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ACFI Feedwater Heater
A feedwater heater is a power plant component used to pre-heat water delivered to a steam generating boiler. Preheating the feedwater reduces the irreversibilities involved in steam generation and therefore improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the system.Fundamentals of Steam Power by Kenneth Weston, This reduces plant operating costs and also helps to avoid to the boiler metal when the feedwater is introduced back into the steam cycle. In a steam power plant (usually modeled as a modified |
Deaerator
A deaerator is a device that is used for the removal of dissolved gases like oxygen from a liquid. Thermal deaerators are commonly used to remove dissolved gases in feedwater for steam-generating boilers. The deaerator is part of the feedwater heating system. Dissolved oxygen in feedwater will cause serious corrosion damage in a boiler by attaching to the walls of metal piping and other equipment forming oxides (like rust). Dissolved carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid that may cause further corrosion. Most deaerators are designed to remove oxygen down to levels of 7 parts per billion by weight or less, as well as essentially eliminating carbon dioxide. Vacuum deaerators are used to remove dissolved gases from products such as food, personal care products, cosmetic products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals to increase the dosing accuracy in the Aseptic processing, filling process, to increase product shelf stability, to prevent oxidative effects (e.g. discolou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines and mechanism (engineering), mechanisms that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and engineering mathematics, mathematics principles with materials science, to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. It is one of the oldest and broadest of the List of engineering branches, engineering branches. Mechanical engineering requires an understanding of core areas including mechanics, Analytical dynamics, dynamics, thermodynamics, materials science, design, structural analysis, and electricity. In addition to these core principles, mechanical engineers use tools such as computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), computer-aided engineering (CAE), and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and industrial machinery, machinery, HVAC, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermal Power Plant
A thermal power station, also known as a thermal power plant, is a type of power station in which the heat energy generated from various fuel sources (e.g., coal, natural gas, nuclear fuel, etc.) is converted to electrical energy. The heat from the source is converted into mechanical energy using a thermodynamic power cycle (such as a Diesel cycle, Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle, etc.). The most common cycle involves a working fluid (often water) heated and boiled under high pressure in a pressure vessel to produce high-pressure steam. This high pressure-steam is then directed to a turbine, where it rotates the turbine's blades. The rotating turbine is mechanically connected to an electric generator which converts rotary motion into electricity. Fuels such as natural gas or oil can also be burnt directly in gas turbines ( internal combustion), skipping the steam generation step. These plants can be of the open cycle or the more efficient combined cycle type. The majorit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil Fuel Power Plant
A fossil fuel power station is a thermal power station that burns fossil fuel, such as coal, oil, or natural gas, to produce electricity. Fossil fuel power stations have machines that convert the heat energy of combustion into mechanical energy, which then powers an electrical generator. The prime mover may be a steam turbine, a gas turbine or, in small plants, a reciprocating gas engine. All plants use the energy extracted from the expansion of a hot gas, either steam or combustion gases. Although different energy conversion methods exist, all thermal power station conversion methods have their efficiency limited by the Carnot efficiency and therefore produce waste heat. Fossil fuel power stations provide most of the electrical energy used in the world. Some fossil-fired power stations are designed for continuous operation as baseload power plants, while others are used as peaker plants. However, starting from the 2010s, in many countries plants designed for baseload ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APR-1400
The APR-1400 (for Advanced Power Reactor 1400 Megawatt, MW electricity) is an advanced Pressurized water reactor, pressurized water nuclear reactor designed by the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). Originally known as the Korean Next Generation Reactor (KNGR), this Generation III reactor was developed from the earlier OPR-1000 design and also incorporates features from the US Combustion Engineering (C-E) System 80, System 80+ design. Currently in South Korea there are 4 units in operation (Kori Nuclear Power Plant, Shin Kori unit 3 and 4, Hanul Nuclear Power Plant, Shin Hanul units 1 and 2), and 2 units in construction (Shin Kori unit 5 and 6). Four units are completed and in commercial operation in the United Arab Emirates at Barakah nuclear power plant, Barakah. History APR-1400 design began in 1992 and was awarded certification by the Korean Institute of Nuclear Safety in May 2002. The design certification application was submitted to the US Nuclear Regulatory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korea Electric Power Corporation
Korea Electric Power Corporation, better known as KEPCO () or Hanjeon (), is the largest electric utility in South Korea, responsible for the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity and the development of electric power projects including those in nuclear power, wind power and coal. KEPCO, through its subsidiaries, is responsible for 96% of Korea's electricity generation as of 2023. The South Korean government (directly and indirectly) owns a 51.10% share of KEPCO. Together with its affiliates and subsidiaries, KEPCO has an installed capacity of 83,235 MW. On the 2023 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's largest companies, KEPCO was ranked 258. KEPCO is a member of the World Energy Council, the World Nuclear Association and the World Association of Nuclear Operators. As of September 2024, KEPCO possesses an AA credit rating with S&P Ratings, while Moody's has assigned KEPCO an Aa2 stable rating. Originally located in Samseong-dong, Seoul, KEPCO he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
System 80
System 80 is a pressurized water reactor design by Combustion Engineering (which was subsequently bought by Asea Brown Boveri and eventually merged into the Westinghouse Electric Company). Three System 80 reactors were built at Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station. System 80+ An updated version of the plant has been designed which was given a "+" at the end of the name. This indicates an ''evolutionary'' plant design - changes were made to improve costs and safety. The control rods differ by using both 12 finger CEAs (control element assemblies) and 4 finger CEAs. The 12 finger rods are more reactive and only used for shutdown, while the 4 finger CEAs are used to control reactivity smoothly during operation. The System 80+ in 1993 was considered by members of the American Nuclear Society as the "premier" burner of weapons grade plutonium, as the reactor design can handle a full inventory of MOX plutonium. After the Cold War ended, 100 tons of surplus weapons grade plutonium ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrial Furnace
An industrial furnace is a device used to provide heat for an industrial process, typically operating at temperatures above 400 degrees Celsius. These furnaces generate heat by combusting fuel with air or oxygen, or through Electricity, electrical energy, and are used across various industries for applications such as chemical reactions, cremation, Oil refinery, oil refining, and Glass melting furnace, glasswork. The residual heat is expelled as flue gas. While the term industrial furnace encompasses a wide range of high-temperature equipment, one specific type is the direct fired heater, also known as a direct fired furnace or process furnace. Direct fired heaters are primarily used in refinery and petrochemical applications to efficiently transfer heat to process fluids by means of combustion. Unlike other industrial furnaces used in metallurgical furnace, metallurgy or batch ovens, direct fired heaters are optimized for precise temperature control and high thermal efficiency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entropy
Entropy is a scientific concept, most commonly associated with states of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of information theory. It has found far-ranging applications in chemistry and physics, in biological systems and their relation to life, in cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, climate change and information systems including the transmission of information in telecommunication. Entropy is central to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated system left to spontaneous evolution cannot decrease with time. As a result, isolated systems evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium, where the entropy is highest. A consequence of the second law of thermodynamics is that certain processes are irreversible. The thermodynami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isenthalpic
An isenthalpic process or isoenthalpic process is a process that proceeds without any change in enthalpy, ''H''; or specific enthalpy, ''h''. Overview If a steady-state, steady-flow process is analysed using a control volume, everything outside the control volume is considered to be the ''surroundings''.G. J. Van Wylen and R. E. Sonntag, ''Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics'', Section 2.1 (3rd edition). Such a process will be isenthalpic if there is no transfer of heat to or from the surroundings, no work done on or by the surroundings, and no change in the kinetic energy of the fluid.G. J. Van Wylen and R. E. Sonntag, ''Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics'', Section 5.13 (3rd edition). This is a sufficient but not necessary condition for isoenthalpy. The necessary condition for a process to be isoenthalpic is that the sum of each of the terms of the energy balance other than enthalpy (work, heat, changes in kinetic energy, etc.) cancel each other, so that the enthalpy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
