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6-Tetralinyl-2-aminopropane
6-(2-Aminopropyl)tetralin (6-APT), also sometimes called tetralinylaminopropane (TAP), is a drug of the amphetamine class which acts as a selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA). It has IC50 values of 121 nM, 6,436 nM, and 3,371 nM for inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, respectively. Though it possesses an appreciable ''in vitro'' profile, in animal drug discrimination studies it was not found to substitute for MMAI or amphetamine and to only partially substitute for MBDB. This parallels Alexander Shulgin's finding that EDMA (the 1,4-benzodioxine analogue of 6-APT) is limitedly active, and appears to indicate that the pharmacokinetics of both EDMA and 6-APT may not be favorable. See also * 2-Aminotetralin * 5-APDI * Naphthylaminopropane Naphthylaminopropane (NAP; code name PAL-287), also known as naphthylisopropylamine (NIPA), is an experimental drug of the amphetamine and naphthylaminopropane families that was under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin Releasing Agents
A serotonin releasing agent (SRA) is a type of drug that induces the release of serotonin into the neuronal synaptic cleft. A selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) is an SRA with less significant or no efficacy in producing neurotransmitter efflux at other types of monoamine neurons, including dopamine and norepinephrine neurons. SRAs, for instance fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, and chlorphentermine, have been used clinically as appetite suppressants. However, these SRAs were withdrawn from the market due to toxicity in the 1990s and no SRAs were available or employable for clinical study for many years. In any case, a low-dose formulation was reintroduced for treatment of Dravet syndrome in 2020 and this allowed clinical and research use of SRAs in humans once again. Aside from use as appetite suppressants, SSRAs have been proposed as novel antidepressants and anxiolytics, with the potential for a faster onset of action and superior effectiveness relative to the select ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MBDB
MBDB, also known as ''N''-methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine or as 3,4-methylenedioxy-''N''-methyl-α-ethylphenylethylamine, is an entactogen of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and phenylisobutylamine families related to MDMA. It is known by the street names "Eden" and "Methyl-J". History and effects MBDB was first synthesized by pharmacologist and medicinal chemist David E. Nichols and later tested by Alexander Shulgin and described in his book, '' PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story''. MBDB's dosage, according to ''PiHKAL'', is 180 to 210mg; the proper dosage relative to body mass seems unknown. Its duration is 4 to 6hours, with noticeable after-effects lasting for 1 to 3hours. MBDB was initially developed as a non-psychedelic entactogen. It has lower effects on the dopamine system in comparison to other entactogens such as MDMA. MBDB causes many mild, MDMA-like effects, in particular the lowering of social barriers and inhibitions, pronounced sense of empathy and compassion, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Amphetamines
Substituted amphetamines, or simply amphetamines, are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents. The compounds in this class span a variety of pharmacological subclasses, including stimulants, empathogens, and hallucinogens, among others. Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, mephentermine, tranylcypromine, bupropion, methoxyphenamine, selegiline, amfepramone (diethylpropion), pyrovalerone, MDMA (ecstasy), and DOM (STP). Some of amphetamine's substituted derivatives occur in nature, for example in the leaves of '' Ephedra'' and khat plants. Amphetamine was first produced at the end of the 19th century. By the 1930s, amphetamine and some of its derivative compounds found use as decongestants in the symptomat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TH-PVP
TH-PVP is a substituted cathinone derivative which has been sold as a designer drug. It was first identified by a forensic laboratory in Hungary in 2015, but has subsequently been found in numerous other countries around the world including Spain, Belgium, Poland, Turkey and Brazil. Pharmacological studies ''in vitro'' showed it to inhibit reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters, with about 10-fold selectivity for serotonin over norepinephrine and dopamine, whereas the drug did not induce monoamine release. Despite its activity as a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, TH-PVP failed to produce stimulant effects in animals. See also * 3,4-Pr-PipVP * 3-Me-PVP * 4-Et-PVP * 5-BPDi * 6-APT * EDMA * Indapyrophenidone * Naphyrone * O-2390 O-2390 (3,4-Dichloro-alpha-PVP, DCPVP) is a recreational designer drug from the substituted cathinone family, which acts as a potent inhibitor of dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake ''in vitro'', with weaker but still significant inhibition of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naphthylaminopropane
Naphthylaminopropane (NAP; code name PAL-287), also known as naphthylisopropylamine (NIPA), is an experimental drug of the amphetamine and naphthylaminopropane families that was under investigation for the treatment of alcohol and stimulant addiction. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Activities Naphthylaminopropane is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). Its values for induction of monoamine release are 3.4nM for serotonin, 11.1nM for norepinephrine, and 12.6nM for dopamine. The drug is also an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors. Its values are 466nM at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 40nM at the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor, and 2.3nM at the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. It is a full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors and a weak partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor ( = 20%). Naphthylaminopropane has been found to act as a potent monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor, with an of 420nM. This is s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-APDI
5-(2-Aminopropyl)-2,3-dihydro-1''H''-indene (5-APDI), also known as indanylaminopropane (IAP), 2-aminopropylindane (2-API), indanametamine, and, incorrectly, as indanylamphetamine, is an entactogen and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine family. It has been sold by online vendors through the Internet and has been encountered as a designer drug since 2003, but its popularity and availability has diminished in recent years. 5-APDI appears to act as a potent and weakly selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) with IC50 values of 82 nM, 1,848 nM, and 849 nM for inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, respectively. It fully substitutes for MBDB but not amphetamine in trained animals, though it does produce disruption for the latter at high doses. 5-APDI has been classified as a class B drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 since 10 June 2014. See also * DiFMDA * 5-MAPDI 5-MAPDI (also known as Indanylmethylaminopropane or IMP) is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-Aminotetralin
2-Aminotetralin (2-AT), also known as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine (THN), is a stimulant drug with a chemical structure consisting of a tetralin core with an amine as substituent. 2-AT is a rigid analogue of phenylisobutylamine and fully substitutes for d-amphetamine in rat drug discrimination tests, although at one-half to one-eighth the potency. It showed greater potency than a variety of other amphetamine homologues, including 2-amino-1,2-dihydronapthalene (2-ADN), 2-aminoindane (2-AI), 1-naphthylaminopropane (1-NAP), 2-naphthylaminopropane (2-NAP), 1-phenylpiperazine (1-PP), , and . 2-AT has been shown to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, and might induce their release as well. It is also likely to act on dopamine on account of its full substitution of d-amphetamine in rodent studies. Chemical derivatives A number of derivatives of 2-aminotetralin exist, including: See also * 1-Aminotetralin 1-Aminotetralin (1-AT), also known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharmacokinetic
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek ''pharmakon'' "drug" and ''kinetikos'' "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to describing how the body affects a specific substance after administration. The substances of interest include any chemical xenobiotic such as pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, food additives, cosmetics, etc. It attempts to analyze chemical metabolism and to discover the fate of a chemical from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body. Pharmacokinetics is based on mathematical modeling that places great emphasis on the relationship between drug plasma concentration and the time elapsed since the drug's administration. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects the drug, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of how the drug affects the organism. Both together influence dosing, benefit, and adverse effects, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Activity (chemistry)
In thermodynamics, activity (symbol ) is a measure of the "effective concentration" of a species in a mixture, in the sense that the species' chemical potential depends on the activity of a real solution in the same way that it would depend on concentration for an ideal solution. The term "activity" in this sense was coined by the American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis in 1907. By convention, activity is treated as a dimensionless quantity, although its value depends on customary choices of standard state for the species. The activity of pure substances in condensed phases (solids and liquids) is taken as = 1. Activity depends on temperature, pressure and composition of the mixture, among other things. For gases, the activity is the effective partial pressure, and is usually referred to as fugacity. The difference between activity and other measures of concentration arises because the interactions between different types of molecules in non-ideal gases or solutions are differen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Analogue
A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component. It can differ in one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, which are replaced with other atoms, groups, or substructures. A structural analog can be imagined to be formed, at least theoretically, from the other compound. Structural analogs are often isoelectronic. Despite a high chemical similarity, structural analogs are not necessarily functional analogs and can have very different physical, chemical, biochemical, or pharmacological properties. In drug discovery, either a large series of structural analogs of an initial lead compound are created and tested as part of a structure–activity relationship study or a database is screened for structural analogs of a lead compound. Chemical analogues of illegal drugs are developed and sold in order to circumvent laws. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
