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48th Fighter Squadron (Romania)
The 48th Fighter Squadron () is a Romanian Air Force fighter squadron operating the F-16AM/BM fighter aircraft delivered from Norway in 2024. The squadron was first formed on 19 April 1942, then reactivated on 30 June 1982, becoming the 71st Fighter Bombardment Aviation Regiment four years later. It is currently based at the 71st Air Base in Câmpia Turzii. History World War II The 48th Fighter Squadron was formed on 19 April 1942 within the ''Grupul 9 Vânătoare'' (9th Fighter Group) of the ''Flotila 1 Vânătoare'' (1st Fighter Flotilla). Under the command of Lieutenant (Lt.) Ion Bozero, the airmen of the 48th Squadron together with the 47th Fighter Squadron converted to the IAR 80 after training on Fleet 10 and Nardi FN.305 aircraft. In February 1943, the group squadrons further converted to the He 112B and were moved to the Tiraspol airfield from Pipera. Conversion to the Bf 109 started on 4 April with German aviator Helmut Lipfert as instructor. On 23 October, the squad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerial Refueling
Aerial refueling ( en-us), or aerial refuelling ( en-gb), also referred to as air refueling, in-flight refueling (IFR), air-to-air refueling (AAR), and tanking, is the process of transferring aviation fuel from one aircraft (the tanker) to another (the receiver) while both aircraft are in flight. The two main refueling systems are '' probe-and-drogue'', which is simpler to adapt to existing aircraft and the '' flying boom'', which offers faster fuel transfer, but requires a dedicated boom operator station. The procedure allows the receiving aircraft to remain airborne longer, extending its range or loiter time. A series of air refuelings can give range limited only by crew fatigue/physical needs and engineering factors such as engine oil consumption. Because the receiver aircraft is topped-off with extra fuel in the air, air refueling can allow a takeoff with a greater payload which could be weapons, cargo, or personnel: the maximum takeoff weight is maintained by carrying ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
The General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon is an American single-engine supersonic Multirole combat aircraft, multirole fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force (USAF). Designed as an air superiority day fighter, it evolved into a successful night fighter, all-weather multirole aircraft with over 4,600 built since 1976. Although no longer purchased by the U.S. Air Force, improved versions are being built for export. In 1993, General Dynamics sold its aircraft manufacturing business to the Lockheed Corporation, which became part of Lockheed Martin after a 1995 merger with Martin Marietta. The F-16's key features include a frameless bubble canopy for enhanced cockpit visibility, a side-stick, side-mounted control stick to ease control while maneuvering, an ejection seat reclined 30 degrees from vertical to reduce the effect of g-forces on the pilot, and the first use of a relaxed stability, relaxed static stability/fly-by-wire fligh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dogfight
A dogfight, or dog fight, is an air combat manoeuvring, aerial battle between fighter aircraft that is conducted at close range. Modern terminology for air-to-air combat is air combat manoeuvring (ACM), which refers to tactical situations requiring the use of individual basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) to attack or evade one or more opponents. This differs from aerial warfare, which deals with the strategy involved in planning and executing various missions. Dogfighting first occurred during the Mexican Revolution in 1913, shortly after the invention of the airplane. It was a component of every major war after that, though with steadily declining frequency, until the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Since then, longer-range weapons such as beyond-visual-range missiles have made dogfighting largely obsolete. Etymology The term ''dogfight'' has been used for centuries to describe a melee: a fierce, fast-paced close quarters battle, battle at close quarters between two or mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ground Attack
Close air support (CAS) is defined as aerial warfare actions—often air-to-ground actions such as strafes or airstrikes—by military aircraft against hostile targets in close proximity to friendly forces. A form of fire support, CAS requires detailed integration of each air mission with fire and movement of all forces involved. CAS may be conducted using aerial bombs, glide bombs, missiles, rockets, autocannons, machine guns, and even directed-energy weapons such as lasers.''Close Air Support''. United States Department of Defense, 2014. The requirement for detailed integration because of proximity, fires or movement is the determining factor. CAS may need to be conducted during shaping operations with special forces if the mission requires detailed integration with the fire and movement of those forces. A closely related subset of air interdiction, battlefield air interdiction, denotes interdiction against units with near-term effects on friendly units, but which does not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bomber Escort
The escort fighter was a concept for a fighter aircraft designed to escort bombers to and from their targets. An escort fighter needed range long enough to reach the target, loiter over it for the duration of the raid to defend the bombers, and return. A number of twin-engined heavy fighters with high fuel capacity were designed for escort duties prior to the outbreak of World War II. Such heavy fighters largely failed in their intended escort role during the war, as they were commonly outmaneuvered by more agile single-engined fighters. As the war progressed, longer-range fighter designs and the use of drop tanks allowed single-engined fighters to perform escort duties. In the post-war era the introduction of jet engines and their inherent short range made escort fighters very difficult to build. The related concept of a penetration fighter emerged briefly in the 1950s and again in the 1960s, but did not result in any production aircraft. Parasite fighters—small aircraft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henichesk
Henichesk (, ; , ) is a port city along the Sea of Azov in Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative centre of Henichesk Raion. Since 9 November 2022, it has served as the temporary administrative centre of the Russian occupation administration in the region. Henichesk also hosts the administration of Henichesk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. In January 2022, Henichesk had an estimated population of As a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city has been under Russian occupation. Following the 2022 Ukrainian southern counteroffensive, Henichesk became the '' de facto'' administrative centre of the oblast under Russian occupation. History In 1640 Evliya Çelebi mentioned a Chenishke fortress. The name Henichesk is derived from a Turkic root for "narrow" referring to a thin strip of Azov Sea nearby. In 1648 Guillaume de Beauplan described it: "is but two hundred paces over, and fordable in calm weather". After the annexa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helmut Lipfert
Helmut Lipfert (6 August 1916 – 10 August 1990) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II. Lipfert ranks as the world's thirteenth fighter ace. Lipfert was credited with 203 victories achieved in 687 combat missions. All his victories were claimed over the Eastern Front and included a P-51 Mustang, 41 Yakovlev Yak-1, 41 Yakovlev Yak-9 fighters, two four-engine bombers and 39 Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft. He was shot down fifteen times, without being injured. Born in Lippelsdorf, Lipfert joined the military service in 1937, at first serving with the 1st Panzer Division before he transferred to the Luftwaffe in 1941. Trained as a fighter pilot, Lipfert was posted to ''Jagdgeschwader'' 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in late 1942. He claimed his first aerial victory in January 1943. In March 1943, Lipfert was appointed acting ''Staffelkapitän'' (squadron leader) of 4. '' Staffel'' (4th squadron) of JG 52. Following his 90th aerial victory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Messerschmitt Bf 109
The Messerschmitt Bf 109 is a monoplane fighter aircraft that was designed and initially produced by the Nazi Germany, German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt#History, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). Together with the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, the Bf 109 formed the backbone of the ''Luftwaffe's'' fighter force during the World War II. It was commonly called the Me 109 by Allied aircrew and some German aces/pilots, even though this was not the official model designation. The Bf 109 was designed by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser, who worked at BFW during the early to mid-1930s. It was conceived as an interceptor aircraft, interceptor. However, later models were developed to fulfill multiple tasks, serving as Escort fighter, bomber escort, fighter-bomber, day fighter, day-, night fighter, night-, all-weather fighter, ground-attack aircraft, and aerial reconnaissance aircraft. It was one of the most advanced fighters when the fighter first appeared, being furnished with an all-me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipera Airport
Bucharest Pipera Airfield was located in the Pipera neighborhood of Bucharest, Romania, at the northern edge of the city, right next to the town of Voluntari, Ilfov County. The airport no longer exists. A small military base, which also hosts the National Museum of Romanian Aviation, remains in the location where the airport used to be. History The airfield was established in 1915. It was used by the Romanian Air Corps to continue the training of pilots who graduated from the Cotroceni Military Pilot School. In October 1919, a Zeppelin-Staaken R.XIVa which crash landed near Cristinești was brought to Pipera. The heavy bomber flew from Cristinești to the airfield with a stop in Adjud. It was used to train bomber pilots for several years. In the interwar period, the airfield was used for civilian purposes as well. The first direct flight from Paris to Bucharest was done by the French–Romanian airline company CFRNA/CIDNA, with an airplane piloted by Albert Louis Deullin, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiraspol
Tiraspol (, ; also /; , ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Transnistria, a breakaway state of Moldova, where it is the third-largest city. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River. Tiraspol is a regional hub of culture, economy, tourism, and light industry, such as furniture and electrical goods production. The modern city of Tiraspol was founded by the Russian generalissimo Alexander Suvorov in 1792, although the area had been inhabited for thousands of years by varying ethnic groups. The city celebrates its anniversary every year on 14 October. Etymology The toponym consists of two ancient Greek words: , ''Tyras'', the Classical antiquity, Ancient name for the Dniester River, and ''polis'', i.e., a city (state). History Classical and medieval history Tyras (), also spelled ''Tiras'', was a Greek colonisation, colony of the Greek city Miletus, probably founded about 600 BC, situated some from the mouth of the Tiras River (Dniester). Of n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nardi FN
Nardi may refer to: Industrial * Nardi (agricultural machinery manufacturer), Italian manufacturer of agricultural machinery * Nardi (carmaker), an Italian automobile and racing car maker * Nardi 750LM, an automobile, one of the starters for the 1955 24-hour Le Mans race * Fratelli Nardi, an Italian aircraft manufacturer formed in the early 1930s ** Nardi FN.305, a fighter trainer and liaison monoplane, 1935 ** Nardi FN.310, a four-seat touring monoplane, 1936 ** Nardi FN.315, a training monoplane, 1938 ** Nardi FN.316, an advanced fighter trainer monoplane, 1941 ** Nardi FN.333, a luxury touring amphibious aircraft, 1952 People * Luca Nardi (b. 2003), Italian tennis player Science * 26268 Nardi, a minor planet in the main asteroid belt * Nardi test, a medical diagnostic test * Quassia sp. 'Mount Nardi', a plant found in northeastern New South Wales, Australia Other uses * Nardi (game), a Russian tables game played on a backgammon board * Nardi (name), including a li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fleet Model 1
The Fleet Model 1 (originally the Consolidated Model 14 Husky Junior) and its derivatives are a family of two-seat trainer and sports biplanes produced in the United States and Canada in the 1920s and 1930s. They all shared the same basic design and varied mainly in their powerplants. Development The Fleet Model 1 and its derivatives were all orthodox biplanes with staggered, single-bay wings of equal span and fixed tailskid undercarriage. Accommodation was provided for two in tandem, originally sharing a single open cockpit, but in most examples in separate open cockpits. The fuselage was made of welded steel tube with triangular-layout Warren truss construction pattern side structures typical of the time, and the wings had a wooden spar with duralumin ribs, the entire aircraft being fabric-covered. Despite a superficial resemblance to Consolidated's highly successful Trusty and Husky designs (hence the "Husky Junior" nickname), the Model 14 was an all-new design. Original ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
