmitted through the tires' contact patches. The suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear. The design of front and rear suspension of a car may be different. History An early form of suspension on ox-drawn carts had the platform swing on iron chains attached to the wheeled frame of the carriage. This system remained the basis for most suspension systems unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traction Battery
An electric vehicle battery is a rechargeable battery used to power the electric motors of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). They are typically lithium-ion batteries that are designed for high power-to-weight ratio and energy density. Compared to liquid fuels, most current battery technologies have much lower specific energy. This increases the weight of vehicles or reduces their range. Li-NMC batteries using lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides are the most common in EV. The lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP) is on the rise, reaching 41% global market share by capacity for BEVs in 2023. LFP batteries are heavier but cheaper and more sustainable. However, some commercial passenger car manufacturers are now beginning to use a sodium-ion battery completely avoiding the need for critical minerals. The battery makes up a significant portion of the cost and environmental impact of an electric vehicle. Growth in the industry has generated intere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF Friedrichshafen
ZF Friedrichshafen AG, also known as ZF Group, originally ''Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen'' (), and commonly abbreviated to ZF, is a Germany, German technology manufacturing company that supplies systems for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and industrial technology. It is headquartered in Friedrichshafen, in the south-west German state of Baden-Württemberg. Specializing in engineering, it is primarily known for its design, research and development, and manufacturing activities in the automotive industry and is one of the largest automotive suppliers in the world. Its products include powertrain, driveline and chassis technology for cars and commercial vehicles, along with specialized plant equipment such as construction equipment. It is also involved in the rail, marine, defense and aviation industries, as well as general industrial applications. ZF has 162 production locations in 31 countries with approximately 168,700 (2023) employees. History The company was founded by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rába (company)
The RÁBA Automotive Group (), commonly known as Rába, is a Hungary, Hungarian public limited company, listed on the Budapest Stock Exchange. Rába engineers, manufactures and customizes automotive components, specialty vehicles and axles for commercial vehicles, agri-machinery and earth-movers. The Rába has been building axles as well as complete vehicles since 1902. The company has three strategic business units. The company is headquartered in Győr, employing more than 2000 people. History The company was founded by local investor groups in Győr in 1896. In 1899, the Rába had started to export to foreign countries: it supplied railway passenger carriages to Egypt, the East Indies, Southern Africa, city tramcars to Amsterdam and Antwerp. The carriages of the London underground railway were constructed and manufactured in the Rába company. The London Underground Railway ordered 30 multiple-unit trains, 66 passenger cars for multiple-unit trains and bogies. In 1904, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
