|
A. Teeuw
Andries Teeuw (12 August 1921 – 18 May 2012), better known as A. Teeuw in scholarly circles and Hans Teeuw to his friends, was a Dutch critic of Indonesian literature. Biography Teeuw was born in Gorinchem, Netherlands, on 12 August 1921. Teeuw conducted a field study of Indonesian literature in Yogyakarta between 1945 and 1947. While in Yogyakarta, he worked on translating the ''Bhomakhawya'', described as one of the most difficult kakawins. Teeuw was unable to complete the translation, noting that some parts were guesswork and other cantos were indecipherable. In 1946 he graduated with a doctorate in literature from Utrecht University, using his translation as the basis for his dissertation. In 1950 he took a position as lecturer of Malay literature at the University of Indonesia, a position which he held until 1951. It is while at the University of Indonesia that he published his first book on Indonesian literature, entitled ''Voltooid Voorspel''. The work was later ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorinchem
Gorinchem ( ), pronunciation respelling, also spelled Gorkum, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of of which is water. It had a population of in . The municipality of Gorinchem also includes the population centre of Dalem, Netherlands, Dalem. History It is generally assumed that Gorinchem was founded 1000 AD by fishermen and farmers on the raised land near the mouth of the river Linge at the Merwede. ''Goriks Heem'' ("Home of Gorik" in early Middle Dutch) is first mentioned in a document from 1224 in which Floris IV, Count of Holland, Floris IV granted people from Gorinchem exemption of Toll (fee), toll payments throughout Holland. Somewhere between 1247 and 1267, Gorinchem became property of the Land van Arkel, Lords of Arkel. At the end of the 13th century earthen mounds reinforced with palisades were built around the settlement to protect it from domination by the neighboring counties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honorary Doctorate
An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases ''honoris causa'' ("for the sake of the honour") or '' ad honorem '' ("to the honour"). The degree is typically a doctorate or, less commonly, a master's degree, and may be awarded to someone who has no prior connection with the academic institution or no previous postsecondary education. An example of identifying a recipient of this award is as follows: Doctorate in Business Administration (''Hon. Causa''). The degree is often conferred as a way of honouring a distinguished visitor's contributions to a specific field or to society in general. Honorary doctorates are purely titular degrees in that they confer no rights on the recipient and carry with them no formal academic qualification. As such, it is always expected that such degrees be listed in one's curriculum vitae (CV) as an award, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana
Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana (11 February 1908 – 17 July 1994) was an Indonesian author. He was born in Natal, North Sumatra. His family came from Minangkabau who migrated there in the 19th century. He was a founder and editor of '' Poedjangga Baroe''. He became one of Indonesian literature's guiding lights in its formative years, particularly in the time around independence. Sutan Takdir believed that Indonesia could learn from the values of western civilization and remained a great exponent of modernism throughout his life. A Renaissance man himself – the author of numerous books on a range of subjects – he was working on a novel at the time of his death in 1994. The famous novel, '' Layar Terkembang'', showed him as a progressive author. He died in Jakarta on 17 July 1994. Biography Alisjahbana was born on 11 February 1908. His first novel, ''Tak Putus Dirundung Malang'' (Misfortune without End) was published by Balai Pustaka in 1929. STA Together with A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salah Asuhan
''Salah Asuhan'' (Indonesian: Wrong Upbringing) is an Indonesian novel by Abdul Muis originally published in 1928 by Balai Pustaka. It is widely considered one of the best examples of early modern Indonesian literature. Background ''Salah Asuhan'' was written during the colonial period and published by Balai Pustaka, which published books "suitable for native Indonesian reading." In order to be published, books had to avoid themes of rebellion and use formal Malay. As such, ''Salah Asuhan'' had to be rewritten with the European characters shown in a positive light after Balai Pustaka refused to publish it. Plot The story revolves around the Minangkabau Hanafi and his friend, the half-French half-Minangkabau Corrie du Bussée. Although Hanafi is Minangkabau and a Muslim, he considers European culture to be superior and has many European friends. After graduating from high school in Solok, Hanafi admits his love to Corrie and kisses her. However, Corrie feels ashamed afterwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Muis
Abdul Muis (also spelt Abdoel Moeis; 1886 – 17 July 1959), was an Indonesian writer, journalist and nationalist. He advocated for Indonesia's independence from the Netherlands. He was the first person to be named a national hero by President Sukarno. Biography Born in Sungai Puar, West Sumatra in 1886 to a leading member of the Minangkabau, Muis received a western education and studied medicine in Jakarta for three years before being forced to pull out due to ill health. Muis first found employment in the civil service, as a clerk at the Department of Education, but was discriminated by his Dutch colleagues, leaving in 1905, switching to journalism and becoming involved in nationalist publications such as ''Kaoem Moeda'', a paper he co-founded in 1912. He became known for his inflammatory articles, which were highly critical of Dutch involvement in Indonesia. For example, essays published in ''De Express'', a Dutch-language newspaper, were highly critical of Dutch attit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merari Siregar
Merari Siregar (13 July 1896 – 23 April 1941) was an Indonesian writer and also the author of the first novel written in Indonesian. He completed his studies at a ''Kweekschool'' and in 1923 received a diploma as ''Handelscorrespondent Bond'' 'Federal Trade Correspondent' in Jakarta. He taught in Medan, North Sumatra, and then worked in a public hospital in Jakarta, after that he started to move again, this time to Madura. He wrote ''Si Jamin dan Si Johan'' ('The History of Jamin and Johan') which was an adaptation of ''Jan Smees'' by the Dutch author Justus Van Maurik. In ''Cerita tentang Busuk dan Wanginya Kota Betawi'', he wrote about the "rot" and "perfume" of Batavia. He is especially known for ''Azab dan Sengsara'' ('Pain and Suffering') from 1920 about the problems of a forced marriage. 'Larousse'' "Merari Siregar" accessed 2009-04-03 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sitti Nurbaya
''Sitti Nurbaya: Kasih Tak Sampai'' (''Sitti Nurbaya: Unrealized Love'', often abbreviated ''Sitti Nurbaya'' or ''Siti Nurbaya''; original spelling ''Sitti Noerbaja'') is an Indonesian novel by Marah Rusli. It was published by Balai Pustaka, the state-owned publisher and literary bureau of the Dutch East Indies, in 1922. The author was influenced by the cultures of the west Sumatran Minangkabau and the Dutch colonials, who had controlled Indonesia in various forms since the 17th century. Another influence may have been a negative experience within the author's family; after he had chosen a Sundanese woman to be his wife, Rusli's family brought him back to Padang and forced him to marry a Minangkabau woman chosen for him. ''Sitti Nurbaya'' tells the story of two teenage lovers, Samsul Bahri and Sitti Nurbaya, who wish to be together but are separated after Samsul bahri is forced to go to Batavia. Not long afterwards, Nurbaya unhappily offers herself to marry the abusive and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marah Roesli
Marah Roesli (; full name: Marah Rusli bin Abu Bakar) was an Indonesian writer. Biography Marah Roesli was born in Padang, Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatra on 7 August 1889, and died in Bandung, West Java on 17 January 1968. He was one of the most well-known Indonesian authors from the Balai Pustaka period. He is famous for his novel ''Sitti Nurbaya'', which tells the story of a teenage girl who was forced to marry a man much older than herself to recompense his father's debt. Like other Minangkabau people, Minangkabau authors, such as Hamka, Ali Akbar Navis, and Abdul Muis, his novels centre on the theme of the increasingly bankrupt Minangkabau culture. Marah Roesli's father, Sultan Abu Bakar, was a nobleman with the rank Sultan Pangeran. Against his family's wishes, Marah Roesli married a Sundanese people, Sundanese woman born in Bogor in 1911, and they had three children, two boys and one girl. Although this marriage was strongly abhorred by his parents, he did not give it up. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proclamation Of Indonesian Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 Tokyo Standard Time on Friday 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day. The date of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made a public holiday by a government decree issued on 18 June 1946. Background The beginnings of the independence movement In 1918, the Dutch authorities in the Dutch East Indies established a partly-elected People's Council, the '' Volksraad'', which for the first time gave Indonesian nationalists a voice. Meanwhile, Indonesian students studying in the Netherlands formed the Perhimpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Awakening
The Indonesian National Awakening () is a term for the period in the first half of the 20th century, during which people from many parts of the archipelago of Indonesia first began to develop a national consciousness as "Indonesians". In the pursuit of profits and administrative control, the Dutch imposed an authority of the Dutch East Indies on an array of peoples who had not previously shared a unified political identity. By the start of the 20th century, the Dutch had formed the territorial boundaries of a colonial state that became the precursor to modern Indonesia. In the first half of the 20th century, new organisations and leadership developed. Under its Ethical Policy, the Netherlands helped create an educated Indonesian elite. These profound changes amongst the indigenous Indonesian population are often referred to as the "Indonesian National Revival". They were accompanied by increased political activism and culminated in Indonesian nationalists' proclaiming indep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages), phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language, and analogous systems of sign languages), and pragmatics (how the context of use contributes to meaning). Subdisciplines such as biolinguistics (the study of the biological variables and evolution of language) and psycholinguistics (the study of psychological factors in human language) bridge many of these divisions. Linguistics encompasses Outline of linguistics, many branches and subfields that span both theoretical and practical applications. Theoretical linguistics is concerned with understanding the universal grammar, universal and Philosophy of language#Nature of language, fundamental nature of language and developing a general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
