|
2nd Chemical Battalion (United States)
The 2nd Chemical Battalion is a United States Army chemical unit stationed at Fort Hood, Texas, United States, and is part of the 48th Chemical Brigade. The battalion can trace its lineage from the 30th Engineer Regiment (Gas and Flame) and has served in World War I, World War II, Korean War, Operation Desert Storm, and Operation Iraqi Freedom.U.S. Army Center of Military HistorUpdated June 19, 2008 Accessed June 15, 2019 The 2nd Chemical Battalion currently (June 2019) consists of the Headquarters and Headquarters Company (Hellfire) and 181st Chemical Company (Double Dragons) at Fort Hood (then known as Fort Cavazos), Texas, the 172nd Chemical Company (Gladiators) at Fort Riley, Kansas and the 63rd Chemical Company (Dragon Masters) at Fort Campbell, Kentucky/Tennessee. The 68th Chemical Company (Responders) was formerly part of the battalion but was deactivated on September 27, 2024 at Fort Cavazos. The unit is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "2D CBRN Battalion" where CBR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Army Chemical Corps
The Chemical Corps is the branch of the United States Army tasked with defending against and using chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. The Chemical Warfare Service was established on 28 June 1918, combining activities that until then had been dispersed among five separate agencies of the United States federal government. It was made a permanent branch of the Regular Army by the National Defense Act of 1920. In 1945, it was redesignated the Chemical Corps. History Origins Discussion of the topic dates back to the American Civil War. A letter to the War Department dated 5 April 1862 from New York City resident John Doughty proposed the use of chlorine shells to drive the Confederate Army from its positions. Doughty included a detailed drawing of the shell with his letter. It is unknown how the military reacted to Doughty's proposal but the letter was unnoticed in a pile of old official documents until modern times. Another American, Forrest Shepher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort Campbell
Fort Campbell is a United States Army installation located astride the Kentucky–Tennessee border between Hopkinsville, Kentucky and Clarksville, Tennessee (post address is located in Kentucky). Fort Campbell is home to the 101st Airborne Division and the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. The fort is named in honor of Union Army Brigadier General William Bowen Campbell, the last Whig Governor of Tennessee. History The site for Fort Campbell was selected on September 9, 1941, and the Title I Survey was completed November 15, 1941, coincidentally the same time the Japanese Imperial Fleet was leaving Japanese home waters for the attack on Pearl Harbor. Construction of Camp Campbell began on January 12, 1942. Within a year, the reservation designated as Camp Campbell was developed to accommodate one armored division and various support troops, with a total size of , and billets for 2,422 officers and 45,198 enlisted personnel. Due to its close proximity to Nashvil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort Bragg
Fort Bragg (formerly Fort Liberty from 2023–2025) is a United States Army, U.S. Army Military base, military installation located in North Carolina. It ranks among the largest military bases in the world by population, with more than 52,000 military personnel. Covering more than , Fort Bragg is home to the Army's XVIII Airborne Corps and serves as the headquarters of the United States Army Special Operations Command, U.S. Army Special Operations Command, which oversees the 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) and the 75th Ranger Regiment (United States), 75th Ranger Regiment. Additionally, it hosts the 82nd Airborne Division, U.S. Army Forces Command, U.S. Army Reserve Command, and Womack Army Medical Center. Fort Bragg also operates two airfields: Pope Field, where the United States Air Force, U.S. Air Force stations global airlift and special operations units, as well as the United States Air Force Combat Control Team, Air Force Combat Control School, and Simmons Army Airf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attack On Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl HarborAlso known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Empire of Japan on the United States Pacific Fleet at Naval Station Pearl Harbor, its naval base at Pearl Harbor on Oahu, Territory of Hawaii, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. At the time, the U.S. was a Neutral powers during World War II, neutral country in World War II. The air raid on Pearl Harbor, which was launched from Aircraft carrier, aircraft carriers, resulted in the U.S. entering the war on the side of the Allies of World War II, Allies on the day following the attack. The Imperial General Headquarters, Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning. The attack on Pearl Harbor was preceded by months of negotiations between the U.S. and Japan over the future of the Pacific Ocean, Pacific. Japanese demands included that the U.S. ABCD line, end its sanctions against Japan, cease aidi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tear Gas
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the Mace (spray), early commercial self-defense spray, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In addition, it can cause severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and blindness. Common lachrymators both currently and formerly used as tear gas include pepper spray (OC gas), PAVA spray (nonivamide), CS gas, CR gas, CN gas (phenacyl chloride), bromoacetone, xylyl bromide, chloropicrin (PS gas) and Mace (spray), Mace (a branded mixture). While lachrymatory agents are commonly deployed for riot control by law enforcement and military personnel, its use in warfare is prohibited by various international treaties.E.g. the Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibited the use of "asphyxiating gas, or any other kind of gas, liquids, substances or similar materials". During World War I, increasingly toxic and deadly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgewood Arsenal
Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) is a U.S. Army facility located adjacent to Aberdeen, Harford County, Maryland, United States. More than 7,500 civilians and 5,000 military personnel work at APG. There are 11 major commands among the tenant units, including: * United States Army Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM) * United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) * United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) * Edgewood Arsenal * Adelphi Laboratory Center ** The Army Reserve Information Operations Command ** Unified Cross Domain Services Management Office ** HQ, U.S. Army Contracting Command (Army Contracting Command –APG, Adelphi Contracting Division) ** U.S. Army 93rd Signal Network - Network Enterprise Center ** Logistics Readiness Center ** U.S. Army Cyber Operation Group – 335th Signal Command ** Blossom Point Research Facility History APG is the U.S. Army's oldest active proving ground, established on October 20, 1917, six months aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stokes Mortar
The Stokes mortar was a British trench mortar designed by Sir Wilfred Stokes KBE that was issued to the British and U.S. armies, as well as the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps, during the latter half of the First World War. The 3-inch trench mortar is a smooth-bore, muzzle-loading weapon for high angles of fire. Although it is called a 3-inch mortar, its bore is actually 3.2 inches or 81 mm. Design The Stokes mortar was a simple weapon, consisting of a smoothbore metal tube fixed to a base plate (to absorb recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount. When a mortar bomb was dropped into the tube, an impact sensitive primer in the base of the bomb would make contact with a firing pin at the base of the tube, and ignite the propellant charge in the base, launching the bomb towards the target. The warhead itself was detonated by an impact fuse on reaching the target. The barrel is a seamless drawn-steel tube necked down at the breech or base end. To the breech end is fitted a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livens Projector
The Livens Projector was a simple mortar-like weapon that could throw large drums filled with flame warfare, flammable or Chemical warfare, toxic chemicals. In the First World War, the Livens Projector became the standard means of delivering gas attacks by the British Army and it remained in its arsenal until the early years of the Second World War.''The Use of Gas in the Field'', 1940 History The Livens Projector was created by Captain William Howard Livens, William Livens of the Royal Engineers. Livens designed a number of novel weapons, including a large-calibre flame thrower, to engulf German trenches in burning oil, that was deployed at the Somme in 1916. (One of these weapons was partially excavated in 2010 for an episode of archaeological television programme ''Time Team'', having been buried when the tunnel in which it was being built was hit by a German shell.) In the Second World War, he worked on petroleum warfare weapons such as the flame fougasse and various oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camp American University
The Navy Bomb Disposal School, was a World War II era U.S. naval training installation built on American University property in Washington, D.C. Environmental impact During World War II, American University allowed the U.S. Navy to use part of its campus for bomb disposal Bomb disposal is an explosives engineering profession using the process by which hazardous explosive devices are disabled or otherwise rendered safe. ''Bomb disposal'' is an all-encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated fun ... training. In 1993, a construction worker stumbled upon some of the buried munitions. This led to major cleanup efforts in the 1990s and 2000s (decade) on the site, which included a corner of the university and several neighboring residences. References 1942 establishments in Washington, D.C. 1945 disestablishments in Washington, D.C. Closed installations of the United States Navy Explosive ordnance disposal units and formations History of American Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earl J
Earl () is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of ''earl'' never developed; instead, ''countess'' is used. The title originates in the Old English word , meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form ''jarl''. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963. Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the ''hakushaku'' (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era. Etymology In the 7th century, the common Old English terms for no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amos Fries
Amos Alfred Fries (March 17, 1873 – December 30, 1963) was a general in the United States Army and 1898 graduate of the United States Military Academy. Fries was the second chief of the army's Chemical Warfare Service, established during World War I. Fries served under John J. Pershing in the Philippines and oversaw the construction of the roads and bridges in Yellowstone National Park. He eventually became an important commander in World War I. After he retired from the Army in 1929, Fries wrote two anti-communist books. He died in 1963 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Early life Amos Alfred Fries was born March 17, 1873, in Viroqua, Wisconsin. His family moved to Missouri after he was born and then moved to Oregon. Fries earned an appointment to the United States Military Academy and graduated there in 1898.Russell, Edward. ''War and Nature'',Google Books, Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 38, (), accessed October 21, 2008. Military career After gradu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
