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2017 French Riots
The 2017 French riots refer to two separate unrelated incidents of unrest in France following claimed abuse of power by police. The first of these riots began on 4 February 2017, in suburbs of Paris, following the alleged rape of a black man named Théo L. by police with a baton. These protests continued until 15 February. The second set of riots began late March when a Chinese man was fatally shot by police officers in Paris. These riots ended the next day. February riots Théo affair On 2 February 2017, four police officers approached a group of young people at 4:53 PM in the Rose-des-Vents neighborhood of Aulnay-sous-Bois ( Seine-Saint-Denis), a Paris suburb. According to 22-year-old Théodore Luhaka (aka Théo), a local educator, he went with a friend of his sister and had just visited friends in the neighborhood. He said police approached him and ordered him to stand against a wall to be frisked. He said that one of the men the police accosted asked why he was being thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Situation In The French Suburbs
The word ''banlieue'', which is French for "suburb," does not necessarily refer to an environment of social disenfranchisement. Indeed, there exist many wealthy suburbs, such as Neuilly-sur-Seine (the wealthiest commune of France) and Versailles outside Paris. Nevertheless, the term ''banlieues'' has often been used to describe troubled suburban communities—those with high unemployment, high crime rates, and frequently, a high proportion of residents of foreign origin mainly from former French African colonies and therefore Berbers, Blacks, and Arabs. Historical context Rebuilding of France after World War II The destruction of World War II, coupled with an increase in the country's population (due both to immigration and natural increase) left France with a severe housing shortage. During the 1950s, shantytowns (''bidonvilles'') developed on the outskirts of major cities. During the winter of 1954, popular priest Abbé Pierre urged the government to work on behal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Parisien
''Le Parisien'' (; French for "The Parisian") is a French daily newspaper covering both international and national news, and local news of Paris and its suburbs. It is owned by LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE, better known as LVMH. History and profile The paper was established as ''Le Parisien libéré'' (meaning "The Freed Parisian" in English) by Émilien Amaury in 1944, and was published for the first time on 22 August 1944. The paper was originally launched as the organ of the French underground during the German occupation of France in World War II The Military Administration in France (german: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; french: Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zo .... The name was changed to the current one in 1986. A national edition exists, called ''Aujourd'hui en France'' (meaning "Today in France" in English). LVMH acquired the pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bobigny
Bobigny () is a commune, or town, in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Bobigny is the prefecture (capital city) of the Seine-Saint-Denis department, as well as the seat of the Arrondissement of Bobigny. It is the 11th most populous ''commune'' in Seine-Saint-Denis (2019). Inhabitants are called ''Balbyniens''. Bobigny is the seat of the Seine-Saint-Denis prefecture. The first IKEA store in France was located in this commune. Transport Bobigny is served by two stations on Paris Métro Line 5: Bobigny – Pantin – Raymond Queneau and Bobigny – Pablo Picasso. It can also be reached from the outer terminus of Paris Métro Line 7 at La Courneuve. Economy Valeo has management branches (Valeo Transmissions group and Valeo Friction Materials group) here. It was also the manufacturing base used by Meccano for French ''Dinky Toys'' from 1933 until 1970, when the factory was closed and later demolished. Produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Dauphiné Libéré
''Le Dauphiné libéré'' is a provincial daily French newspaper known for its emphasis on local news and events. The paper is published in Grenoble, France. History and profile Founded in 1945, it takes the name from the former province of Dauphiné. ''Le Dauphiné libéré'' is produced in 24 different editions covering events in eight French departments, mainly in the region Rhône-Alpes: * Ain (Pays de Gex only) *Hautes-Alpes (in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) *Ardèche *Drôme * Isère *Savoie *Haute-Savoie *Vaucluse (in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) The paper is published in broadsheet format. The print service is in Veurey-Voroize in the agglomeration of Grenoble. Until 2010 ''Le Dauphiné libéré'' organised the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, an important race in the lead-up to the Tour de France. The race then became the Critérium du Dauphiné. Circulation The 1998 circulation of ''Le Dauphiné libéré'' was 259,000 copies. The paper had a circulation of 259,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snapchat
Snapchat is an American multimedia instant messaging app and service developed by Snap Inc., originally Snapchat Inc. One of the principal features of Snapchat is that pictures and messages are usually only available for a short time before they become inaccessible to their recipients. The app has evolved from originally focusing on person-to-person photo sharing to presently featuring users' "Stories" of 24 hours of chronological content, along with "Discover", letting brands show ad-supported short-form content. It also allows users to store photos in a password-protected area called "my eyes only". It has also reportedly incorporated limited use of end-to-end encryption, with plans to broaden its use in the future. Snapchat was created by Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie Brown, former students at Stanford University. It is known for representing a mobile-first direction for social media, and places significant emphasis on users interacting with virtual stickers an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamboula
A bamboula is a type of drum made from a rum barrel with skin stretched over one end. It is also a dance accompanied by music from these drums. History Originating in Africa, the bamboula form appears in a Haitian song in 1757 and bamboula became a dance syncopation performed to the rhythm of the drum during festivals and ceremonies in Haiti (then Saint-Domingue). It was then exported to the United States (notably Mobile, Alabama, and the Virgin Islands) through Louisiana, by the slaves who were deported to New Orleans during the 18th century with the arrival of the displaced French settlers of the island of San Domingo especially after the Haitian Revolution. The slaves congregated on the Congo Square to the edge of the area of the French Quarter of New Orleans to dance the bamboula. In 1848, the American composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk, born in New Orleans, Louisiana, and whose maternal grandmother was a native of Saint-Domingue, composed a piece entitled ''Bamboula'', t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism In France
Racism has been called a serious social issue in French society by some commentators despite public belief that racism does not exist on a serious scale in France. Antisemitism, as well as prejudice against ethnic Muslims and other non-Christians, have a long history. Acts have been reported against members of resident minority groups including Jews, Berbers, Arabs and Asian people. 2019 police data indicates a total of 1,142 acts classified as "racist" without a religious connotation. Some racist acts have a religious connotation: the same data indicates 1,052 anti-Christian, 687 anti-Jewish and 154 anti-Muslim acts were perpetrated in 2019 for a total population of over 67 million.Bilan 2019 des actes antireligieux, antisémites, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bâton Télescopique
The endpin is the component of a cello or double bass that makes contact with the floor to support the instrument's weight. It is made of metal, carbon fiber, or, occasionally, wood, and is typically extensible from the bottom of the instrument, secured there with a thumbscrew or other tightening mechanism. Most bass clarinets and contrabassoons also have a similar fixture. Endpins became a standard part of the cello in the mid-19th century. Before then, celli were held tightly with the legs. Some performers of pieces of baroque music continue to not use an endpin during period performances.Braun, William: ''The Evolution of the Cello Endpin and Its Effect on Technique and Repertoire'' University of Nebraska - Lincoln. School of Music Music, 201/ref> The endpin is widely credited to making the cello more appealing to play for women, who were before compelled to hold the instrument on the floor due to the complicated dress and fashion of the time. Types of endpins Endpins are usual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphincter
A sphincter is a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. Sphincters are found in many animals. There are over 60 types in the human body, some microscopically small, in particular the millions of precapillary sphincters. Sphincters relax at death, often releasing fluids and faeces. Functioning Each sphincter is associated with the lumen (opening) it surrounds. As long as the sphincter muscle is contracted, its length is shortened and the lumen is constricted (closed). Relaxation of the muscle causes it to lengthen, opening the lumen and allowing the passage of liquids, solids, or gases. This is evident, for example, in the blowholes of numerous marine mammals. Many sphincters are used every day in the normal course of digestion. For example, the lower oesophageal sphincter (or cardiac sphincter), which resides at the top of the stomach, is closed most of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anal Canal
The anal canal is the part that connects the rectum to the anus, located below the level of the pelvic diaphragm. It is located within the anal triangle of the perineum, between the right and left ischioanal fossa. As the final functional segment of the bowel, it functions to regulate release of excrement by two muscular sphincter complexes. The anus is the aperture at the terminal portion of the anal canal. Structure In humans, the anal canal is approximately long, from the anorectal junction to the anus. It is directed downwards and backwards. It is surrounded by inner involuntary and outer voluntary sphincters which keep the lumen closed in the form of an anteroposterior slit. The canal is differentiated from the rectum by a transition along the internal surface from endodermal to skin-like ectodermal tissue. The anal canal is traditionally divided into two segments, upper and lower, separated by the pectinate line (also known as the dentate line): * upper zone (zo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tear Gas
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In addition, it can cause severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and blindness. Common lachrymators both currently and formerly used as tear gas include pepper spray (OC gas), PAVA spray ( nonivamide), CS gas, CR gas, CN gas (phenacyl chloride), bromoacetone, xylyl bromide and Mace (a branded mixture). While lachrymatory agents are commonly deployed for riot control by law enforcement and military personnel, its use in warfare is prohibited by various international treaties.E.g. the Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibited the use of "asphyxiating gas, or any other kind of gas, liquids, substances or similar materials". During World War I, increasingly toxic and deadly lachrymatory agents were used. The short and long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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