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2,3-Dimethylphenylpiperazine
2,3-Dimethylphenylpiperazine (2,3-DMPP; code name PAL-218) is a monoamine releasing agent and designer drug of the phenylpiperazine family. It acts as a partial serotonin–norepinephrine releasing agent (SNRA), with () values of 24 to 26nM (85%) for serotonin, 13.7 to 56nM (62%) for norepinephrine, and 1,207 to 1,320nM (66%) for dopamine (22–96-fold lower than serotonin and norepinephrine). Its possible activities at serotonin receptors were not reported. The drug was first described in the scientific literature Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical ... by 2009. See also * ''para''-Nitrophenylpiperazine (pNPP; PAL-175) * 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenylpiperazine (TFMCPP; PAL-179) References External links PAL-218 - Isomer Design Designer drugs Partial monoami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Phenylpiperazine
Substituted piperazines are a class of chemical compounds based on a piperazine core. Some are used as recreational drugs and some are used in scientific research. List of substituted piperazines Benzylpiperazines File:Benzylpiperazine.svg, 1-Benzylpiperazine (BZP) File:Methylbenzylpiperazine.svg, 1-Methyl-4-benzylpiperazine (MBZP) File:DBZP.svg, 1,4-Dibenzylpiperazine (DBZP) File:MDBZP.svg, 3,4-Methylenedioxy-1-benzylpiperazine (MDBZP) File:2C-B-BZP.svg, 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-1-benzylpiperazine (2C-B-BZP) File:Methoxypiperamide.png, Methoxypiperamide (MeOP, MEXP) ((4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone) File:Sunifiram.svg , Sunifiram (1-benzoyl-4-propanoylpiperazine) File:3-Methylbenzylpiperazine structure.png, 3-Methylbenzylpiperazine (3-MeBZP) File:Befuraline.svg, Befuraline(also produces benzylpiperazine as a metabolite) File:Fipexide.svg, Fipexide(also produces substituted benzylpiperazine as a metabolite) File:Piberaline.svg, Piberaline(also produces benzylp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partial Monoamine Releasing Agent
A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of one or more monoamine neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters and hence enhanced signaling by those neurotransmitters. The monoamine neurotransmitters include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; MRAs can induce the release of one or more of these neurotransmitters. MRAs work by reversing the direction of the monoamine transporters (MATs), including the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and/or dopamine transporter (DAT), causing them to promote efflux of non-vesicular cytoplasmic monoamine neurotransmitter rather than reuptake of synaptic monoamine neurotransmitter. Many, but not all MRAs, also reverse the direction of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), thereby additionally resulting in efflux of vesicular monoamine neurot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partial Monoamine Releaser
A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the synapse, release of one or more monoamine neurotransmitters from the synapse, presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters and hence enhanced cell signaling, signaling by those neurotransmitters. The monoamine neurotransmitters include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; MRAs can induce the release of one or more of these neurotransmitters. MRAs work by reversing the direction of the monoamine transporters (MATs), including the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and/or dopamine transporter (DAT), causing them to promote efflux (microbiology), efflux of synaptic vesicle, non-vesicular cytoplasmic monoamine neurotransmitter rather than reuptake of synapse, synaptic monoamine neurotransmitter. Many, but not all MRAs, also reverse the direction of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partial Monoamine Releasing Agents
A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of one or more monoamine neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters and hence enhanced signaling by those neurotransmitters. The monoamine neurotransmitters include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; MRAs can induce the release of one or more of these neurotransmitters. MRAs work by reversing the direction of the monoamine transporters (MATs), including the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and/or dopamine transporter (DAT), causing them to promote efflux of non-vesicular cytoplasmic monoamine neurotransmitter rather than reuptake of synaptic monoamine neurotransmitter. Many, but not all MRAs, also reverse the direction of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), thereby additionally resulting in efflux of vesicular monoamine neurot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Designer Drugs
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Designer drugs include psychoactive substances that have been designated by the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand, as new psychoactive substances (NPS) as well as analogs of performance-enhancing drugs such as designer steroids. Some of these designer drugs were originally synthesized by academic or industrial researchers in an effort to discover more potent derivatives with fewer side effects and shorter duration (and possibly also because it is easier to apply for patents for new molecules) and were later co-opted for recreational use. Other designer drugs were prepared for the first time in clandestine laboratories. Because the efficacy and safety of these substances have not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenylpiperazine
3-Trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenylpiperazine (TFMCPP; code name PAL-179), or ''meta''-trifluoromethyl-''para''-chlorophenylpiperazine, is a monoamine releasing agent of the phenylpiperazine family. It acts specifically as a selective partial serotonin releasing agent, with an of 33nM and an of 66%. The drug was inactive as a releasing agent of dopamine or norepinephrine ( >10,000nM). Its possible activity at serotonin receptors was not reported. TFMCPP was first described in the scientific literature Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical ... by 2012. See also * ''para''-Nitrophenylpiperazine (pNPP; PAL-175) References External links PAL-179 - Isomer Design {{DEFAULTSORT:Trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenylpiperazine, 3- Chlorobenzene compounds Designer drugs Part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical, L-DOPA, which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys. Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain, and many addictive drugs increase dopamine release or block its reuptake into neurons following release. Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controllin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Literature
Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical contributions. These papers serve as essential sources of knowledge and are commonly referred to simply as "the literature" within specific research fields. The process of academic publishing involves disseminating research findings to a wider audience. Researchers submit their work to reputable journals or conferences, where it undergoes rigorous evaluation by experts in the field. This evaluation, known as peer review, ensures the quality, validity, and reliability of the research before it becomes part of the scientific literature. Peer-reviewed publications contribute significantly to advancing our understanding of the world and shaping future research endeavors. Original scientific research first published in scientific journals co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin Receptor
5-HT receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in multiple tissues including the central and peripheral nervous systems. They mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. The serotonin (i.e., 5-hydroxytryptamine, hence "5-HT") receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin, which acts as their natural ligand. The serotonin receptors modulate the release of many neurotransmitters, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine / norepinephrine, and acetylcholine, as well as many hormones, including oxytocin, prolactin, vasopressin, cortisol, corticotropin, and substance P, among others. Serotonin receptors influence various biological and neurological processes such as aggression, anxiety, appetite, cognition, learning, memory, mood, nausea, sleep, and thermoregulation. They are the target of a variety of pharmaceutical and recreational drugs, inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
