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1981 Asyut Islamist Uprising
The 1981 Asyut Uprising was a failed military operation conducted two days after the assassination of Anwar Sadat by militants of al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya. The attack on government targets in the city of Asyut, capital of the governorate of the same name, was the only of several operations which were intended to spark a popular uprising against the state. Although the attackers were able to inflict heavy casualties on security forces, they did not receive any significant popular support and were quickly crushed. Background By the 1970s Egypt's rapidly increasing youth population was also becoming rapidly educated and politically organised. During the early days of Sadat's rule, Islamic student groups like Gama'a al-Islamiyya were covertly promoted as a counterweight to nationalist and leftist student organisations which opposed Sadat's policies of normalization of relations with Israel and Infitah (economic liberalization). Sadat's economic policies generally failed to provide jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrorism In Egypt
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Different definitions of terrorism emphasize its randomness, its aim to instill fear, and its broader impact beyond its immediate victims. Modern terrorism, evolving from earlier iterations, employs various tactics to pursue political goals, often leveraging fear as a strategic tool to influence decision makers. By targeting densely populated public areas such as transportation hubs, airports, shopping centers, tourist attractions, and nightlife venues, terrorists aim to instill widespread insecurity, prompting policy changes through psychological manipulation and undermining confidence in security measures. The terms "te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fajr Prayer
The fajr prayer, alternatively transliterated as fadjr prayer, and also known as the subh prayer, is a salah (ritual prayer) offered in the early morning. Consisting of two rak'a ("bows"), it is performed between the break of dawn and sunrise. It is one of two prayers mentioned by name in the Qur'an. Due to its timing, Islamic belief holds the fajr prayer to be of great importance. During the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, Muslims begin fasting with the fajr prayer. Performance The fajr prayer consists of two compulsory ( fardh) units of prayer (rak'a). In addition, the voluntary sunnah prayer consists of two units of prayer and can be performed before the compulsory prayer. In fajr, Al-Fatiha and the additional surah are to be read aloud (''jahr''), as during Maghrib and Isha. It is commonly performed silently when waking up in the morning. The prayer includes wudu (ritual purification) and salat (ritual prayer). Fajr replaced salat al-duha as the morning prayer befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takfir Wal-Hijra
''Takfir wal-Hijra'' (, translation: "Excommunication and Exodus", alternatively "excommunication and emigration" or "anathema and exile"), was the popular name given to a radical Islamist group ''Jama'at al-Muslimin'' founded by Shukri Mustafa which emerged in Egypt in the 1960s as an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood. Although the group was crushed by Egyptian security forces after it murdered an Islamic scholar and former government minister in 1977, it is said to have "left an enduring legacy" taken up by some Islamist radicals in "subsequent years and decades."''Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East'' By Katerina Dalacoura, p.113 Name The label "''Takfir wal-Hijra''" ("excommunication and exodus") was from the start a derogatory term ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Democratic Party (Egypt)
The National Democratic Party (), often referred to in Egypt as simply the National Party (), was the ruling List of political parties in Egypt, political party in Egypt from 1978 to 2011. It was founded by President Anwar Sadat in 1978. The NDP wielded uncontested power in state politics, usually considered a ''de facto'' One-party state, single party, with authoritarian characteristics,Jason Brownlee "Authoritarianism in an age of democratization", p. 124 inside an officially multi-party system, from its creation until the resignation of Sadat's successor Hosni Mubarak in response to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. The National Democratic Party was an authoritarian centrist party. From its inception, it was by far the most powerful of the parties to emerge from the Arab Socialist Union (Egypt), Arab Socialist Union (ASU), the former ruling sole party since 1962, and was as such seen as its organic successor. In contrast to ASU's strong emphasis on Arab nationalism and Arab soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fouad Mohieddine
Fouad may refer to: People with the single name *Fuad I of Egypt (1868-1936), also spelled Fouad, sultan and later king of Egypt *Fuad II of Egypt (born 1952), deposed infant king of Egypt Fictional characters *Fouad (Family Guy), character in American animated comedy series People with the surname *Amina Fouad Amina Fouad (born ) is a retired Egyptian female volleyball player. She was part of the Egypt women's national volleyball team at the 2002 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship The 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship was the fourteenth ... (born 1980), Egyptian volleyball player * Ceet Fouad (born 1971), Algerian muralist * Hala Fouad (1958-1992), Egyptian film and TV actress * Mohamed Fouad (born 1961), Egyptian singer and actor * Muharram Fouad (1934-2002), Egyptian singer and film star * Nagwa Fouad (born 1943), Egyptian-Palestinian belly-dancer * Yasmine Fouad, Egyptian politician * Tamino-Amir Moharam Fouad (born 1996), Belgian-Egyptian singer and model, gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osama El-Baz
Osama El-Baz (; ) (6 July 1931 – 14 September 2013) was an Egyptian diplomat and a senior advisor to former President Hosni Mubarak. Career A graduate from Cairo University, he studied for six years in the United States, where he obtained his master's degree from Harvard Law School. El-Baz later joined the Egyptian foreign service, and was made ''chef de cabinet'' with ambassadorial rank in 1977. When Ismail Fahmi resigned in 1977 to protest President Anwar El Sadat's visit to Jerusalem, El-Baz volunteered to help the president in planning his negotiations with Israel. He was sent to Israel where he negotiated the terms for the Egyptian President's visit. His colleague in those preparations was Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who later went on to become Secretary-General of the United Nations. El-Baz represented the Arab nationalist, while Boutros-Ghali was a cautious pro-Westerner. Following Sadat's assassination in 1981, Egypt's new president Hosni Mubarak took El-Baz as an adviso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Halim Abu-Ghazala
Muhammad Abd Al-Halim Abu-Ghazala (; 15 January 1930 – 6 September 2008) was Defense Minister of Egypt from 1981 to 1989. Abu Ghazala was seated next to Anwar Sadat when the president was assassinated. Early life and education He was born in Zuhur Al Omara village, El Delengat, Beheira Governorate, on 15 January 1930. His family descended from "Awlad Aly" tribe. After completing his secondary education, he joined the Egyptian Royal Military Academy, then he received the battalion command diploma from Stalin Academy in the Soviet Union in 1949. He also graduated from Nasser Academy for higher military education (Cairo 1961). On the civilian studies side, he received a bachelor's degree from the faculty of commerce, Cairo University. Abu Ghazala received the diploma of honor from the National War College in the U.S., thus being the first non-American to receive such an award. Besides his native Arabic, Abu Ghazala was also fluent in English, French and Russian. Career He was th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabawi Ismail
Nabawi Ismail (1925 – 15 June 2009) was one of the ministers of Interior of Egypt who was in office when Anwar Sadat was assassinated. Therefore, he is the last minister of Interior of Sadat. Early life and education Ismail was born in Al Darb Al Ahmar district in 1925. He studied at the Police Academy and graduated in 1946. He also studied law after graduating from the academy. Career After his graduation, Ismail joined the general security service of Egypt in 1952. He was a member of the Arab Socialist Union from 1962 and became part of its secret unit, the Socialist Vanguard (Arabic: al-Tanzim al-Tali‘i), which was also called the Vanguard Organization, in 1963 when the unit was established. In 1971, he was appointed director of Mamdouh Salim's office, who is one of the former prime ministers and interior ministers. Ismail was deputy interior minister before his appointment as minister of interior. He was appointed minister of interior in 1977 to the cabinet led by P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Security Investigations Service
The State Security Investigations Service ( ) was the highest national internal security authority in Egypt. Estimated to employ 100,000 personnel, the SSI was the main security and intelligence apparatus of Egypt's Ministry of Interior (Egypt), Ministry of Interior. The SSIS focused on monitoring underground networks of Islamic terrorism, radical Islamists and probably planted agents in those organizations and had the role of controlling opposition groups, both armed groups and those engaged in peaceful opposition to the government. It has been described as "detested" and "widely hated". Following the 2011 Egyptian revolution, the head of the SSI was arrested under suspicion of ordering the killings of demonstrators. On March 15, 2011, the Ministry of the Interior announced the dissolution of the agency. The service was replaced by (or renamed) the Egyptian Homeland Security after the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état. History Origins and early history The State Security Investigatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AK-47
The AK-47, officially known as the Avtomat Kalashnikova (; also known as the Kalashnikov or just AK), is an assault rifle that is chambered for the 7.62×39mm cartridge. Developed in the Soviet Union by Russian small-arms designer Mikhail Kalashnikov, it is the originating firearm of the Kalashnikov rifle, Kalashnikov (or "AK") family of rifles. After more than seven decades since its creation, the AK-47 model and its variants remain one of the most popular and widely used firearms in the world. Design work on the AK-47 began in 1945. It was presented for official military trials in 1947, and, in 1948, the fixed-Stock (gun), stock version was introduced into active service for selected units of the Soviet Army. In early 1949, the AK was officially accepted by the Soviet Armed Forces and used by the majority of the member states of the Warsaw Pact. The model and its variants owe their global popularity to their reliability under harsh conditions, low production cost (compared t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eid Al-Adha
Eid al-Adha () is the second of the two main festivals in Islam alongside Eid al-Fitr. It falls on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijja, the twelfth and final month of the Islamic calendar. Celebrations and observances are generally carried forward to the three following days, known as the Tashreeq days. Eid al-Adha, depending on country and language is also called the Greater or Large Eid (). As with Eid al-Fitr, the Eid prayer is performed on the morning of Eid al-Adha, after which the '' udhiyah'' or the ritual sacrifice of a livestock animal, is performed. In Islamic tradition, it honours the willingness of Abraham to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God's command. Depending on the narrative, either Ishmael or Isaac are referred to with the honorific title "''Sacrifice of God''". Pilgrims performing the Hajj typically perform the tawaf and saee of Hajj on Eid al-Adha, along with the ritual stoning of the Devil on the Eid day and the following days. Etymology The Arabic w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asyut
AsyutAlso spelled ''Assiout'' or ''Assiut''. ( ' ) is the capital of the modern Asyut Governorate in Egypt. It was built close to the ancient city of the same name, which is situated nearby. The modern city is located at , while the ancient city is located at . The city is home to one of the largest Coptic Christian communities in the country. History Names and etymology The name of the city is derived from Egyptian language, early Egyptian (late Egyptian, Səyáwt) which became Coptic language, Coptic , meaning "''Guardian''" of the northern approach of Upper Egypt. In Graeco-Roman Ægyptus, Egypt, it was called Lycopolis or Lykopolis (, ""), ('wolf city') Lycon, or Lyco. Ancient Asyut Ancient Asyut was the capital of the Thirteenth Nome (Egypt), Nome of Upper Egypt (''Lycopolites Nome'') around 3100 BC. It was located on the western bank of the Nile. The two most prominent Egyptian pantheon, gods of ancient Egyptian Asyut were Anubis and Wepwawet, both funerary deities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
