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2020 In Public Domain
When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of creators whose works entered the public domain in 2020. Since laws List of copyright duration by country, vary globally, the copyright status of some works is not uniform. Entering the public domain in countries with life + 70 years With the exception of Belarus (Life + 50 years) and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe at the end of the calendar year following 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. Russia has a 4-year extension to Life+ 70 (in essence Life+74) for authors who worked during World War II in the Soviet Union. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator that entered the public domain on January 1, 2020. Countries with life + 60 years In Bangladesh, India, and Venezuela a work enters the public domain 60 ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright
A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. Copyright is intended to protect the original expression of an idea in the form of a creative work, but not the idea itself. A copyright is subject to limitations based on public interest considerations, such as the fair use doctrine in the United States and fair dealings doctrine in the United Kingdom. Some jurisdictions require "fixing" copyrighted works in a tangible form. It is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rights holders. These rights normally include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and moral rights such as attribution. Copyrights can be granted by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Al-Banna
Hassan Ahmed Abd al-Rahman Muhammed al-Banna (; 14 October 1906 – 12 February 1949), known as Hassan al-Banna (), was an Egyptian schoolteacher and Imam, best known for founding the Muslim Brotherhood, one of the largest and most influential global Islamist movements, and for his death at the hands of the Egyptian government. Al-Banna's writings marked a turning-point in Islamic intellectual history by presenting a distinct and all-encompassing modern ideology based on Islam. Al-Banna considered Islam to be a comprehensive system of life, with the Quran and Sunnah as the only acceptable constitution. He called for Islamization of the state, the economy, and society. He declared that establishing a just society required development of institutions and progressive taxation, and developed an Islamic fiscal theory where '' zakat'' would be reserved for social expenditure in order to reduce inequality. Al-Banna's ideology featured criticism of Western materialism, British imper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musa Bigiev
Musa Jarullah Bigiev (born – 28 October 1949), sometimes known as Luther of Islam, was Tatars, Tatar Hanafi Maturidi scholar, theologian philosopher, publicist and one of the leaders of the Jadid, Jadid movement. After receiving his education in Kazan, Bukhara, Istanbul and Cairo, he became a political activist for the Ittifaq al-Muslimin, Ittifaq, the political organisation of the Muslims of Russia. He also taught in Orenburg, wrote journalistic texts and translated classic works into Tatar language, Tatar. After emigrating from the Soviet Union, he travelled Europe and the Middle and Far East while writing and publishing. Naming variations In modern Tatar alphabet#Cyrillic version, Tatar, Bigievs name is written as Бигиев Муса Җарулла, ''Bigiev Musa Carulla'', or Муса Ярулла улы Бигиев, ''Musa Jarulla ulı Bigiev''. He had various names in Arabic; for example, ''Musa Jarullah ibn Fatima at-Turkistani Kazan, al-Qazani at-Tatari ar-Rostofdoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Königskinder
' (German for ''King's Children'' or “Royal Children”) is a stage work by Engelbert Humperdinck that exists in two versions: as a melodrama and as an opera or more precisely a '' Märchenoper''. The libretto was written by Ernst Rosmer (pen name of Else Bernstein-Porges), adapted from her play of the same name. In 1894, Heinrich Porges asked Humperdinck to write incidental music for his daughter Else's play. Humperdinck was interested in making the story into an opera but since Else Bernstein-Porges initially refused, he opted for the play to be staged as a melodrama – that is with spoken dialogue taking place along with an instrumental backdrop. (The work also included operatic arias and choruses, as well as unaccompanied dialogue.) In the melodramatic passages, Humperdinck designed an innovative hybrid notation that called for a text delivery somewhere between singing and speech. With this notation, the singer was expected to deliver a substantial portion of the text wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elsa Bernstein
Elsa Bernstein (née Porges; pseudonym, Ernst Rosmer; 27 October 1866 – 2 July 1949) was an Austrian-German writer, dramatist, and literary figure. Life Elsa Porges was born in Vienna, a daughter of Heinrich Porges (a close friend of Richard Wagner). At the age of ten, at her own insistence, she attended the first complete, four-opera performance of ''The Ring Cycle'' in Bayreuth in 1876, for which her father served as Wagner's special documentary-archivist. In opera tradition, Elsa is considered to have been the cycle's youngest audience member. With her marriage to journalist Max Bernstein, she became hostess to one of the most notable musical and literary salons of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. At various times, attendees included Gerhart Hauptmann (whose son married Bernstein's daughter, Eva), Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Engelbert Humperdinck, Henrik Ibsen, Annette Kolb, Hermann Levi, Alma and Gustav Mahler, Thomas Mann, Rainer Maria Rilke, Richard Stra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bergius Process
The Bergius process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high-volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure. It was first developed by Friedrich Bergius in 1913. In 1931 Bergius was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of high-pressure chemistry. Process The coal is finely ground and dried in a stream of hot gas. The dry product is mixed with heavy oil recycled from the process. A catalyst is typically added to the mixture. A number of catalysts have been developed over the years, including tungsten or molybdenum disulfide, tin or nickel oleate, and others. Alternatively, iron sulfide present in the coal may have sufficient catalytic activity for the process, which was the original Bergius process. The mixture is pumped into a reactor. The reaction occurs at between 400 and 500 °C and 20 to 70 MPa hydrogen pressure. The reaction produces heavy oils, middle oils, gasoline, and gases. The o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Bergius
Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius (, 11 October 1884 – 30 March 1949) was a German chemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from coal, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1931, together with Carl Bosch) in recognition of contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods. Having worked with IG Farben during World War II, his citizenship came into question following the war, causing him to ultimately flee to Argentina, where he acted as adviser to the Ministry of Industry. Early life Bergius was born near Breslau (Wrocław), then in the German Empire. Academic career Before studying chemistry, Bergius was sent to work for 6 months at the Friedrich Wilhelms steel works in Mülheim. His studies started at the University of Breslau in 1903 and ended with a PhD in chemistry at the University of Leipzig in 1907, after only 4 years. His thesis on sulfuric acid as solvent was supervised by Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch. In 1909 Bergius worked fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federico Beltrán Masses
Federico Beltrán Masses (8 September 1885 – 4 October 1949) was a Spanish painter known for his rich use of colour, psychological portraiture, and evocative images of women. Born in Cuba to Spanish parents, he spent his youth in Barcelona before studying painting in Madrid under Joaquín Sorolla. Beltrán Masses achieved significant success in Paris during the early twentieth century, exhibiting internationally and receiving critical acclaim. His work is characterized by Symbolist influences, dramatic nocturnal settings, and a distinctive colour palette known as "Beltrán blue." Despite a period of obscurity after his death, his reputation has been revived in recent decades through exhibitions and scholarly interest. Early life and education Federico Beltrán Masses was born on 8 September 1885 in Cuba, the only child of Luis Beltrán Fernández Estepona, a former Spanish army officer stationed there, and Doña Mercedes Masses Olives, the daughter of a doctor from Lleida, C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalil Beidas
Khalil Beidas (, also transliterated Khalil Bedas, Khalil Baydas, Khalil Beydas) (1874–1949) was a Palestinian scholar, educator, translator and novelist. Beidas was the father of Palestinian Lebanese banker Yousef Beidas and was a cousin of Edward Said's father. Alongside contemporaries such as Khalil al-Sakakini, Izzat Darwaza and Najib Nassar, Beidas was one of Palestine's foremost intellectuals in the early twentieth century during the Al-Nahda cultural renaissance. Beidas was the pioneer of the modern Levantine short-story and novel. He was also a prolific translator—as early as 1898, he had translated some of the works of Tolstoy and Pushkin into Arabic. In addition, he established a magazine, "'' al-Nafā'is al-'asriyyah''" (, ''The Modern Treasures)'', which acquired a good name in literary circles both in the Ottoman vilayet of Syria (broadly corresponding to today's Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon) and the Palestinian Diaspora. Beidas is als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Spoilers (Beach Novel)
''The Spoilers'' (1906) is a novel by Rex Beach based in Alaska that was one of the best selling novels of 1906.Korda, MichaelMaking the List: A Cultural History of the American Bestseller, 1900-1999 p. 11 (2001) (listing ''The Spoilers'' at number eight for the year)The annual American catalog, 1906 p. xii (1907) (stating that '' The Bookman (New York)'' listed ''The Spoilers'' four times in its lists for 1906)(July 7, 1906) The Six Most Popular Novels In May '' |
Good Bye Broadway, Hello France
Good-Bye Broadway, Hello France is a 1917 song composed by Billy Baskette, with lyrics written by C. Francis Reisner and Benny Davis. The song was published by Leo Feist, Inc. Leopold Feist (January 3, 1869, New York City or Mount Verson, New York – June 21, 1930, Mount Vernon, New York) was a pioneer in the popular music publishing business. In 1897, Feist founded and ran a music publishing firm bearing his name. In ... Performances The song was included in ''The Passing Show of 1917'' as part of the finale. The song was performed by American Quartet (ensemble), The American Quartet and reached No. 1 on the top 100 songs of 1917. Other covers include those by The Peerless Quartet, (No. 5 on 1917 top 100), Arthur Fields (1917), and Jaudus' Society Orchestra (1918). The song inspired Irving Berlin's 1918 hit, "Goodbye, France," a song about leaving France to return to the United States. While the song was popular during its time, it also saw a revival during World War II, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
