|
1985 Greek Presidential Election
The 1985 Greek presidential election was an indirect election for the position of President of the Hellenic Republic and was held by the Hellenic Parliament in March 1985. The election became central part of the first constitutional crisis of the Third Hellenic Republic triggered by the Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou, who suddenly declared not to support Constantine Karamanlis for a second term as President of the Republic, and instead backed Christos Sartzetakis, a Supreme Court of Greece judge popular to Left voters. Papandreou's choice was controversial because it was accompanied by proposals for constitutional reforms designed to further increase the power of his position by reducing the presidential powers, which were acting as checks and balances against the powerful executive branch. Moreover, the election was conducted under a tense and confrontational atmosphere due to Papandreou's constitutionally dubious tactics. The opposition, New Democracy led by Constantine M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christos Sartzetakis
Christos Sartzetakis (; 6 April 1929 – 3 February 2022) was a Greek jurist and a supreme justice of the Court of Cassation, who served as the president of Greece from 1985 to 1990. Early life and education Sartzetakis was born in Neapoli, Thessaloniki, on 6 April 1929. His father, who served as a Gendarmerie officer in Thessaloniki, was a Cretan born in Kandanos, Chania, and his mother was a Greek Macedonian born in Sklithro, Florina. He obtained a degree in law from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Legal career Sartzetakis entered the judicial career in 1955, became Justice of the Peace at Kleisoura, Kastoria, and in 1963, served as judge of the Court of First Instance of Thessaloniki. Assassination of Grigoris Lambrakis and imprisonment by junta On 27 May 1963, the left-wing Member of Parliament Grigoris Lambrakis died four days after being beaten. Sartzetakis was called by the attorney of the Greek Supreme Court Constantine Kollias to proceed with the inves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1985 Greek Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 2 June 1985. The ruling PASOK of Andreas Papandreou, was re-elected, defeating the liberal conservative New Democracy party of Constantine Mitsotakis (Mitsotakis succeeded Evangelos Averoff as ND leader in 1984). The election campaign was polarised by the constitutional crisis. Results References {{Greek elections Parliamentary elections in Greece Greece Parliamentary 1980s in Greek politics Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ... Andreas Papandreou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secret Ballot
The secret ballot, also known as the Australian ballot, is a voting method in which a voter's identity in an election or a referendum is anonymous. This forestalls attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vote buying. This system is one means of achieving the goal of political privacy. Secret ballots are used in conjunction with various voting systems. The most basic form of a secret ballot uses paper ballots upon which each voter marks their choices. Without revealing the votes, the voter folds the ballot paper in half and places it in a sealed box. This box is later emptied for counting. An aspect of secret voting is the provision of a voting booth to enable the voter to write on the ballot paper without others being able to see what is being written. Today, printed ballot papers are usually provided, with the names of the candidates or questions and respective check boxes. Provisions are made at the polling place for the voters to record the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ballot Box
A ballot box is a temporarily sealed container, usually a square box though sometimes a tamper resistant bag, with a narrow slot in the top sufficient to accept a ballot paper in an election but which prevents anyone from accessing the votes cast until the close of the voting period. A ballot drop box allows voters who have received a ballot by mail to submit it for counting in a self-service fashion. In the United States, ballot boxes are usually sealed after the end of polling, and transported to vote-counting centers. History In the Roman Republic, each voter initially gave his vote orally to an official who made a note of it on an official tablet, but later in the Republic, the secret ballot was introduced, and the voter recorded his vote with a stylus on a wax-covered boxwood tablet, then dropped the completed ballot in the ''sitella'' or ''urna'' (voting urn), sometimes also called '' cista''. Paper ballots were used in Rome to some extent as early as 139 BCE. In ancient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agamemnon Koutsogiorgas
Agamemnon Koutsogiorgas (; 1922 – 18 April 1991), commonly known as Menios Koutsogiorgas (Μένιος Κουτσόγιωργας), was a Greek lawyer, police officer and politician. As a close associate of Andreas Papandreou, the founder and leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), Koutsogiorgas emerged as one of the most powerful cabinet members during PASOK's 1981–1989 government and was widely regarded as Papandreou's heir apparent. Embroiled in the Koskotas scandal, however, he was brought before a Special Tribunal. During the procedure, he collapsed in the courtroom on 11 April 1991 and died a week later. Early life and professional career Koutsogiorgas was born in May 1922 in the village of Rodini in Achaea. During the Axis Occupation of Greece in the Second World War, Koutsogiorgas was active in the '' Omiros'' resistance group, and was arrested and imprisoned by the Italian occupation authorities. He studied at the Law School of the University of Athens, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Greece
The Communist Party of Greece (, ΚΚΕ; ''Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas'', KKE) is a Marxist–Leninist political party in Greece. It was founded in 1918 as the Socialist Workers' Party of Greece (SEKE) and adopted its current name in November 1924. It is the oldest political party in modern Greek politics. The party was banned in 1936, but played a significant role in the Greek resistance and the Greek Civil War, and its membership peaked in the mid-1940s. Legalization of the KKE was restored following the fall of the Greek Junta (χούντα) in 1974. The party has achieved appointing MPs in all elections since its restoration in 1974, and took part in a coalition government in 1989 when it got more than 13% of the vote. The KKE is a member of the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP) and the European Communist Action (ECA). History Foundation The October Revolution of the Bolsheviks in Russia in 1917 gave impetus for the foundatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acting (law)
In law, a person is acting in a position if they are not serving in the position on a permanent basis. This may be the case if the position has not yet been formally created, the person is only occupying the position on an interim basis, the person does not have a mandate, or if the person meant to execute the role is incompetent or incapacitated. Business Organizations are advised to have a succession plan including the designation of an acting CEO if the person in that job vacates that position before a replacement has been determined. For example, the lead director on the board of directors may be designated to assume the responsibilities of the CEO until the board finds a new CEO. Politics Examples of acting positions in politics include acting mayor, acting governor, acting president, and acting prime minister. Officials in an acting position sometimes do not have the full powers of a properly appointed official, and are often the proper official's deputy or longest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioannis Alevras
Ioannis Alevras (; 1912 – 6 April 1995), sometimes spelled Yannis Alevras, was a Greek Panhellenic Socialist Movement politician and Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament, who served as acting President of Greece in March 1985. Syndicalist Before becoming a politician, Alevras was employed at the Bank of Greece. He was a prominent syndicalist and a key figure in the foundation of OTOE (Federation of Bank Employee Organizations of Greece) in 1955. OTOE united all relevant trade unions along the lines of craft unionism with Alevras at its head for several years. Center Union MP Alevras was first elected to Parliament as a candidate of the Center Union in the 1963 Greek legislative election. His party won the elections in a narrow victory (138 seats out of 300, with the National Radical Union having 132) and party leader George Papandreou became Prime Minister of Greece on 8 November 1963. Because no party had the absolute majority in the Parliament, Papandreou carried out the 1964 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speaker Of The Hellenic Parliament
The President of the Hellenic Parliament is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Greece. The president's term coincides with the term of the assembly,and is chosen by a vote during the opening session, after each legislative election. Following is a list of speakers of the Hellenic Parliament or other national legislative bodies such as the Greek Senate, from the time of the Greek War of Independence till present. The official order of precedence ranks the speaker of the Hellenic Parliament in the 3rd position, after the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister. The incumbent President is Nikitas Kaklamanis of New Democracy. Constitutional powers According to the Constitution of Greece, in the event of a temporary absence of the president of the Hellenic Republic on account of illness, travel abroad or similar circumstances, the speaker of the parliament serves as acting president, and exercises the powers of the state president until the president resumes h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vassilis Vassilikos
Vassilis Vassilikos (; 18 November 1933 – 30 November 2023) was a Greek writer and diplomat. According to UNESCO data, he is the 9th-most translated Modern Greek author. Biography Vassilis Vassilikos was born in Kavala on 18 November 1933. He grew up in Thessaloniki, where he then graduated from school. Afterwards, he studied television directing at Yale University's Drama School and moved to Athens to work as a journalist. Because of his political activities, he was forced into exile for seven years following the coup of 1967. He continued to live and work abroad until his permanent return to Greece in 1994. From 1981 to 1984, Vassilikos served as the deputy director of the Greek state television channel ERT. From 1996 to 2004, he served as Greece's ambassador to UNESCO. Vassilikos was married twice. His first marriage was with a woman named Mimi, with whom he founded a publishing house. They later divorced because she became a nun. In 1983, he married a lyrical singe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Z (1969 Film)
''Z'' is a 1969 political thriller film directed by Costa-Gavras, from a screenplay he co-wrote with Jorge Semprún, adapted from the 1967 novel by Vassilis Vassilikos. The film presents a thinly fictionalized account of the events surrounding the assassination of democratic Greek politician Grigoris Lambrakis in 1963. With its dark view of Greek politics and its downbeat ending, the film captures the director's outrage about the junta that then ruled Greece. The title refers to a popular Greek protest slogan (, ) meaning "he lives," in reference to Lambrakis. A French and Algerian co-production, the film stars Jean-Louis Trintignant as the investigating magistrate, an analogue of Christos Sartzetakis, who would become the President of Greece from 1985 to 1990. International stars Yves Montand and Irene Papas also appear, but despite their star billing, they have very little screen time. Jacques Perrin, who also produced the film, plays a key role as a photojournal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costas Gavras
Konstantinos "Kostas" Gavras (; born 12 February 1933), known professionally as Costa-Gavras, is a Greek-French film director, screenwriter, and producer who lives and works in France. He is known for political films, such as the political thriller '' Z'' (1969), which won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and ''Missing'' (1982), for which he won the Palme d'Or and an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Most of his films have been made in French, but six have been in English, including '' Hanna K.''. Early life Costa-Gavras was born in Loutra Iraias, Arcadia. His family spent the Second World War in a village in the Peloponnese, and moved to Athens after the war. His father had been a member of the Pro-Soviet branch of the Greek Resistance, and was imprisoned during the Greek Civil War. His father's Communist Party membership made it impossible for Costa-Gavras to attend university in Greece or to be granted a visa to the United States, so after high s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
