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1992 Liechtenstein Referendums
Five referendums were held in Liechtenstein during 1992.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1176 The first was held on 15 March on whether referendums should be introduced to approve international treaties, and was approved by 71.4% of voters. The second on 28 June concerned lowering the voting age from 20 to 18, but was rejected by 56.3% of voters. Two referendums were held on 8 November on abolishing the 8% electoral threshold and adding a clause to the Constitution of Liechtenstein, constitution banning discrimination, both of which were rejected. The fifth and final referendum on 13 December was on joining the European Economic Area. It was approved by 55.8% of voters, with a voter turnout of 87%. Despite the vote in favour, when the EEA subsequently came into existence in 1994, Liechtenstein did not join until after a 1995 Liechtenstein European Economic Area membership referendum, second referendum in 1995. Results Treaty referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein (, ; ; ), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein ( ), is a Landlocked country#Doubly landlocked, doubly landlocked Swiss Standard German, German-speaking microstate in the Central European Alps, between Austria in the east and north and Switzerland in the west and south. Liechtenstein is a semi-constitutional monarchy headed by the prince of Liechtenstein of the House of Liechtenstein, currently led by Hans-Adam II. It is List of European countries by area, Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over and a population of 40,023. It is the world's smallest country to border two countries, and is one of the few countries with no debt. Liechtenstein is divided into Municipalities of Liechtenstein, 11 municipalities. Its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is a member of the United Nations, the European Free Trade Association, and the Council of Europe. It is not a member state of the European Union, but it participates i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, nonprofit organizations and inf ...s and political development, he has published several books. Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'' (1999 with Michael Krennerich and Bernhard Thibaut) *''Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook'' (2001 with and Christof Hartmann) ** ''Volume 2: South East Asia, East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voting Age
A legal voting age is the minimum age that a person is allowed to Voting, vote in a democracy, democratic process. For General election, general elections around the world, the right to vote is restricted to adults, and most nations use 18 years of age as their voting age, but for other countries their voting age ranges between 16 and 21 (with the sole exception of the United Arab Emirates where the voting age is 25). A nation's voting age may therefore coincide with the country's age of majority, but in many cases the two are not tied. History In 1890, the South African Republic, commonly known as the Transvaal Republic, set a voting age of 18 years. The effort was, like later legislation expanding voting rights Women's Enfranchisement Act, 1930, for women and Franchise Laws Amendment Act, 1931, impoverished whites, in part an attempt to skew the electorate further in favor of Afrikaner interests against uitlanders. Prior to the Second World War of 1939–1945, the voting ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of votes that a candidate or political party requires before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways; for example, in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In single transferable voting, the election threshold is called the quota, and it is possible to achieve it by receiving first-choice votes alone or by a combination of first-choice votes and votes transferred from other candidates based on lower preferences. In mixed-member-proportional (MMP) systems, the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for top-up seats in the legislative chamber. Some MMP systems still allow a party to retain the seats the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Liechtenstein
The Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein () was promulgated on 5 October 1921, replacing the 1862 constitution. It was granted by Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein, and established the rule of partial parliamentary democracy mixed with that of constitutional monarchy, as well as providing for referendums on decisions of the Landtag. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1156 It also abolished the three seats in the Landtag appointed by the Prince and lowered the voting age from 24 to 21. The country replaced universal male suffrage with universal suffrage, following a national referendum in 1984. Background Following the November 1918 Liechtenstein putsch, which had greatly undermined the 1862 constitution and in combination with the economic devastation created from World War I, it had created a large and significant basis of support for constitutional revision in the country. Primarily formed around the ideas of Wilhe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Economic Area
The European Economic Area (EEA) was established via the ''Agreement on the European Economic Area'', an international agreement which enables the extension of the European Union's single market to member states of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The EEA links the EU member states and three of the four EFTA states (Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway) into an internal market governed by the same EU laws. These rules aim to enable free movement of persons, goods, services, and capital within the European single market, including the freedom to choose residence in any country within this area. The EEA was established on 1 January 1994 upon entry into force of the EEA Agreement. The contracting parties are the EU, its member states, and Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. New members of EFTA would not automatically become party to the EEA Agreement, as each EFTA State decides on its own whether it applies to be party to the EEA Agreement or not. According to Article 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doylestown Intelligencer
''The Intelligencer'' is a daily (except Saturday) morning broadsheet newspaper published in Langhorne, Pennsylvania. The newspaper serves central and northern Bucks County as well as adjacent areas of eastern Montgomery County. It is owned by Gannett. History The newspaper started in 1804 as the ''Pennsylvania Correspondent and Farmers' Advertiser'', a weekly newspaper in Doylestown. In 1876, the ''Bucks County Intelligencer'' moved to an ornate building at 10 E. Court St. in Doylestown, where it was located until 1973. In 1886, the newspaper became a daily, which called itself ''The Doylestown Daily Intelligencer''. In 1973, ''The Daily Intelligencer'' moved its headquarters to 333 N. Broad St. in Doylestown, and dropped the "Daily" part of its name in the 1990s. Up until the 1970s, it published as an afternoon newspaper Monday through Saturday. It dropped the Saturday edition for a short time in the late 1970s when it added a Sunday morning edition. It also published a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medicine Hat News
The ''Medicine Hat News'' is a daily newspaper published in Medicine Hat, Alberta. It features a city news section, a national news section, a world news section, a sports section, a comics section, and a classifieds section. The paper is owned by Alta Newspaper Group, which also owns the daily '' Lethbridge Herald'' and several weekly newspapers covering nearby rural communities. It has been published since 1885. On Oct. 29, 1885, the first issue of the forerunner to the Medicine Hat News, the Times, was run off a tiny hand press. It's not conclusive, but a number of people are pretty sure that a boxcar embedded in a building at 525 North Railway St. is the site of the first building. Thanks to the entrepreneurial spirit of two Ontarions, teacher Thomas Braden and printer Andrew Armour, Medicine Hat was home to a newspaper, a community booster, a voice for southeastern Alberta and a publication that residents of the area still turn to 125 years later to find out what's happenin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alberta
Alberta is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Canada. It is a part of Western Canada and is one of the three Canadian Prairies, prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to its west, Saskatchewan to its east, the Northwest Territories to its north, and the U.S. state of Montana to its south. Alberta and Saskatchewan are the only two landlocked Canadian provinces. The eastern part of the province is occupied by the Great Plains, while the western part borders the Rocky Mountains. The province has a predominantly humid continental climate, continental climate, but seasonal temperatures tend to swing rapidly because it is so arid. Those swings are less pronounced in western Alberta because of its occasional Chinook winds. Alberta is the fourth largest province by area, at , and the fourth most populous, with 4,262,635 residents. Alberta's capital is Edmonton; its largest city is Calgary. The two cities are Alberta's largest Census geographic units ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1995 Liechtenstein European Economic Area Membership Referendum
A second referendum on membership of the European Economic Area was held in Liechtenstein on 9 April 1995.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1176 Although a previous referendum in 1992 had seen the majority of votes (55.8% with a voter turnout of 87%) in favour, the country had not joined the EEA on its formation in 1994. The result of the second referendum, which also included a treaty with neighbouring Switzerland, was 56% in favour of membership, with voter turnout at 82%. Liechtenstein subsequently joined the EEA in May. Results References {{Liechtenstein elections Liechtenstein European Referendums in Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (, ; ; ), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein ( ), is a Landlocked country#Doubly landlocked, doubly landlocked Swiss Standard German, German-speaking microstate in the Central European Alps, between Austria in the east ... Premiership of Mario Frick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 Liechtenstein Constitutional Crisis
The 1992 Liechtenstein constitutional crisis culminated on 28 October 1992 when Hans-Adam II called for a referendum regarding Liechtenstein's accession to the European Economic Area to be held before the corresponding referendum in Switzerland, against the countries' custom union and the wishes of the government and the Landtag of Liechtenstein. Background Switzerland and Liechtenstein formed a customs union in 1924. According to the 1923 customs agreement, Switzerland represents Liechtenstein where it does not already have representation, and accession to international treaties or organisations that Switzerland is not a member of requires both countries to reach a bilateral agreement. On 6 December 1992 a referendum was to be held in Switzerland on a federal resolution on the accession to the European Economic Area (EEA). In correspondence with the customs union, a similar referendum was to be held in Liechtenstein at a similar time. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 Referendums
Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 ''Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene. * Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls. * Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison. China * Battle of Yijing: Chinese warlord Yuan Shao defeats Gongsun Zan. Korea * Geodeung succeeds Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date). By topic Religion * Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I, as the 15th pope. Births Valerian Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
