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205th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 205th Infantry Division () was a Nazi Germany, German Infantry Division, infantry division of the ''German Army (1935–1945), Heer'' during the World War II, Second World War. It was initially known as the 14th Landwehr Division (). Operational history 14th Landwehr Division The 14th Landwehr Division was formed on 26 August 1939, the day of Germany's general mobilization, as the sole division of the ''Landwehr'' national militia service that had not yet been converted into an infantry division of ''3rd Aufstellungswelle'' type. The ''Landwehr'' divisions had initially been planned in 1936 to assemble the older cadres (mostly of the age to have served in World War I) into 21 divisions, with various ''army service stations'' readied for this task. Assembled in Wehrkreis V by Army Service Station 7 (in Freiburg im Breisgau, Freiburg/Breisgau), the 14th Landwehr Division initially consisted of the Landwehr Infantry Regiments 40, 59, and 182, each with three battalions, from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalitarianism, totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party began to eliminate political opposition and consolidate power. A 1934 German referendum confirmed Hitler as sole ''Führer'' (leader). Power was centralised in Hitler's person, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landwehr
''Landwehr'' (), or ''Landeswehr'', is a German language term used in referring to certain national army, armies, or militias found in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. In different context it refers to large-scale, low-strength fortifications. In German, the word means "defence of the country"; but the term as applied to an insurrectional militia is very ancient, and ''lantveri'' are mentioned in ''Baluzii Capitularia'', as quoted in Henry Hallam's ''Middle Ages'', i. 262, 10th edition. Austria-Hungary Austrian ''Landwehr'' The Imperial-Royal Landwehr, Austrian ''Landwehr'' was one of three components that made up the Austro-Hungarian Army, ground forces of the Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire between 1868 and 1918, and it was composed of recruits from the Cisleithanian parts of the empire. Intended as a national defence force alongside the Royal Hungarian Honvéd, Royal Hungarian ''Landwehr'' (or ''Honvéd''), the ''Landwehr'' was officially established b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
557th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 557th Infantry Division () was an infantry division of the '' Heer'', the ground forces of Nazi Germany's ''Wehrmacht''. It was active for several months in the year 1940. History The 557th Infantry Division was formed on 15 February 1940 as a positional division for defensive duties in the Upper Rhine sector, during the standoff along the Franco-German border, the Phoney War. Its assembly was implemented by Wehrkreis IV, and its staff was initially formed using personnel from Division Command z.b.V. 427. The sole commander of 557th Infantry Division throughout its history was Hermann Kuprion. The division initially consisted of three regiments: Infantry Regiment 632 was formed using personnel of the II./425 battalion of 223rd Infantry Division as well as half of II./412 of 227th Infantry Division; Infantry Regiment 633 was formed using personnel of the II./306 battalion of 211th Infantry Division and the other half of II./412 battalion of 227th Division; Infantry Reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
198th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 198th Infantry Division () was an infantry division of the German Heer during World War II. Initially assembled in December 1939, the 198th Infantry Division participated in the German invasion of Denmark as well as the occupation of Copenhagen on 9 April 1940. The division was subsequently transferred in July 1940 to serve occupation duty in German-occupied France between July 1940 and March 1941. It was then sent to the German-aligned Kingdom of Romania and transferred through the German-friendly Kingdom of Bulgaria to participate in the German invasion of Greece in early April 1941. After the German victory in Greece, it was redeployed to Romania, from where it participated in the German invasion of the Soviet Union ("Operation Barbarossa") on 22 June 1941. The 198th Infantry Division remained in combat on the Eastern Front against the forces of Soviet Union until early 1944. It participated in the First Battle of Rostov, Winter campaign of 1941/42, the German summe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Group C
Army Group C () was an army group of the German Wehrmacht during World War II. In its first deployment between 1939 and 1941, its main assignment was the defense of the Franco-German border during the Phony War and the Western Campaign, after which it was moved to East Prussia to become Army Group North. When Army Group C was recreated from 1943 to 1945, it was used to coordinate German forces on the Italian front. History 1939–1941 Army Group C was first formed in Frankfurt on 26 August 1939, from Army Group Command 2 (itself formed on 1 October 1919 as ''Reichswehrgruppenkommando'') in Frankfurt/Main. The only commander of the army group throughout its first tenure of service was Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, who had been reactivated from retirement upon the outbreak of the war.Meyer, Georg (1985). Leeb, Wilhelm Ritter von'' In: ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'' (in German). Vol. 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, ISBN 3428001958, pp. 51–53.Between September 1939 and June 1940, Army ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 7th Army () was a World War II field army of the German land forces. History Origins The 7th Army was activated in Stuttgart on August 25, 1939 with General Friedrich Dollmann in command. At the outbreak of the war, the 7th Army defended the French border and manned the Westwall in the Upper Rhine region. At the start of the Campaign in the West in 1940, the 7th Army was part of General Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb's Army Group C. On 14 June 1940, Army Group C attacked the Maginot Line after it had been cut off by armored units of the XXXXI Panzer Corps. Lead elements of the 7th Army reached the area in front of Colmar and later pursued parts of the French 2nd Army Group into Lorraine. At the conclusion of the campaign, the 7th Army was in eastern France. From July 1940 until April 1941, the 7th Army guarded a region of the coast in southwestern France. From 18 April 1941, the 7th Army was responsible for coastal defense in Brittany and Normandy. By mid-1944, the 7th Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Rhine
Upper Rhine ( ; ; kilometres 167 to 529 of the Rhine) is the section of the Rhine between the Middle Bridge, Basel, Middle Bridge in Basel, Switzerland, and the Rhine knee in Bingen am Rhein, Bingen, Germany. It is surrounded by the Upper Rhine Plain (). Most of its upper section marks the France–Germany border. The Upper Rhine is one of four sections of the river (the others being the High Rhine, Middle Rhine and Lower Rhine) between Lake Constance and the North Sea. The countries and states along the Upper Rhine are Switzerland, France (Alsace) and the German states of Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse. The largest cities along the river are Basel, Mulhouse, Strasbourg, Karlsruhe, Mannheim, Ludwigshafen and Mainz. The Upper Rhine was River engineering, straightened between 1817 and 1876 by Johann Gottfried Tulla and made Navigability, navigable between 1928 and 1977. The Treaty of Versailles allows France to use the Upper Rhine for hydroelectricity in the Gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Richter (general)
Ernst Friedrich Eduard Richter (24 October 18089 April 1879), was a German musical theorist and composer, born at Großschönau, Saxony. He first studied music at Zittau, and afterwards at Leipzig, where he attained so high a reputation that in 1843 he was appointed professor of harmony and counterpoint at the conservatorium of music, then newly founded by Felix Mendelssohn. On the death of Moritz Hauptmann on 3 January 1868, he was elected cantor of Thomasschule zu Leipzig, conducting the Thomanerchor, an office he retained until his death. He is best known by three theoretical works: ''Lehrbuch der Harmonie'', ''Lehrbuch des einfachen und doppelten Contrapunkts'' and ''Lehrbuch der Fuge'', valuable textbooks known to English students through the translation by J.C.D Parker and Franklin Taylor Franklin Taylor (February 5, 1843 – March 19, 1919) was an English pianist, organist, music educator, and writer on music. Life and career Born in Birmingham, England, Franklin Taylor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
35th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 35th Infantry Division (German: ''35. Infanteriedivision'') was a German Army infantry division in World War II. History The 35th Infantry Division was raised in October 1936 in Germany's re-militarisation. It was mostly used on the eastern front. In May 1940, the division was part of the German forces sent to invade France and Belgium, remaining as an occupational formation in the two nations until June the next year, when it took part in Operation Barbarossa (the invasion of the Soviet Union). Between then and April 1945 the division would remain in the central and southern sectors before being forced back to East Prussia by the advancing Red Army. On 7 December 1941, during the Battle of Moscow, the 35th Infantry Division fell under heavy attack by divisions of the 16th Army. The 8th Guards Rifle Division, 9th Guards Rifle Division and 18th Rifle Division pressured the defenses of the 35th Division, which was then deployed at the seam between Panzer Group 3 and Panz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe ( ; ; ; South Franconian German, South Franconian: ''Kallsruh'') is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, third-largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, after its capital Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the List of cities in Germany by population, 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants. It is also a former capital of Baden, a historic region named after Hohenbaden Castle in the city of Baden-Baden. Located on the right bank of the Rhine (Upper Rhine) near the French border, between the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region, Mannheim-Ludwigshafen conurbation to the north and Strasbourg to the south, Karlsruhe is Germany's legal center, being home to the Federal Constitutional Court, the Federal Court of Justice and the Public Prosecutor General (Germany), Public Prosecutor General. Karlsruhe was the capital of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach (Durlach: 1565–1718; Karlsruhe: 1718–1771), the Margraviate of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Offenburg
Offenburg (; "open borough" - coat of arms showing open gates; Low Alemmanic: ''Offäburg'') is a city in the state of Baden-Württemberg, in south-western Germany. With nearly 60,000 inhabitants (2019), it is the largest city and the administrative capital of the Ortenaukreis. History In recent times the remains of Roman settlements have been found within the city's territory. Offenburg was first mentioned in historical documents dating back to 1148. Offenburg had already been declared a Free Imperial City by 1240. In September 1689, the city - with the exception of two buildings - was totally destroyed by the French during the Nine Years War. Due to Napoleon's dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1803 and subsequent reorganization of the German states, Offenburg lost its status as a Free Imperial City and fell under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Baden. During the outbreak of the Revolutions of 1848, the "''Offenburger Programm''" which consisted of thirteen demands "in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
