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2025 Mexican Judicial Elections
The 2025 Mexican judicial elections were held on 1 June 2025, during which voters elected various members of the Judiciary, federal judiciary. This marked the first judicial election in Mexican history, and it is considered the first instance in the world in which all national judges were elected by popular vote. These elections took place concurrently with 2025 Mexican local elections, state elections in Durango and Veracruz. Voters elected nine Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, Supreme Court justices, two magistrates of the Superior Chamber and 15 magistrates of the Regional Chambers of the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary, five members of the newly established Judicial Disciplinary Tribunal, 464 circuit court magistrates, and 386 district court judges. Background Judicial reform Following the 2024 Mexican general election, the Sigamos Haciendo Historia coalition—formed by the Morena (political party), National Regeneration Movement (Morena), the Labo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases. Meaning The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets, defends, and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary can also be thought of as the mechanism for the resolution of disputes. Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the judiciary generally does not make statutory law (which is the responsibility of the legislature) or enforce law (which is the responsibility of the executive), but rather interprets, defends, and applies the law to the facts of each case. However, in some countries the judiciary does make common law. In many jurisdictions the judicial branch has the power to change laws through the process of judicial review. Courts with judicial review power may annul the laws ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial Independence
Judicial independence is the concept that the judiciary should be independent from the other branches of government. That is, courts should not be subject to improper influence from the other branches of government or from private or partisan interests. Judicial independence is important for the idea of separation of powers. Different countries deal with the idea of judicial independence through different means of judicial selection, that is, choosing judges. One method seen as promoting judicial independence is by granting life tenure or long tenure for judges, as it would ideally free them to decide cases and make rulings according to the rule of law and judicial discretion, even if those decisions are politically unpopular or opposed by powerful interests. This concept can be traced back to 18th-century England. In some countries, the ability of the judiciary to check the legislature is enhanced by the power of judicial review. This power can be used, for example, by manda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citizens' Movement (Mexico)
Citizens' Movement (, MC) is a centre-left political party in Mexico. It was founded in 1999 under the name Convergence for Democracy, which was then shortened to Convergence in 2002 and changed to Citizens' Movement in 2011. Established on 1 August 1999, Convergence for Democracy was founded by civil society activists and former Institutional Revolutionary Party members, advocating for a social market economy and democratic reforms to increase citizen participation in governance. Once the drug war started, the party included demilitarization efforts and drug regulation in its platform. Initially aligning with left-wing coalitions since its inception, disagreements with left-wing parties prompted the party's shift to independence in elections from 2012 onwards. However, it briefly joined an alliance during the 2018 election. Since then, it has heavily focused on sustainability and social issues in its party platform. It is the third political force in the country, receiving 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuevo León
Nuevo León, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León, is a Administrative divisions of Mexico, state in northeastern Mexico. The state borders the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, and has an extremely narrow international border with the U.S. state of Texas. Covering 64,156 square kilometers (24,771 square miles) and with a population of 5.78 million people, Nuevo León is the thirteenth-largest Political divisions of mexico, federal entity by List of Mexican states by area, area and the seventh-most List of Mexican states by population, populous as of 2020. Monterrey, the state's capital, is the most populous city in Nuevo León and the List of cities in Mexico, ninth-largest in Mexico. Monterrey is part of the Monterrey metropolitan area, the Metropolitan areas of Mexico#List of metropolitan areas in Mexico by population, second-largest metropolitan area in the country with an estimated population of 5.3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attorney General's Office (Mexico)
The attorney general of the Republic is the head of the Attorney General's Office (; prior to 2019, ) and the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office of the United Mexican States, an institution belonging to the Federal Government's constitutional autonomous organism that is responsible for the investigation and prosecution of federal crimes. The office is governed mainly by article 102 of the 1917 Constitution and the Organic Law of the Attorney General's Office (). Organization The Attorney General's Office is organized into several subordinate entities, including eight Specialized Prosecutor Offices (Competition Control, Regional Control, Organized Crime, Election-related Crimes, Corruption, Human Rights, Crimes of Violence against Women and Human Trafficking, and Internal Affairs), Criminal Investigation Agency( Federal Ministerial Police, General Coordination of Expert Services (CGSP) and the National Center for Planning, Analysis and Information for Combating Crime (CENAPI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheat Sheet
A cheat sheet (also ''cheatsheet'') or crib sheet or job aid is a concise set of notes used for quick reference. Cheat sheets were historically used by students without an instructor or teacher's knowledge to cheat on a test or exam. In the context of higher education or vocational training, where rote memorization is not as important, students may be permitted (or even encouraged) to develop and consult their cheat sheets during exams. The act of preparing such reference notes can be an educational exercise in itself, in which case students may be restricted to using only those reference notes they have developed themselves. Some universities publish guidelines for the creation of cheat sheets. As reference cards In more general usage, a crib sheet or job aid is any short (one- or two-page) reference to terms, commands, or signs/symbols where the user is expected to understand the use of such terms but not necessarily to have memorized all of them. Many computer applicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Election Silence
Election blackout or election silence is the practice of banning political campaigning or media coverage of a general election, before or during that election. Often, the publication of opinion polls is illegal during this time. Operation In some jurisdictions, such as Slovenia, Poland and Nepal, it is forbidden to try to convince people to vote for a specific candidate or political party on the day of election. Some jurisdictions have declared that, legally, election silence violates the right to freedom of speech. However, some countries use it to "balance out the campaigning and maintain a free voting environment". The goal is to give voters a chance to reflect, free of external pressures, before casting their votes. During this period, no active campaigning by the candidates is allowed. Often polling is also banned. List Overview Election silences are observed in: *Armenia (24 hours) *Argentina (48 hours) *Australia (ban on TV and radio advertising from midnight on the Wed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hacienda (Mexibús L1A) 1
A ''hacienda'' ( or ; or ) is an estate (or ''finca''), similar to a Roman ''latifundium'', in Spain and the former Spanish Empire. With origins in Andalusia, ''haciendas'' were variously plantations (perhaps including animals or orchards), mines or factories, with many ''haciendas'' combining these activities. The word is derived from Spanish ''hacer'' (to make, from Latin ''facere'') and ''haciendo'' (making), referring to productive business enterprises. The term ''hacienda'' is imprecise, but usually refers to landed estates of significant size, while smaller holdings were termed ''estancias'' or ''ranchos''. All colonial ''haciendas'' were owned almost exclusively by Spaniards and criollos, or rarely by mixed-race individuals. In Argentina, the term ''estancia'' is used for large estates that in Mexico would be termed ''haciendas''. In recent decades, the term has been used in the United States for an architectural style associated with the traditional estate manor house ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arturo Zaldívar Lelo De Larrea
Arturo Fernando Zaldívar Lelo de Larrea (born 9 August 1959) is a Mexican lawyer who served as a member of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation from 2009 to 2023. Zaldívar served as president of the Court (Chief Justice) from 2 January 2019 to 31 December 2022. Biography He obtained his law degree at the Escuela Libre de Derecho (ELD) and completed a Law PhD at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He has tenure of second-year Constitutional Law at ELD and is a Graduate School Professor at the same school of Constitutional Law and Constitutional Procedure. He is also a Professor of the Law Faculty at UNAM, the LL.M. program at the Universidad Panamericana (UP), and the LL.B. (Bachelor of Laws) at Universidad Iberoamericana. He was a member of the commission created by the Supreme Court, in charge of reforming the Ley de Amparo (the law concerning the partial judicial review and the protection of the civil rights embedded in the Constitution). He was a consultan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sortition
In governance, sortition is the selection of public officer, officials or jurors at random, i.e. by Lottery (probability), lottery, in order to obtain a representative sample. In ancient Athenian democracy, sortition was the traditional and primary method for appointing political officials, and its use was regarded as a principal characteristic of democracy. Sortition is often classified as a method for both direct democracy and deliberative democracy. Today sortition is commonly used to select prospective jurors in common law (legal system), common-law systems. What has changed in recent years is the increased number of citizens' assembly, citizen groups with political advisory power, along with calls for making sortition more consequential than elections, as it was in Athenian democracy, Athens, Republic of Venice, Venice, and Republic of Florence, Florence. History Ancient Athens Athenian democracy developed in the 6th century BC out of what was then called isonomia (equal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2024 Mexican Judicial Reform
The 2024 Mexican judicial reform is a series of constitutional amendments that restructured the judiciary of Mexico. The reform replaced Mexico's appointment-based system for selecting judges with one where judges, pre-selected by Congress, are elected by popular vote, with each judge serving a renewable nine-year term. It reduces the number of Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, Supreme Court justices from 11 to 9 and limits their terms to 12 years. The reform also allows the use of Faceless court, "faceless" judges and establishes a new tribunal for judicial oversight and accountability, while significantly reducing benefits and salaries previously received by members of the judiciary. With its passing, Mexico became the first country to have elections for all judges. The reform was put forward by the governing coalition, led by the National Regeneration Movement (Morena), with the goal of eliminating corruption in the judiciary. It faced significant resistance from opposi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
