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31st Rifle Division
The 31st Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the interwar period and World War II. Formed in 1925 near Stalingrad, the division was garrisoned in the city until 1940, when it was transferred to Yerevan to strengthen the Iranian and Turkish borders. The 31st remained there until October, when it was sent north to the Black Sea coast and fought in the Battle of Rostov. During Case Blue in mid-1942 the division retreated south into the Caucasus, then advanced north beginning at the end of the war when the German retreat from the region began. In the northern hemisphere spring of 1943 it was relocated north, fighting in the Battle of the Dnieper late that year. It fought in the Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive in the summer of 1944 and advanced into Romania before being transferred to Poland and fighting in the Vistula–Oder Offensive in early 1945. It fought in the Berlin Offensive and was disbanded postwar in western Ukraine in mid-1946. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army Flag
Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to Orange (colour), orange and opposite Violet (color), violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–750 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondary color (made from magenta and yellow) in the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan. Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged Scarlet (color), scarlet and Vermilion, vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy (color), burgundy. Red pigment made from ochre was one of the first colors used in prehistoric art. The Ancient Egyptians and Mayan civilization, Mayans colored their faces red in ceremonies; Roman Empire, Roman generals had their bodies colored red to celebrate victories. It was also an important color in China, where it was used to color early pottery and later the gates and walls of palaces. In the Renaissance, the brillian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalach-na-Donu
Kalach-na-Donu (), or Kalach-on-the-Don, is a town and the administrative center of Kalachyovsky District in Volgograd Oblast, Russia, located on the Don River, west of Volgograd, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: The town is unofficially divided into several parts: Starii Kalach (“Old Kalach”, located in the northwest, closest to the bridge); the main part of the city (has no name, and its areas correspond to the names of bus stops), Stroyrayon ("District of new houses", the newest part of the town) and the village of Cherkasovo. History It was founded in 1708 as a Cossack ''sloboda'' and was originally called Kalach ()."My Town" EncyclopediaEntry on Kalach-na-Donu In 1862, the Volga-Don Railway was built from Tsaritsyn to Kalach - the oldest operating railway in the territory of the modern Volgograd region. This railroad brought prosperity to the town in the early 20th century. During the Russian Civil War, Kalach was important in the defense of Ts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donbas
The Donbas (, ; ) or Donbass ( ) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine. The majority of the Donbas is occupied by Russia as a result of the Russo-Ukrainian War. The word ''Donbas'' is a portmanteau formed from "Donets Basin", an abbreviation of "Donets Coal Basin" (; ). The name of the coal basin is a reference to the Donets Ridge; the latter is associated with the Donets river. There are numerous definitions of the region's extent. The '' Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine'' defines the "small Donbas" as the northern part of Donetsk and the southern part of Luhansk regions of Ukraine, and the attached part of Rostov region of Russia. The historical coal mining region excluded parts of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, and included areas in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and Southern Russia. A Euroregion of the same name is composed of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts in Ukraine and Rostov Oblast in Russia. The Donbas formed the historical border betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Kiev (1941)
The First Battle of Kiev was the German name for the major battle that resulted in an encirclement of Red Army, Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II, the capital and most populous city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. This encirclement is the largest encirclement in the history of warfare by number of troops. The battle occurred from 7 July to 26 September 1941 as part of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis powers, Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. Despite being referred to as the "Battle of Kiev", the city of Kiev itself played a small and peripheral role in the overall battle. The battle took place over a large area in eastern Ukraine, with Kiev being the focal point of Soviet defenses and of the German encirclement. Much of the Southwestern Front (Soviet Union), Southwestern Front of the Red Army, commanded by Mikhail Kirponos, was encircled, but small groups of Red Army troops managed to escape the Pocket (military), pocket in the days after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
45th Army (Soviet Union)
The 45th Army was a field army of the Red Army in World War II. Formed in late July 1941, the army spent most of the war guarding the Turkish border and disbanded in fall 1945. History The 45th Army was formed in late July 1941 in the Transcaucasian Military District from the 23rd Rifle Corps. It included the 138th Mountain Rifle Division, 31st and 136th Rifle Divisions, 1st Mountain Cavalry Division, 55th Fortified Area and other units. The army's first commander was Konstantin Baranov. On 23 August, the army became part of the Transcaucasian Front. On 30 December 1941, it was subordinated to the Caucasian Front. The army guarded the Turkish border and covered Lend-Lease supply routes going through Iran. In October 1941 Andrei Alexandrovich Kharitonov became temporary commander of the army. Between December 1941 and April 1942 the army was led by Vasily Novikov. In April, Fyodor Remezov became the army's commander. He would command 45th Army for the rest of its existence. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
131st Separate Motor Rifle Brigade
The 131st Separate Motor Rifle Brigade () was a motorised infantry unit of the Soviet Army and of the Russian Ground Forces. The division traced its lineage back to the formation of the 1st Kursk Infantry Division in 1918 during the Russian Civil War. The division was redesignated as the 9th Rifle Division in October of that year, and fought as part of the Southern Front against the White Armed Forces of South Russia from late 1918 to early 1920. In late 1920 it fought in the Perekop–Chongar Operation, completing the defeat of the remaining White forces in Crimea, after which it participated in the Red Army invasion of Georgia in early 1921. The division was stationed in Georgia after the end of the campaign, guarding a sector of the Soviet border with Turkey. In late 1921 it was broken up into two separate rifle brigades, which were combined into the 1st Caucasian Rifle Division in 1922. The division was converted into a mountain unit in 1931, and was renumbered as the 9th Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
40th Rifle Corps
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. Evolution of the Hindu-Arabic digit Brahmic numerals represented 1, 2, and 3 with as many lines. 4 was simplified by joining its four lines into a cross that looks like the modern plus sign. The Shunga would add a horizontal line on top of the digit, and the Kshatrapa and Pallava evolved the digit to a point where the speed of writing was a secondary concern. The Arabs' 4 still had the early concept of the cross, but for the sake of efficiency, was made in one stroke by connecting the "western" end to the "northern" end; the "eastern" end was finished off with a curve. The Europeans dropped the finishing curve and gradually made the digit less cursive, ending up with a digit very close to the original Brahmin cross. While the shape of the character for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quba
Quba () is a city and the administrative centre of the Quba District (Azerbaijan), Quba District of Azerbaijan. The city lies on the north-eastern slopes of Mount Shahdagh, Shahdag mountain, at an altitude of 600 metres above sea level, on the right bank of the Kudyal river. It has a population of 47,200 (2023). History Quba was mentioned in works of various European geographers, in ancient Arabic and Albania (Caucasus), Albanian sources. The castle built by the ruler Anushiravan in the 11th century was called "Bade-Firuz Qubat", and in the Arabic sources of the 12th century Quba was mentioned as "Cuba". In the 13th century, in the Dictionary of Geographical names of Arabs, Arabian scientist Hamabi it was mentioned as Kubba, and in the sources of 16th century Quba was referred to as "Dome". Guba (Quba) city originated from the riverside village of Gudial. In the mid-18th century, after moving his residence from Khudat, Hussain Ali became Quba's Khan (title), Khan (tribal Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khachmaz (city)
Khachmaz (, ) is a town in the Khachmaz District of Azerbaijan. Climate Economy The economy of Khachmaz is partially agricultural, partially tourist-based, with some industries in operation. Tourism Khachmaz is considered a popular tourist destination, especially due to the Nabran municipality. The combination of a warm summer climate, woods along the seashore and clean golden beaches was exploited by the construction of large numbers of hotels and apartments in Khacmaz. International relations Twin towns — Sister cities Khacmaz is twinned with the following cities: * Yalta, Ukraine, (since 2009) * Derbent, Russia. * Gardabani, Georgia. * Iğdır, Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen .... Gallery File:02252xacmaz.jpg, Mirza Fatali Akhundov Library F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qusar (city)
Qusar (also Gusar; , ) is the capital of Qusar District, Azerbaijan. Qusar is located in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus, over the Qusarchay River, 35 kilometers southwest from Khudat railway station and about 180 km from Baku. Etymology According to the ''Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names'', the word literally means "man" and derives from Lezgian language, Lezgian ''kus''. History Caucasian War In 1837-1839, there were uprisings led by imam Muhammad Huluhvi luk and abrek Ali Hilivi in the territory of Kuba province and in the south of Dagestan. The main reason for the uprising was the intensive displacement of the Lezgin population from Quba, Guba, Gusar and Khudat. The selected lands were given to Russian settlers and under military garrisons. All Lezgin clans of the present-day Gusar district participated in the rebellion, with a total of about 12,000 rebels in the province, Lezgin clans from Southern Dagestan adjacent to the province also partici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transcaucasian Military District
The Transcaucasian Military District, a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces, traces its history to May 1921 and the incorporation of First Republic of Armenia, Armenia, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Azerbaijan, and Democratic Republic of Georgia, Georgia into the Soviet Union. It was disbanded by being redesignated as a Group of Forces in the early 1990s, after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Soviet Union collapsed. The military district formed as a basis of the modern day armed forces of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia (country), Georgia as well as unrecognized polities of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. History The Transcaucasian Military District was originally formed from the Red Army's Separate Caucasian Army, which became the Red Banner Caucasian Army in August 1923. On 17 May 1935, the Red Banner Caucasus Army was redesignated the Transcaucasian Military District. The Georgian, Armenian, and Azerbaijani national formations, plus units from the 11th Soviet Red ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volga Military District
The Volga Military District (PriVO) was a military district of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation that existed from 1918 to 1989 and 1992 to 2001. The district headquarters was located at Kazan, Saratov and Kuibyshev (Samara) at different points in time. History During the Russian Empire from 1864–1917 the Kazan Military District covered the Volga area. The Volga Military District was established on May 4, 1918 on the territory of the Kazan Military District, and included Astrakhan, Saratov, Samara, Simbirsk and Penza Governorates, and the Ural Oblast. Subsequently, the district boundaries were repeatedly changed.Soviet Military Encyclopedia 6 524–525 In 1941 the district included the Saratov, Kuibyshev, Penza, Tambov, Voronezh areas and the Orel Oblast, Kursk and Stalingrad regions of the RSFSR. The headquarters was located at Saratov. With the start of and during World War II five armies, 132 divisions, 65 separate regiments, and 253 separate battalions w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
