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35th International Division
The 35th Division () was a division of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. This unit was established in March 1937 in order to gather certain scattered units of the International Brigades under one command, therefore it was also known as the 35th International Division (''35.ª División Internacional''). It took part in some of the major battles of the conflict such as Brunete, Teruel and the Battle of the Ebro persistently being afflicted by numerous casualties, especially in the latter. History The 35th Division was established on 23 March 1937 with the XII and XIV International Brigades and the 69th Mixed Brigade, becoming part of the 5th Army Corps. The command of the division was entrusted to Karol Świerczewski, also known as "General Walter" and the Chief of Staff was Lt. Colonel Ludwig Renn, a renowned German Communist. It took part in the Segovia Offensive towards the end of May together with the 34th Division led by José María Gal� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Republican Army
The Spanish Republican Army () was the main branch of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic between 1931 and 1939. It became known as People's Army of the Republic (''Ejército Popular de la República'') after it was reorganized, following the disbandment of the voluntary militias that were formed in July 1936 at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. History The Spanish Republican Army went through two clear phases during its existence: * The pre-Civil War phase, before the Spanish coup of July 1936, coup of July 1936 that would fracture the Spanish military institution *The Civil War reorganization of the forces that remained loyal to the established republican government. Background Following the loss of Spain's last colonies, Cuba and Philippines, in 1898, the country's armed forces grew disgruntled and the public's view toward them worsened. Military leaders resented the attitude of the Spanish politicians and the public opin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XII International Brigade
The XII International Brigade was mustered on 7 November 1936 at Albacete, Spain. It was formerly named the Garibaldi Brigade, after the most famous and inspiring leader in the Italian Independence Wars, General Giuseppe Garibaldi. Structure Its first commanding officer was a Soviet advisor of Hungarian origin, Gen. "Pavol Lukács" (Máté Zalka), who went on to command the 45th Division of the Spanish Republican Army (he was killed during the Huesca Offensive), and its first political commisar was Gustav Regler. The brigade included, among others, the following battalions: *Garibaldi Battalion – Albanians, Albanian, Italian and Spanish volunteers, led by Randolfo Pacciardi. *André Marty Battalion – Franco-Belgian volunteers (named after André Marty). *Dabrowski Battalion also known as the Dombrowski Battalion – exiled Polish volunteers *Thaelmann Battalion – German and Austrian volunteers (named after Ernst Thälmann), led by Ludwig Renn. *Figlio Battalion – Spanish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codo, Aragon
Codo is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2008 census ( INE), the municipality has a population of 228 inhabitants. This town is located in the Campo de Belchite comarca, between Belchite and Quinto. See also *List of municipalities in Zaragoza This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Zaragoza (Saragossa in English) in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. There are 293 municipalities in the province. List See also *Geography of Spain *List of cities in Spain ... References Municipalities in the Province of Zaragoza {{Zaragoza-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Walter
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. French Revolutionary system Arab system Other variations Other nomenclatures for general officers include the titles and ranks: * Adjutant general * Commandant-general * Inspector general * General-in-chief * General of the Air Force (USAF only) * General of the Armies of the United States (of America), a title created for General John J. Pershing, and subsequently granted posthumously to George Washington and Ulysses S. Grant * (" general admiral") ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Guilloto León
Juan Guilloto León, usually referred to as Modesto or Juan Modesto (24 September 1906 – 16 April 1969), was a Republican army officer during the Spanish Civil War. Biography Early life Born at El Puerto de Santa María in Cádiz, Juan Guilloto worked at a sawmill before joining the Spanish Army. He served in Morocco, becoming a corporal of the Regulares colonial troops based in Larache. Juan Guilloto was affiliated with the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) from 1930, and in 1933 he was placed in charge of the '' Milicias Antifascistas Obreras y Campesinas'' (''MAOC'') in Madrid, which constituted a paramilitary force for the Party. He organized the ''Sindicato de Oficios Varios y el Socorro Rojo'', which coordinated relations with the Socorro Rojo Internacional. Spanish Civil War When the Spanish Civil War broke out in July 1936, Juan Guilloto participated in the assault of Cuartel de la Montaña, and the Battle of Guadarrama fought in the Guadarrama Mountain Range. He w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th Division (Spain)
The 11th Division ()Carlos Engel, ''Historia de las Brigadas Mixtas del E. P. de la República'', 1999 was a Division (military), division of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. It was formed in January 1937 in Madrid beginning with the 1st Mixed Brigade which in turn had originated in the Fifth Regiment. Nicknamed ''División Líster'', it would become one of the elite divisions, as well as one of the most battle-hardened formations, of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces. History Origins: The 'C Division' Although the 11th Division was officially established on 24 January 1937, its origin lies in the C Division of the Republican Army that was created owing to circumstances by joining a number of newly constituted mixed brigades in order to send them to the Jarama River area in order to respond to the rebel attacks towards the Valencia road. However, after much effort, Enrique Líster's men were successful in repelling the rebel offensive at the Battle of Jara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaragoza Offensive
The Zaragoza Offensive took place during the Spanish Civil War in 1937. This battle involved the Spanish Republican Army. The main goal of the offensive was to occupy the city of Zaragoza. The main action of the offensive was the battle of Belchite. Background In August 1937, the commander in chief of the Republican Army, Vicente Rojo, decided to launch an offensive in the Aragon front in order to take the regional capital, Saragossa. The main goal of the offensive was to stop the Nationalist offensive against Santander. Furthermore, Saragossa was the communications centre of the whole Aragon front. Opposing forces In the Aragon front the Republican Army had deployed the Army of the East, led by the general Pozas and his chief of staff Antonio Cordon. This army had six divisions ( Lister's 11th Division, 26th Division, 27th Division, Walter's 35th Division, 43rd Division; and Kleber's 45th Division). Furthermore, the Republicans had 200 aircraft and many T-26 and BT- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aragon
Aragon ( , ; Spanish and ; ) is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces of Spain, provinces (from north to south): Province of Huesca, Huesca, Province of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, and Province of Teruel, Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza. The current Statute of Autonomy declares Aragon a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, historic nationality'' of Spain. Covering an area of , the region's terrain ranges diversely from permanent glaciers to verdant valleys, rich pasture lands and orchards, through to the arid steppes of the central lowlands. Aragon is home to many rivers—most notably, the river Ebro, Spain's largest river in volume, which runs west–east across the entire region through the province of Zaragoza. It is also home to the Pyrenees#Highest summits, highest mountains of the Pyrenees. , the population of Arago ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José María Galán
José María Galán Rodríguez (1904–1978) was a Spanish military officer. He served in the Spanish Civil War. He was the brother of Fermín Galán, leader of the Jaca Uprising, and Francisco Galán. Before the war, he was a lieutenant of the '' Carabineros''.Thomas, Hugh. (2001). ''The Spanish Civil War.'' Penguin Books. London. p.307 Civil war José María Galán remained loyal to the Spanish government during the coup of July 1936 that triggered the Civil War. In July 1936, he led a militia column in the Somosierra front. In October 1936 he led the 3rd Mixed Brigade, one of the first such units to be established. Later he took part in the Second Battle of the Corunna Road. In June 1937 he led the 34th Division in the Segovia Offensive.Beevor, Antony. (2006).''The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939.'' Penguin Books. London. p.275 In 1938, he led the XXIII Army Corps in Andalusia. After the war, he fled to the USSR and later exiled himself to Cuba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
34th Division (Spain)
34th Division or 34th Infantry Division may refer to: Infantry divisions * 34th Division (German Empire) * 34th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) * 34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Landstorm Nederland * 34th Division (Imperial Japanese Army) * 34th Infantry Division (India), British Indian Army * 34th Infantry Division (Russian Empire) * 34th Rifle Division (Soviet Union) * 34th Guards Rifle Division, Soviet Union * 34th Motor Rifle Division * 34th Division (United Kingdom) * 34th Infantry Division (United States) Armoured divisions * 34th Tank Division (Soviet Union) * 34th Guards Artillery Division, Soviet Union and Russia Aviation divisions * 34th Transport Aviation Division (People's Liberation Army Air Force) * 34th Air Division The 34th Air Division (34th AD) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with Air Defense Command at Custer Air Force Station, Michigan. It was inactivated on 31 December 1969. History Assigned to Air Def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Segovia Offensive
The Segovia Offensive was a Republican diversionary offensive which took place between 31 May and 6 June 1937, during the Spanish Civil War. The main goal of the offensive was to occupy Segovia and divert Nationalist forces from their advance on Bilbao. After a brief initial advance the offensive failed due to Nationalist air superiority. Background In April 1937, the Nationalists started an offensive against the Republican held, Biscay Province, and, by the end of May, the Navarrese troops had reached the eastern side of Bilbao's defenses. The Republican government then decided to launch two diversionary offensives on the Aragon and Madrid fronts in order to divert Nationalist troops. Battle The Republican Army had three divisions in the '' Sierra de Guadarrama'': Galan's 34th, General Walther's 33rd and Duran's 69th divisions (according to Thomas, the commander of the 69th division was Luis Barceló), under the command of Colonel Domingo Moriones, supported by artillery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Communist Party
The German Communist Party (, ) is a communist party in Germany. The DKP supports far-left positions and was an observer member of the European Left before leaving in February 2016. History The DKP considered itself a reconstitution of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), which had been banned by the Federal Constitutional Court in 1956 for its aggressively militant opposition to the West German constitution. The new party was formed on 25 September 1968. The foundation was preceded by talks between former KPD functionaries and Gustav Heinemann, the West German minister of justice, who explained to them that while a refounding of a banned party was not legally possible, Communists were free to form an entirely new party. Even though the close links to the banned KPD made the new party vulnerable to be declared illegal, no such declaration was requested by the German government as West German authorities were liberalizing the attitude towards the communist bloc and East Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
