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1st Air Corps (Romania)
''Corpul 1 Aerian'' (1st Air Corps), was formed on 1 January 1943 from ''Gruparea Aerienă de Luptă'' (Air Combat Group - GAL). It was the only large Romanian air unit on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front. After Romania changed sides in August 1944, the 1st Air Corps provided air support to the Romanian and Soviet armies in Transylvania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. History Gruparea Aerienă de Luptă ''Gruparea Aerienă de Luptă'' (GAL), was constituted in mid-June 1941 as the main Royal Romanian Air Force (ARR) unit to participate in the upcoming Operation Barbarossa. Subordinated to the GAL were the 1st Fighter Flotilla with the 5th and 7th Fighter Groups, 2nd Fighter Flotilla with the 8th Fighter Group, as well as the 1st Bombardment Flotilla with the 1st, 4th, and 5th Groups, the 2nd Bombardment Flotilla with the 2nd and 6th Groups, and the 2nd Guard Aviation Flotilla with the 1st and 2nd Guard Groups. During the campaign, it operated around 253 combat aircraft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emanoil Ionescu
Emanoil Ionescu (17 March 1893 – 13 July 1949) was a Romanian General during World War II and commander of the Royal Romanian Air Force's between September 1943 and March 1945. Biography Early life and military career Emanoil Ionescu, nicknamed "Pipițu" by friends and fellow aviators for the way he scolded them, was born on 17 March 1893 in Tămpeni, now Movileni, Olt, Movileni, Olt County. After attending the primary school in his native village, he enrolled at the Boys' Normal School in Craiova, where he graduated from in 1911 allowing him to work as a teacher in Tămpeni. While in Craiova, he attended an air show at the Craiova Hippodrome, becoming fascinated by aviation. On 1 June 1915, he joined the Infantry and Reserve Officers Military Training School as a first step towards the Aviator Officer School. He graduated three months later with the rank of ''Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia, Plutonier'', being assigned to the 43rd Infantry Regiment. He was soon promot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army (in countries without the rank of Generalissimo), and as such, few persons are ever appointed to it. It is considered as a five-star rank (OF-10) in modern-day armed forces in many countries. Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a Division (military), divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank. Examples of the different uses of the rank include Afghanistan, Austria-Hungary, India, Pakistan, Prussia/Germany and Sri Lanka for an extraordinary achievement; Spain and Mexico for a divisional command (); and France, Portugal and Brazil for a brigade command (, ). Origins The origin of the term dates to the early Middle Ages, originally meaning the keeper of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novocherkassk
Novocherkassk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located near the confluence of the Tuzlov and Aksay Rivers, the latter a distributary of the Don (river), Don River. Novocherkassk is best known as the cultural capital of the Cossacks, and as the official capital of the Don Cossacks. Population: History Imperial era Foundation Although the first settlement in the region was founded by Temryuk of Kabardia, Temroqwa Idar,Khasht, Ali. ''Circassian Prince Temroqwa Idar.'' the city of Novocherkassk was founded in 1805 by Lieutenant-general Matvei Platov, the Ataman of the Don Cossacks, as the administrative center of the Don Host Oblast. It was established in reaction to the original administrative center, the ''stanitsa'' of Starocherkasskaya, Cherkassk, being deemed unsuitable as the capital for the Don Cossacks for several reasons. Cherkassk was repeatedly flooded for long periods of time due to its low-lying location on the banks of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad ; see . rus, links=on, Сталинградская битва, r=Stalingradskaya bitva, p=stəlʲɪnˈɡratskəjə ˈbʲitvə. (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad (now known as Volgograd) in southern Russia. The battle was characterized by fierce close-quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in aerial raids; the battle epitomized urban warfare, being the single largest and costliest urban battle in military history. It was the bloodiest and fiercest battle of the entirety of World War II—and arguably in all of human history—as both sides suffered tremendous casualties amidst ferocious fighting in and around the city. The battle is commonly regarded as the turning point in the European theatre of World War II, as Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Army (Romania)
The 3rd Army (Armata a 3-a Română) was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s. It fought as part of the Germany, German Army Group B during World War II, in Ukraine, the Crimean campaign, Crimea, and the Battle of the Caucasus, Caucasus. General Petre Dumitrescu commanded the 3rd Army for much of that time. The 3rd Army contained the only Romanian divisions trained by the Germans, and as a result, it was a significantly better fighting force than the fellow Fourth Army (Romania), 4th Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. World War I After Kingdom of Romania, Romania entered World War I in August 1916 on the side of the Allies of World War I, Allies, the Third Army defended the border with Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, while the rest of the Romanian Army engaged in the Battle of Transylvania. When a Bulgarian-German army under August von Mackensen invaded Romania in September 1916, the Third Army made attempts to withstand the enem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 6th Army () was a field army of the German Army during World War II. It is widely known for its defeat by and subsequent surrender to the Red Army at the Battle of Stalingrad on 2 February 1943. It committed war crimes at Babi Yar while under the command of Field Marshal Walther von Reichenau during Operation Barbarossa. The 6th Army was reformed in March 1943, and participated in fighting in Ukraine and later Romania, before being almost completely destroyed in the Second Jassy-Kishinev Offensive in August 1944. Following this it would fight in Hungary, attempting to relieve Budapest, and subsequently retreating into Austria in the Spring of 1945. 6th Army surrendered to US Army forces on 9 May 1945. Western campaigns The 6th Army was formed on 10 October 1939 with General Walther von Reichenau in command through the redesignation of the 10th Army that had fought during the Invasion of Poland. During the invasion of the Low Countries the 6th Army saw active service ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morozovsk
Morozovsk () is a town and the administrative center of Morozovsky District in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the Bystraya River (left tributary of the Seversky Donets), northeast of Rostov-on-Don, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History The ''khutor'' of Morozov () was founded in the 1880s. In 1900, Morozovskaya railway station, named after it, was opened nearby. In 1910, the ''stanitsa'' of Taubeyevskaya () was established near the railway station. It was renamed Morozovskaya on April 24, 1917. Later, these two rural localities grew and merged, and the resulting settlement was granted town status in 1941. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Morozovsk serves as the administrative center of Morozovsky District.Law #340-ZS As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Morozovsky District as Morozovskoye Urban Settlement. As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatsinskaya Airfield
The Tatsinskaya Airfield was the main airfield used by the German Wehrmacht during the Battle of Stalingrad to supply the encircled 6th Army from outside. Overview The Tatsinskaya Airfield, 260 km west of Stalingrad, became the most important airfield for the supply of the trapped 6th Army in Stalingrad after all land connections were severed after 24 November 1942, when the airlift began. From Tatsinskaya, a Junkers Ju 52 plane would take approx. 1¼ hour to reach Stalingrad, from where it would return after a 3½ hour turnaround, theoretically making it possible to complete a mission in six hours. Tatsinskaya served as the main base for the Ju 52 transport planes, while Morozovskaya was mainly used by the Heinkel He 111 bombers, which were converted to transport planes. The airfield was under threat of being taken by the Soviet Red Army but Hermann Göring forbade its evacuation, despite request from Major General Fiebig, who was in charge of the air supply for St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalingrad
Volgograd,. geographical renaming, formerly Tsaritsyn. (1589–1925) and Stalingrad. (1925–1961), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The city lies on the western bank of the Volga, covering an area of , with a population of slightly over one million residents. Volgograd is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, 16th-largest city by population size in Russia, the third-largest city of the Southern Federal District, and the Volga#Biggest cities on the shores of the Volga, fourth-largest city on the Volga. The city was founded as the fortress of ''Tsaritsyn'' in 1589. By the 19th century, Tsaritsyn had become an important river-port and commercial centre, leading to its rapid population growth. In November 1917, at the start of the Russian Civil War, Tsaritsyn came under Bolshevik control. It fell briefly to the White Army in mid-1919 but Battle of Tsaritsyn, returned to Bolshevik control in January 1920. In 1925, the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grupul 9 Vânătoare
''Grupul 9 Vânătoare'' ("9th Fighter Group" in English) was a Royal Romanian Air Force (ARR) fighter group established on 19 April 1942. It participated in battles on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front and defended the country against Western Allied bombing raids in 1944. Under the command of Captain Constantin Cantacuzino (aviator), Constantin Cantacuzino, the group fought against the Luftwaffe after 23 August 1944, ending the war in Czechoslovakia in 1945. History Eastern Front The 9th Fighter Group was established on 19 April 1942 at Pipera Airport, Pipera as part of ''Flotila 1 Vânătoare'' (1st Fighter Flotilla). The group was commanded by Lieutenant Commander Gheorghe Borcescu and consisted of the 47th Fighter Squadron and the 48th Fighter Squadron (Romania), 48th Fighter Squadron and operated IAR 80 fighters. In August 1942, a third squadron, the 52nd Fighter Squadron, was added to the group. The group started training on the Heinkel He 112, He 112B fighter i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grupul 6 Vânătoare
''Grupul 6 Vânătoare'' ("6th Fighter Group" in English) was a fighter group of the Royal Romanian Air Force (ARR) formed on 7 June 1940. The group participated in the Romania in World War II, World War 2 campaign of Romania on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front and in the defense of the country against the Western Allied bombing raids. The group was disbanded in October 1944 as its pilots were transferred to ''Grupul 1 Vânătoare'' after converting to the Bf 109 from the IAR 81. History The 6th Fighter Group was established on 7 June 1940, consisting of the 62nd and 63rd fighter squadrons and equipped with the PZL P.24E fighters. It was assigned to the 2nd Fighter Flotilla. In June 1941, the 6th Group was assigned to the 3rd Air Region and based on the Pipera Airport, Pipera airfield. In the starting days of Operation Barbarossa, it flew mainly interception missions against Soviet Air Forces, Soviet bombers attacking Ploiești and Bucharest. As its presence was no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
