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35th Infantry Division (Poland)
35th Infantry Division (Polish: 35. Dywizja Piechoty) was a reserve unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic. It did not exist in peacetime organization of the army, and was formed between August 31 – September 4, 1939, during the Invasion of Poland. The division consisted mainly of units which until September 1 manned Fortified Area of Wilno (Obszar Warowny Wilno), and forces of the Border Protection Corps, which guarded northeastern corner of the country. After its formation, the division joined Operational Group Wyszków. On September 7, 1939, the division, commanded by Colonel Jarosław Szafran, was sent to the area south of Białystok, where it waited for train transports to move it westwards. On the next day however, Polish Commander in Chief Edward Śmigły-Rydz ordered the division to march to the rail junction at Czeremcha, where it boarded trains to Lwów, some 500 kilometers south (see also Battle of Lwów (1939)). By September 13, 35th Infantry Divi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the German Army (1935–1945), ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previously used term (''Reich Defence'') and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to German rearmament, rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted. After the Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Nazi rise to power in 1933, one of Adolf Hitler's most overt and bellicose moves was to establish the ''Wehrmacht'', a modern offensively-capable armed force, fulfilling the Nazi regime's long-term goals of regaining lost territory as well as gaining new territory and dominating its neighbours. This required the reinstatement of conscription and massive investment and Military budget, defence spending on the arms industry. The ''Wehrmacht'' formed the heart of Germany's politico-military po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Units And Formations Established In 1939
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a distinct military uniform. They may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other paramilitary forces such as armed police. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, crowd control, promotion of political agendas, emergency services and reconstruction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fall Weiss (1939)
Fall Weiss ("Case White", "Plan White"; German spelling ''Fall Weiß'') was the German strategic plan for the invasion of Poland. The German military High Command finalized its operational orders on 15 June 1939 and the invasion commenced on 1 September, precipitating World War II. Background The origins of the plan went back to 1928, when Werner von Fritsch started working on it. ''Fall Weiss'' was developed primarily by Günther Blumentritt and Erich von Manstein while the two were serving as staff officers under General Gerd von Rundstedt with Army Group South in Silesia. Details The plan called for a start of hostilities before the declaration of war. Wehrmacht units were to invade Poland from three directions: * A primary attack from the German mainland across the western border of Poland. * A secondary attack from the north, from the exclave of East Prussia. * A tertiary attack by German and allied Slovak units across the border of Slovakia. All three assaults were t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Army Order Of Battle In 1939
This article discusses the Polish order of battle during the invasion of Poland. In the late 1930s Polish headquarters prepared "Plan Zachód" (''Plan "West''), a plan of mobilization of Polish Army in case of war with Germany. Earlier, the Poles did not regard the Germans as their main threat, priority was given to threat from the Soviets (see: Plan East). The overall operational plan assumed the creation of thirty infantry divisions, nine reserve divisions, eleven cavalry brigades, two motorized brigades, three mountain brigades and a number of smaller units. Most Polish forces were grouped into six armies and a number of corps-sized "Operational Groups". Later in the course of the war other operational units were created. Armies Karpaty Army Created on July 11, 1939, under Major General Kazimierz Fabrycy. ''Armia Karpaty'' was created after Germany annexed Czechoslovakia and created a puppet state of Slovakia. The main aim of the army was to secure mountain passes in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operational Group
Operational Group (, GO) was the highest level type of tactical division of the Polish Army at various points in the 20th century, mainly during the Second World War. Polish-Bolshevik War (1919-1921) Operational groups first appeared in the Polish tactical scheme during the Polish-Bolshevik War, most probably under the influence of French Military Mission to Poland. After the war they were dissolved. Annexation of Trans-Olza (1938) In the autumn of 1938, the Independent Operational Group Silesia was created with the purpose of capturing Trans-Olza from Czechoslovakia. World War II (1939-1945) Prior to World War II, operational groups were recreated on a larger scale. Initially, in March 1939, Operational Groups consisted only of staffs formed around existing corps commands. Some groups were formed during the final mobilization of late August 1939, while others were formed during the war as strategic considerations necessitated. Most were attached to armies, several however we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucjan Janiszewski
Lucjan is a given name of Polish origin. Notable people with the name include: *Lucjan Brychczy (1934–2024), Polish football player *Lucjan Dobroszycki (1925–1995), Polish scientist and historian specializing in modern Polish and Polish-Jewish history *Lucjan Karasiewicz (born 1979), Polish politician *Lucjan Kudzia (born 1942), Polish luger who competed during the early 1960s *Lucjan Kulej (1896–1971), Polish jurist and ice hockey player *Lucjan Kydryński (1929–2006), Polish journalist and writer, radio and TV program host *Lucjan Malinowski (1839–1898), Polish linguist, traveller, professor of Jagiellonian University *Lucjan Rydel (1870–1918), Polish playwright and poet from the Young Poland movement *Lucjan Siemieński (1807–1877), Polish Romantic poet, prose writer, and literary critic *Lucjan Wolanowski (1920–2006), Polish journalist, writer and traveller *Lucjan Zarzecki (1873–1925), Polish pedagogue and mathematician *Lucjan Żeligowski Lucjan Żeligowsk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) secret police organization, and thus had a monopoly on intelligence and state security functions. The NKVD is known for carrying out political repression and the Great Purge under Joseph Stalin, as well as counterintelligence and other operations on the Eastern Front of World War II. The head of the NKVD was Genrikh Yagoda from 1934 to 1936, Nikolai Yezhov from 1936 to 1938, Lavrentiy Beria from 1938 to 1946, and Sergei Kruglov in 1946. First established in 1917 as the NKVD of the Russian SFSR, the ministry was tasked with regular police work and overseeing the country's prisons and labor camps. It was disbanded in 1930, and its functions dispersed among other agencies before being reinstated as a commissariat of the Soviet Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katyn Massacre
The Katyn massacre was a series of mass killings under Communist regimes, mass executions of nearly 22,000 Polish people, Polish military officer, military and police officers, border guards, and intelligentsia prisoners of war carried out by the Soviet Union, specifically the NKVD (the Soviet secret police), at Joseph Stalin's order in April and May 1940. Though the killings also occurred in the Tver#20th century, Kalinin and Kharkiv NKVD prisons and elsewhere, the massacre is named after the Katyn forest, where some of the mass graves were first discovered by Nazi German forces in 1943. The massacre is qualified as a Crimes against humanity, crime against humanity, Crime of aggression, crime against peace, war crime and (within the Polish Penal Code) a Communist crimes (Polish legal concept), Communist crime. According to a 2009 resolution of the Polish parliament's Sejm, it bears the hallmarks of a genocide. The order to execute captive members of the Polish officer corps wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zamarstyniv
Zamarstyniv (, ) is one of the boroughs of the city of Lviv in western Ukraine. It is notable as the main site of the infamous Lemberg Ghetto. The name of the modern borough comes from the original village that was founded there in 1423 on German law. The right to locate a village there was granted to certain Stechar and Johann Sommerstein. The latter gave his name to the settlement of Sommersteinshof. With time the name became polonized to Zamarstynów, a name which itself ultimately became ruthenized (ukrainianized) to the modern "Zamarstyniv". Until the 16th century the village belonged to the city of Lviv (then called Lwów) as one of its suburbs. It was not until 1615 that the city finally repaid its debts and Zamarstyniv once again became municipal property. Surrounded by rich turf deposits, Zamarstyniv also provided the nearby city with wood, fruits and vegetables. However, it was pawned to one of the burghers (Zebald Worcel), who in turn sold it in 1567 to Mikołaj Sieni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Władysław Langner
Władysław Aleksander Langner (18 June 1896 – 28 September 1972) was a Polish general, best known as commander of the Siege of Lwów in 1939. Early career Władysław Langner spent his childhood in the Polish town of Tarnów, where he became a member of a local Independent Youth Union, which he represented at a national congress in Kraków in 1913. In the same year he founded a paramilitary organization in Tarnów together with his brother, in which they regularly organized military exercises and training. Later this organization also engaged in recruiting to the Polish National Army. In the years 1914-1917, he served in the I Brigade of Piłsudski's Polish Legions and became commander of an infantry platoon. In the following years he was commanding officer of, among others, the 5th Infantry Regiment, the 40th Infantry Regiment stationed in Lwów, and the 12th Infantry Division based in Tarnopol. In 1928, Władysław Langner was called to Warsaw, where he worked as Head of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yavoriv
Yavoriv (, ; ; ; ; ) is a city in Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is situated about from the Poland, Polish border. It serves as the administrative centre of Yavoriv Raion and is situated approximately west of the oblast capital, Lviv. Yavoriv hosts the administration of Yavoriv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately Not far from it is the watering-place of Shklo with sulphur springs. History The town was first mentioned in written documents in 1436. It received Magdeburg rights in 1569, from Polish King Sigismund II Augustus. Jaworów was a royal city in Poland, royal town of Poland. It was a favorite residence of king John III Sobieski. In 1675 John III signed the Polish-French Treaty of Jaworów in the town, and there he also received the congratulations from the Pope on his Battle of Vienna, success against the Turks at Vienna (1683), and ratified the formation of the Holy League (1684), Holy League alliance in 1684. In 1711, Francis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
