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3-Methylcatechol
3-Methylcatechol is an organic compound with the formula A white solid, it is one of the isomers of methylbenzenediol. Being structurally related to lignans, it contributes to the aerosols generated by combustion of wood. Metabolism The enzyme 1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate dehydrogenase uses 1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate and NAD+ to produce 3-methylcatechol, NADH and CO2. The isofunctional enzymes of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from species of ''Acinetobacter'', ''Pseudomonas'', ''Nocardia'', ''Alcaligenes'' and ''Corynebacterium'' oxidize 3-methylcatechol according to both the intradiol and extradiol cleavage patterns. However, the enzyme preparations from '' Brevibacterium'' and ''Arthrobacter'' have only the intradiol cleavage activity.Extradiol Cleavage of 3-Methylcatechol by Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase from Various Microorganisms. C. T. Hou, R. Patel and M. O. Lillard, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., March 1977, volume 33, issue 3, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylbenzenediol
Methylbenzenediol, also known as dihydroxytoluene, may refer to: * 3-Methylcatechol (3-methylbenzene-1,2-diol or 2,3-dihydroxytoluene) * 4-Methylcatechol (4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol or 3,4-dihydroxytoluene) * 2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol * 4-methylbenzene-1,3-diol * Orcinol (5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol or 3,5-dihydroxytoluene) * 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol See also * Cresol (methylphenol, hydroxytoluene) * Trihydroxytoluene Dihydroxytoluene may refer to: * 2,3,4-trihydroxytoluene (caricaphenyl triol) of the papaya plant * 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene, a product of orcinol catalysis See also * Hydroxytoluene * Dihydroxytoluene * Trinitrotoluene {{Chemistry index ... {{chemistry index Toluenes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caloboletus Calopus
''Caloboletus calopus'', commonly known as the bitter bolete, bitter beech bolete or scarlet-stemmed bolete, is a species of fungus in the bolete family. Christiaan Persoon first described ''Boletus calopus'' in 1801. Modern molecular phylogenetics showed that it was only distantly related to the type species of ''Boletus'' and required placement in a new genus; '' Caloboletus'' was erected in 2014, with ''C. calopus'' designated as the type species. The stout fruit bodies are attractively coloured, with a beige to olive cap up to 15 cm (6 in) across, yellow pores, and a reddish stipe up to long and wide. The pale yellow flesh stains blue when broken or bruised. Its red stipe distinguishes it from ''Boletus edulis''. Appearing in coniferous and deciduous woodland in summer and autumn, the species is found in Eurasia and North America. Although not typically considered edible due to an intensely bitter taste that does not disappear with cooking, there are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane ) and its derivatives are universally considered organic, but many others are sometimes considered inorganic, such as certain compounds of carbon with nitrogen and oxygen (e.g. cyanide ion , hydrogen cyanide , chloroformic acid , carbon dioxide , and carbonate ion ). Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, and even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactone
Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. They are derived from the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids by esterification. They can be saturated or unsaturated. Lactones are formed by lactonization, the intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids. Nomenclature Greek alphabet#Letters, Greek prefixes in alphabetical order indicate ring size. Lactones are usually named according to the precursor acid molecule (''aceto'' = 2 carbon atoms, ''propio'' = 3, ''butyro'' = 4, ''valero'' = 5, ''capro'' = 6, etc.), with a ''-lactone'' suffix and a Greek letter prefix that specifies the number of carbon atoms in the heterocycle — that is, the distance between the relevant -OH and the -COOH groups along said backbone. The first carbon atom after the carbon in the -COOH group on the parent compound is labelled α, the second will be labeled β, and so forth. Therefore, the prefixes also indicate the size of the lactone ring: α-lactone = 3-membered ring, β-lac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Product
A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature. In the broadest sense, natural products include any substance produced by life. Natural products can also be prepared by chemical synthesis (both semisynthesis and total synthesis and have played a central role in the development of the field of organic chemistry by providing challenging synthetic targets). The term ''natural product'' has also been extended for commercial purposes to refer to cosmetics, dietary supplements, and foods produced from natural sources without added artificial ingredients. Within the field of organic chemistry, the definition of natural products is usually restricted to organic compounds isolated from natural sources that are produced by the pathways of primary or secondary metabolism. Within the field of medicinal chemistry, the definition is often further restricted to secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites (or specialized meta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Motif
In a chain-like biological molecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, a structural motif is a common three-dimensional structure that appears in a variety of different, evolutionarily unrelated molecules. A structural motif does not have to be associated with a sequence motif; it can be represented by different and completely unrelated sequences in different proteins or RNA. In nucleic acids Depending upon the sequence and other conditions, nucleic acids can form a variety of structural motifs which is thought to have biological significance. ;Stem-loop: Stem-loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that can occur in single-stranded DNA or, more commonly, in RNA. The structure is also known as a hairpin or hairpin loop. It occurs when two regions of the same strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence when read in opposite directions, base-pair to form a double helix that ends in an unpaired loop. The resulting structure is a key building block of many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthrobacter
''Arthrobacter'' (from the Greek, "jointed small stick”) is a genus of bacterium, bacteria that is commonly found in soil. All species in this genus are Gram-positive obligate aerobes that are bacterial shape, rods during exponential growth and bacterial shape, cocci in their Stationary phase (biology), stationary phase. ''Arthrobacter'' have a distinctive method of cell division called "snapping division" or reversion (microbiology), reversion in which the outer bacterial cell wall ruptures at a joint. Description ''Arthrobacter'' can be grown on mineral salts pyridone broth, where colonies have a greenish metallic center on incubated at . Under the microscope, ''Arthrobacter'' appear as rods when rapidly dividing, and cocci when in stationary phase. Dividing cells may also appear as chevrons ("V" shapes). Other notable characteristics are that it can use pyridone as its sole carbon source, and that its cocci are resistant to desiccation and starvation. Use in industry ''Arth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brevibacterium
''Brevibacterium'' is a genus of bacteria of the order Micrococcales. They are Gram-positive soil Soil, also commonly referred to as earth, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, water, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from ''soil'' by re ... organisms. Species ''Brevibacterium'' comprises the following species: * '' B. album'' Tang et al. 2008 * '' B. ammoniilyticum'' Kim et al. 2013 * '' B. anseongense'' Jung et al. 2019 * '' B. antiquum'' Gavrish et al. 2005 * '' B. atlanticum'' Pei et al. 2022 * '' B. aurantiacum'' Gavrish et al. 2005 * "'' B. aureum''" Seghal Kiran et al. 2010 * '' B. avium'' Pascual and Collins 1999 * '' B. casei'' Collins et al. 1983 * '' B. celere'' Ivanova et al. 2004 * '' B. daeguense'' Cui et al. 2013 * '' B. epidermidis'' Collins et al. 1983 * '' B. hankyongi'' Choi et al. 2018 * "'' B. ihuae''" Valles et al. 2018 * '' B. iodinu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcaligenes
''Alcaligenes'' is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria in the order of Burkholderiales, family Alcaligenaceae. History The type species, ''A. faecalis'', was first isolated from stale beer by Johannes Petruschky in 1896. However, formal description was only finished in 1919 by Castellani and Chalmers. The name ''Alcaligenes'' has its origin in Arabic and Greek and means "alkali-producing". Several species were previously placed in ''Alcaligenes'', but have since been moved to more appropriate genera. '' A. aestus'', ''A. aquamarinus'', '' A. cupidus'', '' A. pacificus'' and '' A. venustus'' were first reclassified to the genus '' Deleya'' and later merged into ''Halomonas'' in the class of Gammaproteobacteria. Other species were reassigned within the order of Burkholderiales. '' A. denitrificans'', '' A. piechaudii'', '' A. ruhlandii'' and '' A. xylosoxidans'' are currently placed in '' Achromobacter'', '' A. latus'' in '' Azohydromonas'', '' A. eutrophus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corynebacterium
''Corynebacterium'' () is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria and most are aerobic. They are bacilli (rod-shaped), and in some phases of life they are, more specifically, club-shaped, which inspired the genus name ('' coryneform'' means "club-shaped"). They are widely distributed in nature in the microbiota of animals (including the human microbiota) and are mostly innocuous, most commonly existing in commensal relationships with their hosts. Some, such as '' C. glutamicum'', are commercially and industrially useful. Others can cause human disease, including, most notably, diphtheria, which is caused by '' C. diphtheriae''. Like various species of microbiota (including their relatives in the genera '' Arcanobacterium'' and '' Trueperella''), they are usually not pathogenic, but can occasionally capitalize opportunistically on atypical access to tissues (via wounds) or weakened host defenses. Taxonomy The genus ''Corynebacterium'' was created by Lehmann and Neumann in 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nocardia
''Nocardia'' is a genus of weakly staining Gram-positive, catalase, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It forms partially acid-fast beaded branching filaments (appearing similar to fungi, but being truly bacteria). It contains a total of 85 species. Some species are nonpathogenic, while others are responsible for nocardiosis. ''Nocardia'' species are found worldwide in soil rich in organic matter. In addition, they are oral microflora found in healthy human Gums, gingiva, as well as periodontal pockets. Most ''Nocardia'' infections are acquired by inhalation of the bacteria or through traumatic introduction through openings in Epithelium, epithelial barriers. Culture and staining ''Nocardia'' colonies have a variable appearance, but most species appear to have aerial hyphae when viewed with a dissecting microscope, particularly when they have been grown on nutritionally limiting media. ''Nocardia'' grow slowly on nonselective culture media, and are strict Aerobic metaboli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonas
''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 348 members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a wide range of niches and hosts. Their ease of culture ''in vitro'' and availability of an increasing number of ''Pseudomonas'' strain genome sequences has made the genus an excellent focus for scientific research; the best studied species include '' P. aeruginosa'' in its role as an opportunistic human pathogen, the plant pathogen '' P. syringae'', the soil bacterium '' P. putida'', and the plant growth-promoting '' P. fluorescens, P. lini, P. migulae'', and '' P. graminis''. Because of their widespread occurrence in water and plant seeds such as dicots, the pseudomonads were observed early in the history of microbiology. The generic name ''Pseudomonas'' created for these organisms was defined in rather vague terms by Walter Migula i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
