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2015 Estonian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 1 March 2015. Advance voting was held between 19 and 25 February with a turnout of 33 percent. The Reform Party (Estonia), Reform Party remained the largest in the Riigikogu, winning 30 of the 101 seats. Its leader, Taavi Rõivas, remained Prime Minister. The newly elected 101 members of the 13th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. Two political newcomers, the Estonian Free Party, Free Party and the Conservative People's Party of Estonia, Conservative People's Party (EKRE) crossed the threshold to enter the Riigikogu. In January 2015, the National Electoral Committee announced that ten political parties and eleven individual candidates had registered to take part in the 2015 parliamentary election. Individuals from contesting political parties also participated in multiple organised debates in January and February 2015. Following this election, Reform successfully negotiated with the Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riigikogu
The Riigikogu (, from Estonian ''riigi-'', "of the state", and ''kogu'', "assembly") is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the prime minister and chief justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the president. Among its other tasks, the Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations and bring about changes in law, as well as approves the budget presented by the government as law, and monitors the executive power. History History 23 April 1919, the opening session of the Estonian Constituent Assembly is considered the founding date of the Parliament of Estonia. Established under the 1920 constitution, the Riigikogu had 100 members elected for a three-year term on the basis of proportional representation. Elections ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party (Estonia)
The Social Democratic Party (, SDE) is a centre-left political party in Estonia. It is currently led by Lauri Läänemets. The party was formerly known as the Moderate People's Party (). The SDE has been a member of the Party of European Socialists since 16 May 2003 and was a member of the Socialist International from November 1990 to 2017. It is orientated towards the principles of social-democracy, and it supports Estonia's membership in the European Union. From April 2023 until March 2025, the party was a junior coalition partner in the Kaja Kallas' third cabinet, third Kallas government and the Kristen Michal's cabinet, Michal government. History During the perestroika, perestroika era, the Estonian Social Democratic Party (''Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Partei'', ESDP) was formed as Estonia's social-democratic movements merged in 1990. The movements were: the Estonian Democratic Labour Party (1989), Estonian Democratic Labour Party, the Estonian Social Democratic Inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Põhja-Tallinn
Põhja-Tallinn (Estonian for 'northern Tallinn') is one of the eight administrative districts () of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. Subdistricts Põhja-Tallinn is divided into nine subdistricts (): Kalamaja, Karjamaa, Kelmiküla, Kopli, Merimetsa, Paljassaare, Pelgulinn, Pelguranna, and Sitsi. Population The population in Põhja-Tallinn was 59,857 as of 1 January 2021. Gallery File:Tallinn, Vene-Balti laevatehase administratiivhoone, 1913-15.jpg, Former administrative building of Russo-Baltic shipyard in Kopli, now used by the Estonian Maritime Academy. File:Tallinn, Balti Puuvillavabriku tootmishoone peakorpus, 1900-1909 (2).jpg, Former Baltic cotton factory building in Sitsi. File:Tallinn, Balti Puuvillavabriku tööliselamu Sitsi 9, 1901-1905 (2).jpg, Dwelling of the workers of Baltic cotton factory. File:Patarei Prison, Tallinn.jpg, Former Patarei Prison in Kalamaja. File:Tallinn, koolihoone Ristiku 69, 1929 (1).jpg, Schoolhouse in Pelgulinn. File:Pelgulinn, Hei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haabersti
Haabersti () is one of the 8 administrative districts () of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. Haabersti is divided into 12 subdistricts (): Astangu, Haabersti, Kakumäe, Mustjõe, Mäeküla, Õismäe, Pikaliiva, Rocca al Mare, Tiskre, Veskimetsa, Vismeistri and Väike-Õismäe. The most populous part of the district is Väike-Õismäe, a residential area consisting of big panel houses which were mostly built in the 1970s. Lake Harku and an extensive beach area at Kakumäe and the Kopli Bay lie within the boundaries of the district. Since most of the territory has not been previously used for building, new areas with small residential buildings have developed in the last two decades. Haabersti is home to the Estonian Open Air Museum, Saku Suurhall Unibet Arena (named Saku Suurhall until 31 December 2022) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the Haabersti (subdistrict), Haabersti subdistrict of the Estonian capital, Tallinn. Opened in November 2001, it is the lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riigikogu Electoral District No
The Riigikogu (, from Estonian ''riigi-'', "of the state", and ''kogu'', "assembly") is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the prime minister and chief justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the president. Among its other tasks, the Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations and bring about changes in law, as well as approves the budget presented by the government as law, and monitors the executive power. History History 23 April 1919, the opening session of the Estonian Constituent Assembly is considered the founding date of the Parliament of Estonia. Established under the 1920 constitution, the Riigikogu had 100 members elected for a three-year term on the basis of proportional representation. Elections wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D'Hondt Method
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in proportional representation among political parties. It belongs to the class of highest-averages methods. Compared to ideal proportional representation, the D'Hondt method reduces somewhat the political fragmentation for smaller electoral district sizes, where it favors larger political parties over small parties. The method was first described in 1792 by American Secretary of State and later President of the United States Thomas Jefferson. It was re-invented independently in 1878 by Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt, which is the reason for its two different names. Motivation Proportional representation systems aim to allocate seats to parties approximately in proportion to the number of votes received. For example, if a party wins one-third of the votes then it should gain about one-third of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (Political party, political parties) among voters. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast contribute to the result so that each representative in an assembly is mandated by a roughly equal number of voters, and therefore all votes have equal weight. Under other election systems, a bare Plurality (voting), plurality or a scant majority in a district are all that are used to elect a member or group of members. PR systems provide balanced representation to different factions, usually defined by parties, reflecting how votes were cast. Where only a choice of parties is allowed, the seats are allocated to parties in proportion to the vote tally or ''vote share'' each party receives. Exact proportionality is never achieved under PR systems, except by chance. The use of elector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pro Patria And Res Publica Union
Isamaa () is a Christian democratic and national conservative political party in Estonia. It was founded on 4 June 2006 under the name of "Pro Patria and Res Publica Union", by the merger of two conservative parties, Pro Patria Union and Res Publica Party. Up to the 2007 parliamentary elections, the party held 32 seats out of 101 in the Riigikogu and one of Estonia's six seats in the European Parliament. The party is a member of the European People's Party (EPP). The merged party consisted of two separate boards and two party leaders, which was replaced by a unified board and leader in May 2007. The party's prime minister candidate was Mart Laar, who became a chairman of the party. In 2018, its name was changed to "Isamaa", meaning literally "Fatherland". Ideologically, it has been positioned on the centre-right or right-wing on the political spectrum, and it is economically liberal. History Pre-foundation Prior to the merger, there was an extreme drop in public suppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Reform Party
The Estonian Reform Party () is a liberal political party in Estonia. The party has been led by Kristen Michal since 2024. It is colloquially known as the "Squirrel Party" () or as "the Squirrels" (), referencing its logo. It was founded in 1994 by Siim Kallas, then-president of the Bank of Estonia, as a split from Pro Patria National Coalition Party. As the Reform Party has participated in most of the government coalitions in Estonia since the mid-1990s, its influence has been significant, especially regarding Estonia's free-market and low-taxation policies. The party has been a full member of Liberal International since 1996, having been an observer member between 1994 and 1996, and a full member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). Reform Party leaders Siim Kallas, Taavi Rõivas, Andrus Ansip, Kaja Kallas and Kristen Michal have all served as prime ministers of Estonia. From 11 March 2025, the party has been the senior member in a coalition g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrus Ansip
Andrus Ansip (; born 1 October 1956) is an Estonian politician, a member of the European Parliament, the former European Commissioner for Digital Single Market and Vice President of the European Commission, in office from 2014 until 2019. Previously, he was Prime Minister of Estonia from 2005 to 2014 and chairman of the liberal Estonian Reform Party () from 2004 to 2014. Before his entry into politics Ansip trained as a chemist, before working in banking and business. He entered Parliament in 2004, quickly becoming Minister of Economic Affairs, and subsequently prime minister in April 2005. On 1 November 2014, he was appointed to the European Commission. Early life and business career Born in Tartu, Ansip graduated from the University of Tartu with a degree in chemistry in 1979. He worked as an engineer at the university from 1979 to 1983 (with a two-year break for mandatory military service). He was an instructor in the Industry Department and Head of the Organisational Dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Centre Party
The Estonian Centre Party (, EK) is a populist political party in Estonia. It was founded in 1991 as a direct successor of the Popular Front of Estonia, and it is currently led by Mihhail Kõlvart. The party was founded on 12 October 1991 from the basis of the Popular Front of Estonia after several parties split from it. At that time, the party was called the People's Centre Party (''Rahvakeskerakond'') to differentiate from the smaller centre-right Rural Centre Party (''Maa-Keskerakond''). The party was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe until 14 September 2024. History In the parliamentary elections of March 1995, the Centre Party was placed third with 14.2% of votes and 16 seats. It entered the coalition, Edgar Savisaar taking the position of the Minister of Internal Affairs, and four other ministerial positions (Social Affairs, Economy, Education and Transportation & Communications). After the " tape scandal" (secret taping of talks with oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cordon Sanitaire (politics)
In politics, ''cordon sanitaire'' (; ) is the refusal of one or more political parties to cooperate with certain other political parties. Often this is because the targeted party has strategies or an ideology perceived as unacceptable or extremist. The term ''cordon sanitaire'' has been applied to refusals to cooperate with parties which are populist, extremist left or extremist right. The cordon sanitaire can be seen as a social norm. Examples by country Austria After Jörg Haider became leader of the Freedom Party of Austria in 1986, all other parties refused to cooperate with them until 2000 when the first Schüssel government was formed. This coalition government would last from 2000 to 2005, and a second coalition government would last from 2017 to 2019. Belgium Beginning in the late 1980s, the term was introduced into the discourse on parliamentary politics by Belgian commentators. At that time, the far-right Flemish nationalist Vlaams Blok party began to make s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
