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2006 Montenegrin Parliamentary Election
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in the newly-independent Republic of Montenegro on 10 September 2006. Prime Minister Milo Đukanović's Coalition for a European Montenegro (based around the Democratic Party of Socialists) won a majority in Parliament, winning 41 of the 81 seats. The opposition blocs together won 34 seats; 12 for the Serb List (SL) and 11 each for the Socialist People's Party (SNP)-led list and the Movement for Changes (PzP). Other seats were won by parties representing national minorities. As the opposition conceded defeat, DPS leader Đukanović stated "These elections showed that Montenegro is stable and firm on its European path." Electoral system Of the 81 seats in Parliament, 76 were elected by proportional representation in a nationwide constituency and five were elected in a special constituency for the Albanian minority.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1370 The electoral threshold was s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2002 Montenegrin Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 20 October 2002.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 1372. The result was a victory for the For a European Montenegro alliance formed by the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP), which won 39 of the 75 seats.Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1375. It was the last parliamentary election held in Montenegro prior to independence referendum in 2006. Electoral system Of the 75 seats in Parliament, 73 were elected by proportional representation in a nationwide constituency and two were elected in a special constituency for the Albanian minority.Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1370. The electoral threshold was set at 3% and seats allocated using the d'Hondt method. Closed lists were used with a single list for both constituencies, although parties only had to award half their seats according to the order of the list, with the remaining half free for them to allocate. Conte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Željko Šturanović
Željko Šturanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Жељко Штурановић; 31 January 1960 – 30 June 2014) was a Montenegrin politician who was the Prime Minister of Montenegro from 2006 until his resignation in 2008. Early life Šturanović was born in Nikšić, in what was then the People's Republic of Montenegro, part of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Y .... Prime Minister of Montenegro Appointment as Prime Minister Šturanović served as Political minister, Minister of Justice in Prime Minister Milo Đukanović's government. After Đukanović's announcement on 3 October 2006 that he would not accept the nomination for the position of Prime Minister again, Šturanović was selected as a candidate for the position by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Party (Montenegro, 1990)
The People's Party ( sr, Народна странка, Narodna Stranka, abbr. НС/NS) was a conservative political party in Montenegro. History The party was established in 1990, after a multi-party system was introduced in Montenegro, and was named after the historical People's Party. Notable party founders include Novak Kilibarda, Matija Bećković, Božidar Bojović, Pavle Milić, Jovan Markuš, Dragan Šoć, Momir Vojvodić and Bogoljub Šijaković. The People's Party opposed Slobodan Milošević's regime in Serbia and his supporters in Montenegro during the 1990s. It joined DPS and SDP in 1998 election, and it participated in Government with the two until 2001. But, when DPS and SDP openly stated that they are proponents of full Montenegrin independence. People's Party of Montenegro left the coalition and the Government. Afterwards, it was mostly in coalition with pro-union with Serbia parties. After the referendum, the People's Party refused to acknowledge the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Montenegro
The European Montenegro ( cnr, Европскa Црна Горa, script=Cyrl, cnr, Evropska Crna Gora, label=none, script=Latn; abbr. ECG) was the ruling political alliance in Montenegro headed by Milo Đukanović's Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS). Following the internal turmoil within the DPS during late 1996 and early 1997 when the party's most prominent members Đukanović and Momir Bulatović bitterly fought behind the scenes for the control of the party, Đukanović emerged as the clear winner of the year-long power struggle. Under his leadership, DPS began entering pre-election alliances with smaller parties under the coalition banner that had a different name ahead of each parliamentary election. Besides the leading DPS, it was also consisted of two main political parties, the SDP and the LPCG. The coalition was formally dissolved in 2016. The first version of the coalition was formed ahead of the 1998 parliamentary elections in Montenegro under the name So that we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed List
Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively only vote for political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some influence, that would be called an open list. Closed list systems are still commonly used in party-list proportional representation, and most mixed electoral systems also use closed lists in their party list component. Many countries, however have changed their electoral systems to use open lists to incorporate personalised representation to their proportional systems. In closed list systems, each political party has pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections, so that the candidates positioned highest on this list tend to always get a seat in the parliament while the candidates positioned very low on the closed list will not. However, the candidates "at the water mark" of a given party are in the positi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D'Hondt Method
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is a method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in party-list proportional representation systems. It belongs to the class of highest-averages methods. The method was first described in 1792 by future U.S. president Thomas Jefferson. It was re-invented independently in 1878 by Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt, which is the reason for its two different names. Motivation Proportional representation systems aim to allocate seats to parties approximately in proportion to the number of votes received. For example, if a party wins one-third of the votes then it should gain about one-third of the seats. In general, exact proportionality is not possible because these divisions produce fractional numbers of seats. As a result, several methods, of which the D'Hondt method is one, have been devised which ensure that the parties' seat allocations, which are of whole numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways, e.g. in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In Single transferable voting the election threshold is called the quota and not only the first choice but also the next-indicated choices are used to determine whether or not a party passes the electoral threshold (and it is possible to be elected under STV even if a candidate does not pass the election threshold). In MMP systems the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for the top-up seats. The effect of an electoral threshold is to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral systems and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'' (1999 with Michael Krennerich and Bernhard Thibaut) *''Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook'' (2001 with and Christof Hartmann) ** ''Volume 2: South East Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific'' (2002), *''Vo ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montenegro And The European Union
Accession of Montenegro to the European Union is on the current agenda for future enlargement of the EU. Shortly after voting for independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in a referendum in 2006, Montenegro began the process of accession to the European Union by agreeing to a Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the EU, which officially came into force on 1 May 2010. Montenegro officially applied to join the EU on 15 December 2008, and membership negotiations began on 29 June 2012. With all the negotiating chapters opened, the country enjoys a widespread support among EU members' officials, and accession of the country to the EU is considered possible by 2025. History Note: This section covers the relationship between Montenegro and the EU since Montenegro's potential candidate status was granted. Identification Montenegro was granted potential candidate status in December 2002, when it was still in a union with Serbia. The country's European Persp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movement For Changes
Movement for Changes (, PZP) is a right-wing populist, sovereignist and conservative political party in Montenegro. Its current leader is Nebojša Medojević, the party's founder. History Party was founded by a group of economists and academics in September 2002 and was modeled after the Group 17 Plus in Serbia. It is led by Nebojša Medojević It operated as a non-governmental organization under the name Group for Changes (''Grupa za promjene'') until July 17, 2006, when it reconstituted itself as a political party. In the 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, PzP remained neutral and did not campaign for either option, their choice being an outcome without the Movement's involvement. Although prominent members of the party supported an independent Montenegrin state, they refused to join the Bloc for an Independent Montenegro, led by the DPS. After the referendum, they stated that they did so out of opposition to Đukanović's rule, which they see as corrupt and undemocrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Montenegro
The Parliament of Montenegro ( cg, Скупштина Црне Горе, Skupština Crne Gore) is the unicameral legislature of Montenegro. The Parliament currently has 81 members, with each member elected to a four-year term. Following the 2006 independence referendum, the Parliament declared and ratified the independence of Montenegro on 3 June 2006. Members of the house are elected using proportional representation. History The Parliament of Montenegro was initially established by the Constitution of the Principality of Montenegro in 1905 and was called the Popular Assembly (''Narodna skupština''). It had a limited legislative role, limited by the authority of the Knjaz (Prince). The first parliament was constituted in 1906. Following the incorporation of the Kingdom of Montenegro into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1918, the Parliament of Montenegro was disbanded until World War II. The Parliament was reinstated in 1944, in the form of the ''Montenegrin Antifascist Assembly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party Of Socialists Of Montenegro
The Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro ( cnr, Демократска партија социјалиста Црне Горе, Demokratska partija socijalista Crne Gore, DPS) is a populist political party in Montenegro. A former long-time ruling party sitting at the Opposition (politics), opposition for the first time as of 2020, it was formed on 22 June 1991 as the successor of the League of Communists of Montenegro, which had governed Montenegro within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia since World War II, and has remained a major force in the country ever since. The party is a member of the Socialist International and the Progressive Alliance, and an associate of the Party of European Socialists. During the 1990s, DPS was the major centre-left, social-democratic party in favour of Serbian-Montenegrin unionism. However, since 1997, the party has embraced 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, Montenegrin independence and has been improving ties with the West, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
