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1990 Georgian Supreme Soviet Election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Georgian SSR on 28 October 1990, with a second round on 11 November. They were the first free parliamentary elections in Georgia since 1919 and saw Round Table-Free Georgia emerge as the largest party in Parliament with 155 of the 250 seats. Voter turnout was 70%. Round Table-Free Georgia MP Zviad Gamsakhurdia was subsequently elected by the Congress as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council on 14 November, effectively becoming the leader of Georgia. The elections were the first in the Soviet Union in which the opposition groups were registered as formal political parties. On 9 April 1991, the newly-elected Georgian legislature issued a declaration of Georgian independence from the USSR. Electoral system On 18 August 1990 a new electoral law was passed providing for the election of the legislature consisting of 250 members, 125 elected by proportional representation and 125 from single-member districts using the two-round sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1985 Georgian Supreme Soviet Election
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a new agreement on fishing rights. * January 7 – Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency launches ''Sakigake'', Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft and the first deep space probe to be launched by any country other than the United States or the Soviet Union. * January 15 – Tancredo Neves is elected president of Brazil by the Congress, ending the 21-year military rule. * January 27 – The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is formed, in Tehran. * January 28 – The charity single record "We Are the World" is recorded by USA for Africa. February * February 4 – The border between Gibraltar and Spain reopens for the first time since Francisco Franco closed it in 1969. * February 5 – Australia cancels its involvement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In The Soviet Union
The electoral system of the Soviet Union was varying over time, being based upon Chapter XIII of the provisional Fundamental Law of 1922, articles 9 and 10 of the 1924 Constitution and Chapter XI of the 1936 Constitution, with the electoral laws enacted in conformity with those. The Constitution and laws applied to elections in all Soviets, from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the Union republics and autonomous republics, through to regions, districts and towns. Voting was claimed to be secret and direct with universal suffrage. However, in practice, between 1936 and 1989, voters could vote against candidates preselected by the Communist Party only by spoiling their ballots, or by voting against the only candidate, whereas votes for the party candidates could be cast simply by submitting a blank ballot. A person would be given a ballot by a clerk, and could immediately walk to the ballot box, and while there were booths in which one could strike the candidates the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October 1990 In The Soviet Union
October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôctō'' meaning "eight") after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In Ancient Rome, one of three Mundus patet would take place on October 5, Meditrinalia October 11, Augustalia on October 12, October Horse on October 15, and Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the Anglo-Saxons, it was known as Winterfylleth (Ƿinterfylleþ), because at this full moon, winter was supposed to begin. October is commonly associated with the season of autumn in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and spring in parts of the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalent to April in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. Symbols October's birthstones are the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1990 Soviet Union Regional Elections
In 1990, elections in the Soviet Union, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia and the Supreme Soviets of 14 other republics of the Soviet Union. Background The proposal to create a "two-story" system for the formation of the legislative branch (with a directly-elected Congress of People's Deputies and a Supreme Soviet elected by the Congress of People's Deputies) in the USSR and its constituent and autonomous republics was put forward by Mikhail Gorbachev at the 19th All-Union Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 19th Conference of the Communist Party in summer of 1988. On 1 December, the corresponding changes were made to the 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union, Constitution of the USSR. Most of the republics except for Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russia and its autonomous region of Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Dagestan ignored this requirement of the Union Constitution. Under the constitutional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary Elections In Georgia (country)
In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. The term is similar to the idea of a senate, synod or congress and is commonly used in countries that are current or former monarchies. Some contexts restrict the use of the word ''parliament'' to parliamentary systems, although it is also used to describe the legislature in some presidential systems (e.g., the Parliament of Ghana), even where it is not in the official name. Historically, parliaments included various kinds of deliberative, consultative, and judicial assemblies. What is considered to be the first modern parliament, was the Cortes of León, held in the Kingdom of León in 1188. According to the UNESCO, the Decreta of Leon of 1188 is the oldest documentary manifestation of the European parliamentary system. In addition, UNESCO ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1990 In Georgia (country)
Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 ''Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene. * Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls. * Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison. China * Battle of Yijing: Chinese warlord Yuan Shao defeats Gongsun Zan. Korea * Geodeung succeeds Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date). By topic Religion * Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I, as the 15th pope. Births Valerian Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Front (Georgia)
People's Front is a political organization in the Republic of Georgia. This party was founded in 1989, in Tbilisi. Chairman of the organization is a noted Georgian scholar, Professor Nodar Natadze Nodar Natadze ( ka, ნოდარ ნათაძე; 27 May 1929 – 13 November 2022) was a Georgian literary critic, linguist, and politician, best known as the continuous leader of Popular Front – one of the oldest political groups founded .... 1989 establishments in Georgia (country) National liberation movements Political parties in Georgia (country) Political parties in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic Pro-independence parties in the Soviet Union {{Georgia-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Georgia (Soviet Union)
The Communist Party of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს კომუნისტური პარტია, tr; ) was the founding and ruling political party of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. Georgia was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic after 25 February 1921 when the Red Army entered its capital Tbilisi and installed a communist government led by Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze. In 1922, the Georgian SSR was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic which lasted until 1936. During its period as a Soviet Socialist Republic it was ruled by the First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party including; Samson Mamulia, Lavrentiy Beria, Candide Charkviani, Vasil Mzhavanadze and Eduard Shevardnadze. On August 26, 1991, by the decision of the Georgian parliament, the Communist Party was banned. Its political descendant is the Communist Party of Georgia which was formed in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Round Table—Free Georgia
Round Table—Free Georgia ( ka, მრგვალი მაგიდა — თავისუფალი საქართველო, tr) was an alliance of Georgian political parties led by Zviad Gamsakhurdia. It played a decisive role in the restoration of independence of Georgia and was a governing coalition from 1990 until 1992. History The alliance traces its origins to the Georgian independence movement of the 1980s. On 11–13 March 1990, several pro-independence Georgian political organizations held conference in Tbilisi to elect a coordinating body for their activities - National Forum. However, soon they split, and in May 1990, organizations supporting dissident Zviad Gamsakhurdia established Round Table—Free Georgia alliance, calling for a peaceful transition to independence through participation in the official elections for the Supreme Council, the legislative body in the Soviet Georgia. Meanwhile, other organizations opted to set their own elections for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Election Administration Of Georgia
The Election Administration of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს საარჩევნო ადმინისტრაცია, tr; SSA) is a permanent independent non-partisan body responsible for organizing national elections and referendums in Georgia in accordance with the Constitution of Georgia and the Electoral Code of Georgia. Structure The Election Administration of Georgia consists of the Central Election Commission, the Supreme Election Commission of Adjara, and the District and Precinct Election Commissions. * The Central Election Commission (CEC, Georgian: ცენტრალური საარჩევნო კომისია, ცესკო), the supreme body of the Administration, which manages and controls all levels of election commissions. The CEC has 13 members, including a Chairperson, who serve for a five-year term. Five members are elected by the Parliament of Georgia on the recommendation of the President of Georgia, while th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-round System
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who has support of the majority of voters. The two-round system involves one or two rounds of choose-one voting, where the voter marks a single favorite candidate in each round. If no one has a majority of votes in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes in the first round move on to a second election (a second round of voting). The two-round system is in the family of plurality voting systems that also includes single-round plurality (FPP). Like instant-runoff (ranked-choice) voting and first past the post, it elects one winner. The two-round system first emerged in France and has since become the most common single-winner electoral system worldwide. Despite this, runoff-based rules like the two-round system and RCV have faced criticism from social choice theorists as a result of their suscep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single-member District
A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a multi-member district, which is represented by multiple officeholders. In some countries, such as Australia and India, members of the lower house of parliament are elected from single-member districts, while members of the upper house are elected from multi-member districts. In some other countries, such as Singapore, members of parliament can be elected from either single-member or multi-member districts. History in the United States The United States Constitution, ratified in 1789, states: "The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States...Representatives...shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers." In other words, the Constitution specifies that each state will be apportioned a number of representa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
