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3-Fluoroamphetamine
3-Fluoroamphetamine (3-FA; PAL-353) is a stimulant drug from the amphetamine family which acts as a monoamine releaser with similar potency to methamphetamine but more selectivity for dopamine and norepinephrine release over serotonin. It is self-administered by mice to a similar extent to related drugs such as 4-fluoroamphetamine and 3-methylamphetamine. Legal status China As of October 2015 3-FA is a controlled substance in China. See also * 2-Fluoroamphetamine (2-FA) * 3-Fluoroethamphetamine 3-Fluoroethamphetamine (3-FEA) is a stimulant drug of the amphetamine class which acts as a releasing agent of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. Compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroetha ... (3-FEA) * 3-Fluoromethamphetamine (3-FMA) * 3-Hydroxyamphetamine (Gepefrine) * 3-Methylamphetamine (3-MA) * 3-Methoxyamphetamine (3-MeOA) * 3-Trifluoromethylamphetamine (Norfenfluramine) * 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Fluoromethamphetamine
3-Fluoromethamphetamine (3-FMA) is a stimulant drug related to methamphetamine and 3-fluoroamphetamine. It has been sold online as a designer drug. Legal Status Canada As of 1996, 3-FMA is a controlled substance in Canada, due to being an analog of methamphetamine. China As of October 2015, 3-FMA is a controlled substance in China. United States As a close analog of scheduled controlled substance, sale or possession of 3-FMA could be potentially be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act. See also * 2-Fluoroamphetamine * 2-Fluoromethamphetamine * 3-Fluoroamphetamine * 3-Fluoroethamphetamine 3-Fluoroethamphetamine (3-FEA) is a stimulant drug of the amphetamine class which acts as a releasing agent of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. Compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroetha ... * 3-Fluoromethcathinone * 4-Fluoroamphetamine * 4-Fluoromethamphetamine * 3-Chloromethamphetamine References Des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or illicitly) as performance-enhancing or recreational drugs. Among narcotics, stimulants produce a noticeable crash or '' comedown'' at the end of their effects. The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamine (Adderall). It was estimated in 2015 that the percentage of the world population that had used cocaine during a year was 0.4%. For the category "amphetamines and prescription stimulants" (with "amphetamines" including amphetamine and methamphetamine) the value was 0.7% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Amphetamines
Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents. The compounds in this class span a variety of pharmacological subclasses, including stimulants, empathogens, and hallucinogens, among others. Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, mephentermine, bupropion, methoxyphenamine, selegiline, amfepramone (diethylpropion), pyrovalerone, MDMA (ecstasy), and DOM (STP). Some of amphetamine's substituted derivatives occur in nature, for example in the leaves of '' Ephedra'' and khat plants. Amphetamine was first produced at the end of the 19th century. By the 1930s, amphetamine and some of its derivative compounds found use as decongestants in the symptomatic treatment of colds and also occasionally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-Fluoroamphetamine
4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA; 4-FMP; PAL-303; "Flux"), also known as ''para''-fluoroamphetamine (PFA) is a psychoactive research chemical of the phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes. It produces stimulant and entactogenic effects. As a recreational drug, 4-FA is sometimes sold along with related compounds such as 2-fluoroamphetamine and 4-fluoromethamphetamine. Usage 4-FA is popular in the Netherlands where it is predominantly used for its specific effects (77% of users) rather than its legal status (18%). 4-FA has become illegal since May 2017. Effects The subjective effects of 4-fluoroamphetamine include euphoria which some find similar to the effects of MDMA and amphetamine, increased energy (stimulation), mood elevation, feelings of warmth and empathy, excessive talking, bruxism, and suppressed appetite (anorexic). The general course of effects involves primarily empathogenic effects for the first few hours, which fades out as increased stimulation de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norfenfluramine
Norfenfluramine, or 3-trifluoromethylamphetamine, is a never-marketed drug of the amphetamine family that behaves as a serotonin and norepinephrine releasing agent and potent 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C agonist. The action of norfenfluramine on 5-HT2B receptors on heart valves leads to a characteristic pattern of heart failure following proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts on the tricuspid valve, known as cardiac fibrosis. This side effect led to the withdrawal of fenfluramine as an anorectic agent worldwide, and to the withdrawal of benfluorex in Europe, as both fenfluramine and benfluorex form norfenfluramine as an active metabolite. It is a human TAAR1 agonist. See also * Fenfluramine * Benfluorex Benfluorex, sold under the brand name Mediator, is an anorectic and hypolipidemic agent that is structurally related to fenfluramine (a substituted amphetamine). It may improve glycemic control and decrease insulin resistance in people with poorl ... * Norfenfluramine is the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Methoxyamphetamine
''meta''-Methoxyamphetamine (MMA), also known as 3-methoxyamphetamine (3-MA), is a stimulant drug from the amphetamine family. It has similar effects in animal drug discrimination tests to the more widely known derivative 4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), although with a slightly different ratio of monoamine release, being a combined serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine releasing agent rather than a fairly selective serotonin releaser like PMA. 3-Methoxyamphetamine has similarly appeared on the illicit market as a designer drug alternative to MDMA, although far more rarely than its infamous positional isomer. It produces gepefrine, a cardiac stimulant, as one of its major metabolites. See also * 2-Methoxyamphetamine (OMA) * 3-Methylamphetamine (3-MA) * 3-Fluoroamphetamine (3-FA) * 3-Trifluoromethylamphetamine (Norfenfluramine) * 3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine 3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine (MMA) is an entactogen and psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Methylamphetamine
3-Methylamphetamine (3-MeA; PAL-314) is a stimulant drug from the amphetamine family. It is self-administered by mice to a similar extent to 4-fluoroamphetamine and has comparable properties as a monoamine releaser, although with a more balanced release of all three monoamines, as opposed to the more dopamine/noradrenaline selective fluoro analogues. See also * 2-Methylamphetamine * 3-Methylmethamphetamine * 4-Methylamphetamine * 3,4-Dimethylamphetamine Xylopropamine (Perhedrin, Esanin), also known as 3,4-dimethylamphetamine, is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes which was developed and marketed as an appetite suppressant in the 1950s. Xylopropamine was briefly sold ... * 3-Trifluoromethylamphetamine References Substituted amphetamines Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Hydroxyamphetamine
3-Hydroxyamphetamine (INN; trade names Pressionorm, Gepefrine, and Wintonin), also known as meta-hydroxyamphetamine, and α-methyl-''meta''-tyramine, is an antihypotensive or sympathomimetic agent of the amphetamine family that is marketed in certain European countries. It is a known metabolite of amphetamine in rats. See also * 3,4-Dihydroxyamphetamine * Norfenfluramine * 4-Hydroxyamphetamine * Metaraminol Metaraminol, previously sold under the brand name Aramine among others and also known as metaradrine, is a stereoisomer of ''meta''-hydroxynorephedrine (3,β-dihydroxyamphetamine), is a potent sympathomimetic amine used in the prevention and t ... * ''meta''-Tyramine References {{Phenethylamines Substituted amphetamines Phenols Sympathomimetics Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Fluoroethamphetamine
3-Fluoroethamphetamine (3-FEA) is a stimulant drug of the amphetamine class which acts as a releasing agent of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. Compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of noradrenaline, but a stronger releaser of both dopamine and serotonin, and produced the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted ethamphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser. See also * 2-Fluoroamphetamine * 2-Fluoromethamphetamine * 3-Fluoroamphetamine * 3-Fluoromethamphetamine * 4-Fluoroamphetamine * 4-Fluoromethamphetamine * Fenfluramine Fenfluramine, sold under the brand name Fintepla, is a serotonergic medication used for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome.https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/212102s003 ... References {{DEFAUL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from alpha- methylphenethylamine) is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. It is also commonly used as a recreational drug. Amphetamine was discovered in 1887 and exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. ''Amphetamine'' properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine are often tightly controlled due ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-Fluoroamphetamine
2-Fluoroamphetamine (2-FA) is a stimulant drug from the amphetamine family which has been sold as a designer drug. 2-Fluoroamphetamine differs from 3- and 4-fluoroamphetamine in the position of the fluorine atom on the aromatic ring, making them positional isomers of one another. The replacement of a hydrogen atom with a fluorine atom in certain compounds to facilitate passage through the blood–brain barrier, as is desirable in central nervous system pharmaceutical agents, is a common practice due to the corresponding increase in lipophilicity granted by this substitution. Pharmacology Anorexiant dose (amount inhibiting food intake by 50% for 2 hours, given 1 hour earlier) = 15 mg/kg (rat; p.o.). Analgesic dose (50% inhibition of response to tail-clamp) = 20 mg/kg (mouse; i.p.). Effect on blood pressure: 0.5 mg/kg (rat; i.v.) produces an increase in BP of 29 mm. Toxicology LD50 (mouse; i.p.) = 100 mg/kg. Legal Status United States The Federal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
