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2004 World Monuments Watch
The World Monuments Watch is a flagship advocacy program of the New York-based private non-profit organization World Monuments Fund (WMF) that is dedicated to preserving the historic, artistic, and architectural heritage around the world. Selection process Every two years, it publishes a select list known as the Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites that is in urgent need of preservation funding and protection. It is a call to action on behalf of threatened cultural heritage monuments worldwide. The sites are nominated by governments, conservation professionals, site caretakers, non-government organizations (NGOs), concerned individuals, and others working in the field. An independent panel of international experts then select 100 candidates from these entries to be part of the Watch List, based on the significance of the sites, the urgency of the threat, and the viability of both advocacy and conservation solutions. A site’s inclusion on the Watch List attracts international ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Monuments Fund
World Monuments Fund (WMF) is a private, international, non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of historic architecture and cultural heritage sites around the world through fieldwork, advocacy, grantmaking, education, and training. Founded in 1965, WMF is headquartered in New York, and has offices and affiliates around the world, including Cambodia, France, Peru, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. In addition to hands-on management, the affiliates identify, develop, and manage projects, negotiate local partnerships, and attract local support to complement funds provided by donors. History International Fund for Monuments (1965–1984) The ''International Fund for Monuments'' (IFM) was an organization created by Colonel James A. Gray (1909–1994) after his retirement from the U.S. Army in 1960. Gray had conceived of a visionary project to arrest the settlement of the Leaning Tower of Pisa by freezing the soil underneath, and formed the organization in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghazni Province
Ghazni (Dari: ) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in southeastern Afghanistan. The province contains 19 districts, encompassing over a thousand villages and roughly 1.3 million people, making it the 5th most populous province. The city of Ghazni serves as the capital. It lies on the important Kabul–Kandahar Highway, and has historically functioned as an important trade center. The Ghazni Airport is located next to the city of Ghazni and provides limited domestic flights to Afghanistan's capital, Kabul. Ghazni borders the provinces of Maidan Wardak, Logar, Paktia, Paktika, Zabul, Uruzgan, Daykundi and Bamyan. Etymology The province was known as Ghazna in the 10th century, during and after the Ghaznavid era. History Ghazni was a thriving Buddhist center before and during the 7th century AD. Excavations have revealed religious artifacts of both Hindu and Buddhist traditions. In 644 AD, the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang visited the city of Jaguda (pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lunenburg, Nova Scotia
Lunenburg is a port town on the South Shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. Founded in 1753, the town was one of the first British attempts to settle Protestants in Nova Scotia. The economy was traditionally based on the offshore fishery and today Lunenburg is the site of Canada's largest secondary fish-processing plant. The town flourished in the late 1800s, and much of the historic architecture dates from that period. In 1995 UNESCO designated it a World Heritage Site. UNESCO considers the site the best example of planned British colonial settlement in North America, as it retains its original layout and appearance of the 1800s, including local wooden vernacular architecture. UNESCO considers the town in need of protection because the future of its traditional economic underpinnings, the Atlantic fishery, is now very uncertain. The historic core of the town is also a National Historic Site of Canada. Toponymy Lunenburg was named in 1753 after the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vidin
Vidin ( bg, Видин, ; Old Romanian: Diiu) is a port city on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Romania and Serbia, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin (since 870). An agricultural and trade centre, Vidin has a fertile hinterland renowned for its wines. Name The name is archaically spelled as ''Widdin'' in English. Old name ''Dunonia'' itself meant "fortified hill" in Celtic with the typically ''dun'' found frequently in Celtic place names. Geography Vidin is the westernmost important Bulgarian Danube port and is situated on one of the southernmost sections of the river. The New Europe Bridge, completed in 2013, connects Vidin to the Romanian town of Calafat on the opposite bank of the Danube. Previously, a ferry located from the town was in use for that purpose. History Vidin emerged at the place of an old Celtic settlement known as ''Dunonia'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olinda
Olinda () is a historic city in Pernambuco, Brazil, in the Northeast Region. It is located on the country's northeastern Atlantic Ocean coast, in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, the state capital. It has a population of 393,115 people, covers , and has a population density of 9,437 inhabitants per square kilometer. It is noted as one of the best-preserved colonial cities in Brazil, and has been inhabited since 1535. As the former capital of the Captaincy of Pernambuco during the colonial era, Olinda has many historical buildings--the center was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982--and a rich culture. The ''Carnaval'' of Olinda, a popular street party, is very similar to traditional Portuguese carnivals, with the addition of African influenced dances, reflecting the history of the Northeast. All the festivities are celebrated on the streets with no bleachers or roping, and unlike in other cities, admission is free. There are hundreds of small musical groups (sometime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vallegrande Municipality
Vallegrande Municipality is the first municipal section of the Vallegrande Province in the Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. Its capital is Vallegrande. Administrative divisions The municipality of Vallegrande is divided into sixteen cantons. * Alto Seco (cantón) * Chaco (cantón) * El Bello (cantón) * Guadalupe (cantón) * Khasa Monte (cantón) * Loma Larga (cantón) * Mankaillpa (cantón) * Masicurí (cantón) * Naranjos (cantón) * Piraymiri (cantón) * San Juan del Tucumansillo (cantón) * Santa Ana (cantón) * Santa Rosita (cantón) * Sitanos (cantón) * Temporal (cantón) * Vallegrande (cantón) Languages The predominant language in the Vallegrande Municipality is Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: ** Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Ca .... References obd.descentraliz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vallegrande
Vallegrande (''Spanish: "Big Valley"'') is a small colonial town in Bolivia, located in the Department of Santa Cruz, some 125 km (bee-line) southwest of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. It is the capital of the Vallegrande Province and Vallegrande Municipality and serves as a regionally important market town. The town was the first burial site of revolutionary Che Guevara, after his 1967 execution. History Vallegrande was founded by the Spanish in 1612 under the name ''Ciudad de Jesús y Montes Claros de los Caballeros del Vallegrande'' (Town of Jesus and Montes Claros of the knights of Vallegrande). It was intended to serve as a frontier to prevent the constant raids of the Guarani (Chiriguano) warriors that dominated the region. Many of the original inhabitants of Vallegrande were Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jews converted to Catholicism and persecuted by the inquisition in Spain and nearby La Plata and Potosi, for they were suspected to continue to secretly practice Judaism. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dampier Archipelago
The Dampier Archipelago is a group of 42 islands near the town of Dampier in the Pilbara, Western Australia. The archipelago is also made up of reefs, shoals, channels and straits and is the traditional home of five Aboriginal language groups. It was formed 7000 years ago when rising sea levels flooded what were once coastal plains. The underlying rocks are among the oldest on earth, formed in the Archaean period more than 2400 million years ago. It is named after William Dampier, an English buccaneer and explorer who visited in 1699. Dampier named one of the islands Rosemary Island. Despite being a region through which considerable shipping and industrial activity occurs, the archipelago has considerable marine resources. History Dampier Archipelago is the site of some of Australia's oldest domestic structures, estimated to be between 8000 and 9000 years old. The largest island (or peninsula) in the group was known as ''Murujuga'' by the Yaburara people. The first Brit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murujuga
Murujuga, formerly known as Dampier Island and today usually known as the Burrup Peninsula, is in the Dampier Archipelago, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, containing the town of Dampier. The Dampier Rock Art Precinct, which covers the entire archipelago, is the subject of ongoing political debate due to historical and proposed industrial development. The Murujuga National Park lies within Burrup, and contains within it the world's largest collection of ancient rock art. The region is sometimes confused with the Dampier Peninsula, to the north-east. History The traditional owners, the Indigenous people of the Burrup Peninsula, are an Aboriginal nation known as the Yaburara (Jaburara) people. In Ngayarda languages, including that of the Aboriginal people of the peninsula, the Jaburara (or Yaburara) people, ''murujuga'' meant "hip bone sticking out". Between February and May 1869 a great number of Yaburara people were killed in an incident known as the Flying ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesuit Reduction
Reductions ( es, reducciones, also called ; , pl. ) were settlements created by Spanish rulers and Roman Catholic missionaries in Spanish America and the Spanish East Indies (the Philippines). In Portuguese-speaking Latin America, such reductions were also called ''aldeias''. The Spanish and Portuguese relocated, forcibly in many cases, indigenous inhabitants (''Indians'' or ''Indios'') of their colonies into urban settlements modeled on those in Spain and Portugal. The word "reduction" can be understood wrongly as meaning "to reduce." Rather, the 1611 Spanish dictionary by Sebastián de Covarrubias defines ''reducción'' (reduction) as "to convince, persuade, or to order." The goals of reductions were to concentrate indigenous people into settled communities and to convert the Indians to Christianity and impose European culture. The concentration of the indigenous into towns facilitated the organization and exploitation of their labor. Reductions could be either religio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ross Island
Ross Island is an island formed by four volcanoes in the Ross Sea near the continent of Antarctica, off the coast of Victoria Land in McMurdo Sound. Ross Island lies within the boundaries of Ross Dependency, an area of Antarctica claimed by New Zealand. History Discovery Sir James Ross discovered it in 1840, and it was later named in honour of him by Robert F. Scott. Ross Island was the base for many of the early expeditions to Antarctica. It is the southernmost island reachable by sea. Huts built by Scott's and Shackleton's expeditions are still standing on the island, preserved as historical sites. Today Ross Island is home to New Zealand's Scott Base, and the largest Antarctic settlement, the U.S. Antarctic Program's McMurdo Station. Greenpeace established World Park Base on the island and ran it for five years, from 1987 to 1992. Geography Because of the persistent presence of the ice sheet, the island is sometimes taken to be part of the Antarctic mainland. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cape Royds
Cape Royds is a dark rock cape forming the western extremity of Ross Island, facing on McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. It was discovered by the Discovery Expedition (1901–1904) and named for Lieutenant Charles Royds, Royal Navy, who acted as meteorologist on the expedition. Royds subsequently rose to become an Admiral and was later Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, London. There is a hut at Cape Royds built and used by Ernest Shackleton and his team during their 1907–1909 expedition. Shackleton's Hut When Shackleton went into McMurdo Sound in 1908, having failed to land on King Edward VII Land, he decided to build a hut at Cape Royds, a small promontory twenty-three miles north of Hut Point where Scott had stayed during the Discovery Expedition. The whole shore party lived in this hut through the winter of 1908. When spring came stores were sledged to Hut Point, so that should the sea-ice break up early between these two places they might not be left in an awkward po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
